The concept of Sharira as Prameya
by Elizabeth T. Jones | 2019 | 42,436 words
This page relates 鈥楶rameyas in Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Vedanta, Mimamsa, Sankhya and Yoga鈥� of the study on the concept of Sharira as Prameya Based on Nyaya (shastra), which represents one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy. Nyaya philosophy basically represents the 鈥渟cience of reasoning鈥� and primarily deals with epistemology and logic. Sharira (鈥渂ody鈥�) refers to one of the twelve Prameyas (鈥渙bjects of valid knowledge鈥�), as defined in the Nyayashastra literature.
Prameyas in 狈测腻测补, 痴补颈艣别峁办补, Ved膩nta, M墨m膩峁僺a, Sankhya and Yoga
In 痴补颈艣别峁办补蝉奴迟谤补 碍补峁嚹乨补 explained only six categories but abhava category is also mentioned. Category is divided into two 叠丑腻惫补 and 础产丑腻惫补, but 狈补颈测腻测颈办补蝉 are accepted this division. In 狈测腻测补siddh膩ntamuktavaly the division of categories explained asti anyadapi dravya驳耻峁嘺karma 蝉腻尘补苍测补 samavayah prameyam. He also categories divided in to bh膩va and abh膩va. Substance, quality, action, generality, particularity, inherent are bh膩va categories and the seventh category is abh膩va. The existing thing is bh膩va and non-existing thing is abh膩va.
Gautama鈥檚 狈测腻测补sutra the first sutra is prama峁嘺 prameyasamasyaprayojana d峁泂tanata siddhanta avayava tarka nirnaya vadajalpavitanda chalaj膩ti nigrastan膩 tatvajnand nisreyasa dhigamah in explained sixteen categories. These categories are very important to help the argumentation these sixteen categories included in vai艣esika seven categories. So they are not against opinion.
Mimamsa and Vedantins had different opinion about prameyas. Kumarilabhatta accept five padarthas dravya, guna, karma, samanya and abhava. Pr膩bh膩karaguru鈥檚 opinion is eight padarthas that is dravya, 驳耻峁嘺, karma samanya, paratantra, sakti, sadrsya and samkhya, Mur膩rimisra accept five padarthas, brahmah, dharmavisesa, dharmi visesh 腻诲丑腻谤补 visesh and pradesa visesh. Vedantin accept only two padarthas鈥揷it and acit. R膩manuja explained Iswara, cit and acit (isvara and Jada). 狈测腻测补 vaisesikas are accepting twelve prameyas, that is soul, body, senses, objects intellect, mind, activity, fault, rebirth fruit, pain and Apavarga. 痴补颈艣别峁办补 accept seven categories that are dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa, samavaya and abhava. All padarthas in the world is included in seven padarthas. They admit nine substance also earth, water fire, air, ether, time space, soul and mind. The first five padarthas known as 惭补丑腻产丑奴迟补, twenty four qualities, five karmas鈥�鲍迟办峁辫补峁嘺, Apak峁pa峁嘺, Akunjana, Prasarana and gamana. Para and apara visesa, samavaya and four abhavas are in padarthas in vaisesikaphilosophy.
Samkhyas admit twenty five tattvas. It is divided into four parts first part mula prakriti. It is of one it is not produced it is the cause of the growth of all substance so it is called
1) mulaprakrithi,
2) prakrti-vikriti鈥擨t includes seven categories鈥搈ahatatva, Ahamkara, tanmatra, (sabdatanmatra, Sparsatanmatra, rupatanmatra, rasatanmatra and gandhatanmatra),
3) vikriti鈥擨t is karya. It is not the cause of the birth of others.
It is of sixteen panchabhutas鈥攅arth, water, fire air and ether.
笔补苍肠别苍诲谤颈测补鈥攅测别, nose, tongue, skin, and ear.
Pachabhutas鈥攅arth, water, fire, air and ether.
笔补苍肠丑补办补谤尘别苍诲谤颈测补蝉鈥搀补办, pani, pada, paya, and upastha last mind or mana.
There are the twenty-five tattvas Yogas also the twenty five tattvas accepted God is also included. So twenty six tattvas accepted.