Paramatman, Paramatma, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻, Parama-atman: 32 definitions
Introduction:
Paramatman means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: archive.org: A History of Indian Philosophy (vaishnavism)笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�, 鈥渟upreme soul鈥�).鈥擳he realization of the nature of ultimate reality may again be of a twofold nature: abstract, i.e., as Brahman, and concrete, i.e., as personal God or the supreme soul (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍). In the latter case the richness of the concrete realization is further increased when one learns to realize God in all His diverse forms. In this stage, though the devotee realizes the diverse manifold and infinite powers of God, he learns to identify his own nature with the nature of God as pure bliss.
: humindian: 108 names of Lord KrishnaOne of the 108 names of Krishna; Meaning: "Lord Of All Beings"
: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ) refers to:鈥擳he Supersoul situated in the hearts of all living entities as a witness and the source of remembrance, knowledge, and forgetfulness. (cf. Glossary page from 艢r墨 B峁沨ad-bh膩gavat膩m峁泃a).
Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).
Samkhya (school of philosophy)
: archive.org: A History of Indian Philosophy (samkhya)笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥擳his 辫耻谤耻峁, called also 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍, is beginningless and it has no cause beyond itself. The self is in itself without consciousness. Consciousness can only come to it through its connection with the sense organs and manas. By ignorance, will,antipathy, and work, this conglomeration of 辫耻谤耻峁 and the other elements takes place. Knowledge, feeling, or action, cannot be produced without this combination.
Samkhya (啶膏ぞ啶傕啷嵿く, S膩峁僰hya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. Samkhya philosophy accepts three pramanas (鈥榩roofs鈥�) only as valid means of gaining knowledge. Another important concept is their theory of evolution, revolving around prakriti (matter) and purusha (consciousness).
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: archive.org: A History of Indian Philosophy (yoga)笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�, 鈥渉igher self鈥�).鈥擳he duality involved in this conception of a friend and a foe, of conqueror and conquered, of an uplifting power and a gravitating spirit, naturally involves a distinction between a higher self (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍) and a lower self (腻迟尘补苍). It is only when this higher self conquers the lower that a self is a friend to itself. In a man who has failed to conquer his own passions and self-attachments the self is its own enemy. The implication, however, is that the lower self, though it gravitates towards evil, has yet inherent in it the power of self-elevation.
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) refers to the 鈥渟upreme self鈥�, according to the Kul膩r峁嘺vatantra (verse 9.15, 17).鈥擜ccordingly: 鈥淛ust as water poured into water, milk into milk and ghee into ghee, so there is no distinction between the individual self and the supreme self (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍)鈥�.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 膩sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: archive.org: A History of Indian Philosophy (vedanta)笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�, 鈥渉ighest soul鈥�).鈥擨t is just and proper that the scriptures should command the individual souls to seek knowledge so as to attain liberation; for it is the desire for the highest soul (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍) or God or Brahman that is the cause of liberation, and it is the desire for objects of the world that is the cause of bondage.
: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ) refers to 鈥渙ne鈥檚 true self鈥�, according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as Janaka says to A峁ａ弓avakra]: 鈥淭ruly I am spotless and at peace, the awareness beyond natural causality. All this time I have been afflicted by delusion. As I alone give light to this body, so I do to the world, As a result the whole world is mine, or alternatively nothing is. So now abandoning the body and everything else, by some good fortune or other my true self (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘腻) becomes apparent [kuta艣citkau艣al膩deva 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 vilokyate]. [...]鈥�.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 5: The 艢aiva Philosophy in the 艢iva-mah膩pur膩峁嘺笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥擨n the 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 there is both the 艢iva-aspect and the 艣补办迟颈- aspect. It is by the connection of 艢iva and 艢akti that there is 腻苍补苍诲补 or bliss. The Atman is pure consciousness and this consciousness holds within it all knowledge and all energy; it is independent and free, and that is its nature.
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ).鈥擳he Supreme Spirit. The vitality behind J墨v膩tm膩 (soul). (See under J墨v膩tm膩 and Brahman).
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) or 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 refers to the 鈥淸greatest] supreme soul鈥�, and represents an epithet of 艢iva used in Sandhy膩鈥檚 eulogy of 艢iva, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.2.6. Accordingly:鈥斺�淸...] Directly perceiving the lord of Durg膩 she [viz., Sandhy膩] eulogised the lord of the worlds: [...] Thou art, the greatest (paras) supreme soul (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍). Thou art 艢iva, the various lores, the pure Brahman, the supreme Brahman and the utmost object of deliberation鈥�.
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ) or 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 refers to the 鈥淸greatest] supreme soul鈥�, and represents an epithet of 艢iva used in Sandhy膩鈥檚 eulogy of 艢iva, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.2.6. Accordingly:鈥斺�淸...] Directly perceiving the lord of Durg膩 she [viz., Sandhy膩] eulogised the lord of the worlds: [...] Thou art, the greatest (paras) supreme soul (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘腻). Thou art 艢iva, the various lores, the pure Brahman, the supreme Brahman and the utmost object of deliberation鈥�.
