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艢补颈惫补 办峁�e迟谤补s in Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s

Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 is the the Sanskrit word where 鈥�Sthala鈥� means any place or region and 鈥�笔耻谤腻峁嘺鈥� means story, associating the term with the story of any place,or historical significance of the temple,or sacredness of the site. The name of any place or temple has historical association with some major event surrounded to it.

The word Sthal 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 comes from the Sanskrit language which means any place or region having ancient tradition or tale primarily describing its historical association based on the traditional events at respective temples, regions, or villages. Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 for various places describing the importance and significance of pilgrimage and temples are written by scholars and enables to have an insight into history in addition to enriching our knowledge on local customs and culture. Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 is basically categorized along three main themes such as Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s of some temples based in South India.

I. Li峁単a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺

This work, like the other 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s gives a description of the universe and of the royal dynasties up to the time of 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 but it mainly concentrated on the narration of legends, enjoining of rites and recitation of prayers designed to do honour to 艢颈惫补 in his various forms.

II. Skanda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺

The Skanda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 does not exist as a complete work, that only fragments in the form of 厂补峁僪颈迟腻蝉, 碍丑补峁囜笉补蝉 and 惭腻丑腻迟尘测补蝉 found in various parts of the country constitute portions of this 笔耻谤腻峁嘺. The most celebrated of these is the 办腻艣墨 碍丑补峁囜笉补 (in 15,000) stanzas, which gives a detailed description of the temples of 艢颈惫补 in or adjacent to 痴腻谤腻峁嘺蝉墨. The story of Agastya probably presents in the form of a legend, an account of the propogation of Hinduism in south India. The Utkala 碍丑补峁囜笉补 similarly highlights the holiness of Orissa and 笔耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补 办峁�e迟谤补 or 艢r墨 箩补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补, and Bhubaneswar other 碍丑补峁囜笉补, etc. emphasize the sanctity of local temples or group of temples in certain regions. Thisa 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 contains, like 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补, Brahma, Matsya and 痴腻测耻, the longest lists of countries and peoples of India.

Another important class of 艢补颈惫补 Literature is formed by the Sthala-笔耻谤腻峁嘺s. They are devoted to the glorification (惭腻丑腻迟尘测补) attributed to Haradatta. It gives an account of the sports of 艢颈惫补 in the holy place Madurai, called the 诲惫腻诲补艣腻苍迟补厂迟丑补濒补. It is a very popular book and recited in temple congregations. The 贰办腻尘谤补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 is fairly big work written in praise of 贰办腻尘谤补-办峁�e迟谤补 (Bhubaneswar) in Orissa. There are many other Sthala 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s relating to other Sacred places like these there are numerous descriptions in praise of 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 sacred to 艢颈惫补 in the principal 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s.

The 贰办腻尘谤补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 is accepted as one of the oldest works of Orissa and deals with the glory and greatness of 贰办腻尘谤补 碍峁�e迟谤补, it is said that due to the presence of a lovely tope of a single mango tree (贰办腻尘谤补v峁沰峁�a) in the area, it was named after it. Another account seeks to differfrom the above slightly and states that the 碍峁�e迟谤补 was so named as it was surrounded by hundreds of mango groves.

贰办腻尘谤补chandrik膩, an orthodox text states about the geographical situation of 贰办腻尘谤补 办峁�e迟谤补 (Bhubaneshwar) that, this 碍峁�e迟谤补 starts from khandagiri to 碍耻峁囜笉补濒别艣惫补谤补 尘补丑腻诲别惫补 and from 叠补濒补丑补诲别惫墨 to bahirange艣vara 尘补丑腻诲别惫补 and formed a circle and gives auspicious result and placed different types of sacred 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 famous as an incomparable 艢补颈惫补 办峁�e迟谤补 in the world. The shadow of this mango tree of the 碍峁�e迟谤补 is extended up to one mile. The branches of this tree are extended from 蝉耻诲补谤别艣惫补谤 (the 艢颈惫补 installed in modern sundarpada village) to Meghe艣var mah膩dev (near 叠谤补丑尘别艣惫补谤补 patna) and formed a 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 like shape^[1].The names Bhubaneswar was well known from the 骋补峁単补 period; although other names were also attributed to this 办峁�e迟谤补 during that phase^[2]. During this period Bhubaneswar was known as 贰办腻尘谤补ka, K峁泃iv膩sa-办峁�e迟谤补, Tri-bhubaneswar, 厂惫补谤峁嚹乲耻迟补驳颈谤颈 and Li峁単ar膩ja-碍峁�e迟谤补.

