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Rudra-Shiva concept (Study)

by Maumita Bhattacharjee | 2018 | 54,352 words

This page relates ‘Pancabrahma incarnation� of the study on the Rudra-Shiva concept in the Vedic and Puranic literature, starting with the concept of God as contemplated by the Rishis (Vedic sages). These pages further deal with the aspects, legends, iconography and eulology of Rudra-Shiva as found in the Samhitas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads Sutras and Puranas. The final chapters deal with descriptions of his greatness, various incarnations and epithets.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

In the Purāṇic literature, it is stated that in different kalpas, Ś represents himself in different manifestations. His ʲñ󳾲 incarnation is depicted in the ʳܰṇa. In the nineteenth kalpa of śٲdz󾱳ٲ, Ś incarnated as ٲ. The ٲ is the lord of the sense of smell, of the earth.[1] In the twentieth kalpa, i.e. rakta kalpa[2] when worshipped Ś to get a son, a child clad in red dress and garland and with red eyes and red coloured ornaments appeared before him. That very child was the incarnation of Ś named 峾𱹲.[3] 峾𱹲 is mentioned as the lord of the organ of taste.[4] He takes place in ṃk and performs different activities.[5]

In the twenty-first kalpa (īٲ kalpa), meditated on Ś desiring a son. A boy in yellow garment, resplendent and with long arms appeared before . Then found him to be the incarnation of Ś named ղٱܰṣa.[6] He is arrayed with a yellow garland and he wears a turban of yellow colour.[7] ղٱܰṣa is the lord of the touch organ, hand, sense of touch and wind.[8]

In the next kalpa, found before him a black coloured powerful boy who was magnificent with his own gleam, clad in black dress, black turban, black sacred thread and black agaru was pasted over his body. This boy is known as Aghora, an incarnation of Ś.[9] Aghora is said to be the lord of the sense of taste, colour and the fire.[10] In another reference, Aghora is located in the eyes of all living beings.[11]

Another form of Ś is ĪśԲ. The best manifestation of Ś is ĪśԲ.[12] He is the presiding lord of hearing, speech and sky.[13] He is located in the sense organ of ear in all the living beings.[14]

Ś is identical with the ʲñ󳾲. The first form of him is ĪśԲ, second is ղٱܰṣa, third is Aghora, 峾𱹲 is fourth and ٲ is fifth. ĪśԲ is present in all living beings in the form of the sense organ of ear, ղٱܰṣa in the form of the sense organ of nose, Aghora is stationed in the eyes, 峾𱹲 is in the tongue and ٲ resides in the form of the sense organ of smell.[15]

In the Vāyu Purāṇa, the physical appearance of the ʲñ󳾲 incarnation of Ś is depicted very clearly. Here, it is said that ٲ is white in colour. He wears a white coloured turban, garments and white garlands. His bones, flesh, hair, skin and even blood are white in colour. 峾𱹲 manifestation is red in colour. The colour of Aghora form of Ś is black. ĪśԲ represents all colours. But the colour of ղٱܰṣa incarnation has not been mentioned in these ʳܰṇa.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

ghrāṇasya caivopasthasya gandhasya ca bhuvastathā | sadyojātāhvaya� rūpamīś� śṅk� vidu� || Ibid., 3.1.48

[2]:

tato ṃśaپ� kalpo rakto īپٲ� | Ibid.,3.1.12

[3]:

(a) dhyāyata� putrakāmasya prādurbhūto vidhe� ܳٲ� | raktamālyāmbaradharo raktākṣo raktabhūṣaṇa� || sa ta� ṛṣṭv ٳԲ� ܳ� dhyānamāśrita� | 峾𱹲� ś� ñٱ praṇa峾 ṛtñᲹ� || Ibid., 3.1.13-14 (b) dhyāyata� putrakāmasya 󳾲ṇa� 貹ṣṭ󾱲Բ� | prādurbhūto ٱ� kumāro raktabhūṣaṇa� || raktamālyāmbaradharo raktanetra� pratāpavān | sa ta� ṛṣṭv ٳԲ� ܳ� raktavāsasam || ṅg-ܰṇa, 1.12.2-3

[4]:

raśanāyāśca pāyośca rasasyāpā� tathaiva ca | īś� 峾ⲹ� ū貹� śṅk� smṛtam || Ś-ܰṇa, 3.1.47

[5]:

vāmadeva...ahaṃkṛteradhiṣṭhāno bahukāryakara� || Ibid., 3.1.43

[6]:

첹ṃśaپٲ� 첹貹� īٲ iti smṛta�... dhyāyata� putrakāmasya vidherjāta� ܳ첹� | pītavastrādikaprauḍho ٱ Ჹ� || ta� ṛṣṭv dhyānasaṃܰٲṃ ñٱ ٲٱܰṣa� śivam | Ibid., 3.1.17-19

[7]:

pītagandhānuliptāṅga� pītamālyāmbaro ܱ | hemayajñopavītaśca pītoṣṇīṣo Ჹ� || ṅg-ܰṇa, 1.13.3

[8]:

(a) tvakpāṇisparśavāyūnāmīś� rūpamaiśvaram | puruṣākhya� vicārajñā matimanta� pracakṣate || S.P., 3.1.45 (b) sthitastatpuruṣo 𱹲� śarīreṣu śarīriṇām | tvagindriyātmakatvena tatvavidbhirudāhṛta� || ṅg-ܰṇa, 2.14.12

[9]:

(a) tato’pasyanٱ� ܰūٲ� kumārakam | ṛṣṇaṇa� 屹īⲹ� īⲹԲ� svatejasā || dhṛtakṛṣṇāmvaroṣṇīṣa� kṛṣṇayajñopavītinam | kṛṣṇena maulinā ܰٲ� kṛṣṇasthānānulepana�...mahātmānamaghora� ghoravikrama� vavande devadeveśamadbhuta� kṛṣṇapiṅgalam || Ś-ܰṇa, 3.1.24-26 (b) kṛṣṇāmbaradharoṣṇīṣa� kṣṇayajñopavītinam | kṛṣṇena maulinā ܰٲ� kṛṣṇasraganulepanam || ṅg-ܰṇa, 1.14.5

[10]:

vapuṣaśca rasasyāpi rūpasyāgnestathaiva ca | aghorākhyamadhiṣṭhāna� rūpamāhurmanīṣiṇa� || Ś-ܰṇa, 3.1.46

[11]:

aghoropi mahādevaścakṣurātmatayā budhai� | īپٲ� sarvabhūtānā� śarīreṣu ⲹٳ󾱳ٲ� || ṅg-ܰṇa, 2.14.13

[12]:

īśԲ� śivarūpaśca garīyānprathama� smṛta� | Ś-ܰṇa, 3.1.40

[13]:

īśānāhvasvarūpo hi śaṅkarasyeśvara� | śrotrasya vacasaścāpi vibhorvyomnastathaiva ca || Ibid., 3.1.44

[14]:

īśԲ� paramo 𱹲� 貹ṣṭī ٲԲ� | śrotrendriyātmakatvena sarvabhūteṣvavasthita� || ṅg-ܰṇa, 2.14.11

[15]:

Ibid., 2.14.6-15

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