: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study1) 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) is the ultimate goal of Yogins, resulting in 膧迟测补苍迟颈办补-笔谤补濒补测补 (鈥渓iberation of the individual soul鈥�), according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur膩峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥斈�迟测补苍迟颈办补-笔谤补濒补测补 is the result of the knowledge of God, that is to say when Yogins lose themselves in 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍, then occurs the 膧tyantika-pralaya. Thus liberation of the individual soul as a result of right knowledge and his absorption in The Supreme Soul is called 膧tyantika-pralaya. [...]
2) 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) refers to one of the names for the 鈥渟un鈥� [viz., 厂奴谤测补], according to the eulogy of the Sun by Manu in the 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺.鈥擜ccordingly, the 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 which is purely a 艢aivite work, though it purports to be revealed by the Sun, contains some references to practices of Saura Sects, and here and there it identifies 艢iva with the Sun. From the eulogy of the Sun by Manu it appears that the sun is the Supreme deity. He is [viz., 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍] [...] In another passage Manu while eulogizing the Sun god expresses that the Sun is another form of Lord 艢iva. [...]
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) refers to the 鈥渢ranscendent form of V膩sudeva鈥�, as discussed in chapter 2 of the 尝补办峁墨迟补苍迟谤补: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising some 3600 Sanskrit verses exclusively devoted to Goddess Lak峁墨 or 艢r墨 (the consort of Vi峁ａ箛u) besides dealing with cosmology and practical regarding Vaishnava priests and temple-building programs.鈥擠escription of the chapter [艣耻诲诲丑补-尘腻谤驳补辫谤补办腻艣补]: The chapter opens with a description (by 艢r墨) of the 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍-form known as (the transcendent) V膩sudeva, of her intimate [迟腻诲腻迟尘测补] relationship to Him and thus her own greatness, omnipotence, omniscience, etc. as His 艢akti (1-25). The Lord in His own essence is 箩帽腻苍补; the attributes associated with this essence, however, are six鈥攏amely, 箩帽腻苍补 (颈肠肠丑腻), 艣补办迟颈, bala, 补颈艣惫补谤测补, 惫墨谤测补, and tejas. [...]
Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Mantrashastra (the science of Mantras)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (mantra)笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶�) or 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补mantra is the name of a Mantra mentioned in chapter 24 of the 尝补办峁墨迟补苍迟谤补: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising some 3600 Sanskrit verses exclusively devoted to Goddess Lak峁墨 or 艢r墨 (the consort of Vi峁ａ箛u) besides dealing with cosmology and practical regarding Vaishnava priests and temple-building programs.鈥擠escription of the chapter [迟腻谤补辫谤补办腻艣补]: How to compose the 迟腻谤补尘补苍迟谤补 [O峁俔 by using the 惫补谤峁嘺肠补办谤补-design is given (1-7). [...] The 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补-尘补苍迟谤补 [So'ham] is discussed briefly (52b-79a).
Mantrashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 尘补苍迟谤补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of mantras鈥攃hants, incantations, spells, magical hymns, etc. Mantra Sastra literature includes many ancient books dealing with the methods reciting mantras, identifying and purifying its defects and the science behind uttering or chanting syllables.
General definition (in Hinduism)
: archive.org: A History of Indian Philosophy笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥擳he individual soul exists in the 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 in an undifferentiated state in the sense that the 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 is the essence or ground-cause of the j墨vas ; and the texts which emphasize the monistic side indicate this nature of 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 as the ground-cause. This does not imply that the individual souls are identical with Brahman.
Since 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 is always the same and does not undergo any change or transformation or dissolution, He is more real than the 辫谤补办峁泃颈 or 辫耻谤耻峁 or the evolutes of 辫谤补办峁泃颈. This idea has also been expressed in the view of the Pur膩峁嘺s that the ultimate essence of the world is of the nature of knowledge which is the form of the 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍. It is in this essential form that the world is regarded as ultimately real and not as 辫谤补办峁泃颈 and 辫耻谤耻峁 which are changing forms.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: WikiPedia: Jainism笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥擨n Jainism, each 腻迟尘补苍 or individual self is a potential 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 or God, both are essentially the same. It remains as atman only because of its binding 鈥�办补谤尘颈肠鈥� limitations, until such time as those limitations are removed. As 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍, the atmand represents the ultimate point of spiritual evolution.