III. In 艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 narration of 艢颈惫补 Temples

厂奴迟补 said that wise sages, listen to the narrative of holy centres with 艢颈惫补鈥檚 temple all of which accord salvation. Thereafter he shall tell you their traditions for the welfare of the people. The earth, fifty crores of yojanas in extent, abounding in mountains and forests, supports the people at bidding of 艢颈惫补. The lord 艢颈惫补 has himself raised up these temples and holy centres in different places for the liberation of the residents of these localities. These temples whether self-risen or not, in view of their being accepted (as their frequent resort) by the sages and Devas are intended for the redemption of the peoples. If a man dies any where in the 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a^[3] he shall be reborn again as a man if he has resided in a holy centre where there is a self-risen Phalic emblem of 艢颈惫补 a Brahmins, committing sins in a holy centre is of infeffable character. When a man stays in holy centre he must not comit even the smallest sin. On the shores of the ocean in the confluence of hundreds of rivers there are many such holy centres and temples. The holy river 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 is said to have sixty mouths or holy centres on its banks. Hence an intelligent man must stay on its banks. He shall attain Brahma鈥檚 region gradually.

The river 骋补峁単腻 flowing from the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补 mountains is very holy with its hundred mouths. There are many holy centres on its banks such as 办腻艣墨 etc. Its banks are highly sacred in month of 惭腻驳补艣墨谤补蝉补 or when 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 (Jupiter) is in the Zodiac 鈥淐apricornus鈥�. The river 艢辞峁嘺产丑补诲谤补^[4] of ten mouths is holy and yields all cherished desires. By ablutions there in and observing fast the devotee shall attain the region of the god 骋补峁噀艣补. The holy 狈补谤尘补诲腻^[5] is a great river of twenty-

four mouths by a dip there in and residing on its banks the devotee shall attain the region of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. The river of 迟补尘补蝉腻 is of twelve mouths and 搁别惫腻^[6] has ten mouths. 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨^[7] is very holy and it quells the sins of murdering a Brahmin or slaughtering a cow. It is said to have 21 mouths an accords Rudraloka. 碍峁涐梗峁嚹乿别峁嚹� is sacred river destroying all sins. It is said to have eighteen mouths and it accords 痴颈峁ａ箛耻loka. 罢耻峁単补产丑补诲谤腻 has ten mouths and it accords Brahmaloka. The holy Suva峁嘺mukhar墨^[8] is said to have nine mouths. Those who fall from Brahmaloka are born there. By residing on the banks of the auspicious rivers 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨^[9], 辫补尘辫腻,^[10] 碍补苍测腻^[11] and 艢惫别迟补苍补诲墨^[14] one shall attin indraloka. The great river 碍腻惫别谤墨^[12] flowing from the mountain sahya is very holy and is said to have 27 mouths. The devotees of 艢颈惫补 are bestowers of 艢颈惫补loka and accord cherished desires. 艢颈惫补 himself has mentioned before that the bath in the 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨 in the 蝉颈峁僪补 when Jupiter is also in the zodiac of 厂颈峁僪补 accords 艢颈惫补 region. 叠谤补丑尘腻 has stated that the bath in the suvar峁嘺 mukhar墨 when the sun and the Jupiter are in the zodiac Dhanus accords 艢颈惫补loka. The rivers 罢腻尘谤补辫补谤峁嚹� and 惫别驳补惫补迟墨 accord Brahma loka there are holy centres on their banks bestowing heaven on the worshipper. In between these rivers there are meritorious holy centres. Intelligent men residing there will reap the respective fruits fruits there of. 叠丑耻惫补苍别艣补 in the city of 笔耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补 is the bestower of good siddhis. 尝辞办别艣补 and 惭补丑腻濒颈峁単补 bestow all bliss.^[13]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

贰办腻尘谤补 Chandrik膩 (Odia),p.107

[2]:

Bhubaneswar Inscriptions of Anantaverman Chodaga峁単a Deva, EI,Vol.XXX,P.29-32

[3]:

艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,Ch.12.6,Vol-1

[4]:

Ibid,艢濒-10-11,Vol-1

[5]:

滨产颈诲,艢 l-12-13,Vol-1

[6]:

Ibid,Vol-1

[7]:

滨产颈诲,艢濒-14,Vol-1

[8]:

Ibid,Vol-1

[9]:

Ibid,艣濒-17-19,Vol-1

[10]:

Ibid,Vol- 1

[11]:

Ibid,Vol-1

[12]:

ibid,Vol- 1

[13]:

艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺,Vol.3,Ch-2,(碍辞峁璱谤耻诲谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻) 艣濒-12

[14]:

Ibid,vol-1