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�) refers to the 鈥渟upreme soul鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淥r, the Supreme Soul (辫补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍) is not perceived through its own nature which is unknown. The individual self is to be ascertained first in order to discern the Supreme Soul. Further, there may not be an abiding in the self for one who is ignorant of the real state of the self. Hence he fails to distinguish between the nature of the body and the self鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ).鈥攎 (S) The Supreme Being considered as the soul of the universe. 2 The highest or most excellent soul of animated beings,--the Divine emanation (Divina particula aura) quickening and sustaining the subject. See 箩墨惫腻迟尘腻.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ).鈥�m The Supreme. Being con- sidered as the soul of the universe.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥�m. the Supreme Spirit or Brahman; 啶� 啶� 啶啶椸さ啶苦ぇ啷囙ぐ啷嵿え啶掂啶むぐ啶� 啶膏啶ムた啶班ぇ啷�啶班ぞ 啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶う啶班啶多え啶距い啷� (na ca yogavidhernavetara岣� sthiradh墨r膩 param膩tmadar艣an膩t) R.8.22; 啶膏啶掂ぐ啷嵿啶距お啶掂ぐ啷嵿啶- 啶班啶ぞ啶班啶椸ぎ啶距ぎ啶ㄠえ啷嵿い啶� 啶え啷�啶粪た啶｀ 啷� 啶う啷佮お啶距じ啷嵿い啶苦ぎ啶膏ぞ啶掂い啷嵿ぐ 啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ 啶ㄠた啶班啶啶い啷� (svarg膩pavargayo- rm膩rgam膩mananti man墨峁峁嘺岣� | yadup膩stimas膩vatra 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 nir奴pyate) || Kusum.
笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms parama and 腻迟尘补苍 (啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥攎.
(-迟尘腻) The Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe. E. parama first, 腻迟尘补苍 spirit or soul.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥攎. the universal soul.
笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms parama and 腻迟尘补苍 (啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�).鈥擺masculine] the supreme spirit, the soul of the universe; [abstract] tmatva.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶�):鈥擺from parama > para] a m. a [particular] personification, [Maitr膩ya峁嚹�-sa峁僪it膩 2.]
2) [v.s. ...] b in [compound] = tman
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�):鈥擺from parama > para] m. all the heart (only [instrumental case] = parame峁嘺 cetas膩, [column]1), [Mah膩bh膩rata]
2) [v.s. ...] the Supreme Spirit, [Upani峁d; Manu-sm峁泃i; Mah膩bh膩rata] etc. (cf. [Religious Thought and Life in India 37]).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶え啷�):鈥擺辫补谤补尘腻+迟尘补苍] (迟尘腻) 5. m. The Supreme.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ) [Also spelled parmatma]:鈥�(nm) God, the Supreme Self/Being/Spirit; ~[tma tattva] the Universal Soul, the Supreme Spirit/Being; ~[tm膩 k墨 k峁沺膩 se] by the grace of God.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补 (嗖舶嗖簿嗖む硩嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] the Supreme Being.
2) [noun] (jain.) the Jina spiritual teacher.
3) [noun] he who has the supreme knowledge, the knowledge of the Supreme Being.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 (啶ぐ啶ぞ啶む啶ぞ):鈥攏. the Universal Soul; the Superself; the Supersoul;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: The, The, Parama, Atman, Te, Paramatman.
Full-text (+102): Paramatmaprakasha, Paramatmastava, Paramatmavinoda, Paramatmamaya, Paramatmasamdarbha, Jivatman, Yoga, Pranatman, Paramatmatattva, Paramatmaka, Paramattuman, Jiva, Paramatmagatiprakasha, Paramatuma, Kshetrajna, Paramatmamantra, Atman, Purnaghana, Paccekabuddhabrahmana, Supreme self.
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Search found 179 books and stories containing Paramatman, Parama-腻迟尘补苍, Paramatma, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻, Parama-atman, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补, Parama-atma, Parama-膩tm膩, The paramatman; (plurals include: Paramatmans, 腻迟尘补苍s, Paramatmas, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补苍s, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘腻s, atmans, 笔补谤补尘腻迟尘补s, atmas, 膩tm膩s, The paramatmans). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama) (by S. Sitarama Sastri)
Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara鈥檚 Commentary (by S. Sitarama Sastri)
Verse 1.1.1 < [Mundaka I, Khanda I]
Verse 3.2.5 < [Mundaka III, Khanda II]
Verse 1.1.4 < [Mundaka I, Khanda I]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 15.17 < [Chapter 15 - Puru峁ttama-toga (Yoga through understanding the Supreme Person)]
Verse 13.32 < [Chapter 13 - Prak峁泃i-辫耻谤耻峁-vibh膩ga-yoga]
Verse 13.23 < [Chapter 13 - Prak峁泃i-辫耻谤耻峁-vibh膩ga-yoga]
Traces of Mysticism in Jainism (Study) (by Sadhvi Madhystha Prabha)
3.3. Mysticism in the Works of 膧c膩rya Yogindudeva < [Chapter 3 - Mysticism in 艢rama峁噄c Literature]
Three States of Soul < [Chapter 4 - Concepts of Jainism and Mysticism]
Jain Scholars (1) A. N. Upadhye < [Chapter 6 - Direct and indirect views on Jaina Mysticism]
Yuktimallika by Vadiraja (critical study) (by Gururaj K. Nippani)
9. Interpretation of the Bhagavata verse 鈥榓ham bhavan na ca鈥� < [Critical exposition (3) Bhedasaurabha]
3. Bheda establishing through Brahmasutras < [Critical exposition (3) Bhedasaurabha]
11. Bhedasrutis are Niravakasas and Abhedasrutis are Savakasas < [Critical exposition (3) Bhedasaurabha]
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