Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study)
by Diptimani Goswami | 2014 | 61,072 words
This page relates ‘Qualities (19-20): Iccha and Dvesha (Desire and Aversion)� of the study on the Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories with special reference to the Tarkasangraha by Annambhatta. Both Nyaya and Vaisesika are schools of ancient Indian Philosophy, and accepted in their system various padarthas or objects of valid knowledge. This study investigates how the Tarkasamgraha reflects these categories in the combined Nyayavaisesika school.
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Qualities (19-20): and ٱṣa (Desire and Aversion)
and ٱṣa is also a pair of qualities like sukha and ḥk. These two are also correlated qualities, but they are not contradictory to each. That means one is not the negation of the other; but both are positive qualities.
Praśastapāda says that is wishing for something which is not yet obtained, either for the sake of one’s own self or for other. This quality is produced from conjunction of the self and manas, pleasurable feeling and recollection of the pleasurable feelings of the past. It is of different types–desire for sexual pleasure is known as 峾, that for food is known as ; desire for enjoyment of pleasurable objects again and again is known as 岵; that for future deed is known as ṃk貹, desire to relieve the pain of others without any selfishness is known as ܲԲⲹ�; desire to avoid pleasurable objects as these are false is known as 岵ⲹ and desire to deceive others is known as ܱ貹. There are many more kinds of desire.[1]
About 屹ṣa Praśastapāda says that it has a nature of burning. ٱṣa is that because of which the self feels as if it is burning. It is caused by the conjunction of ٳ with manas, pain and recollection of painful objects. ٱṣa is the cause of prayatna, ṛt, dharma and adharma. There are different kinds of 屹ṣa, such as krodha (anger), droha (malevolence), Բ� (resentment) etc.[2]
ԲԲṃbṭṭ gives very short definition of and 屹ṣa. is longing and 屹ṣa is irritation.[3] He has not elaborated these definitions.
վśٳ appears to be a little more elaborate in these respects. In his view craving for painlessness and pleasure is desire and it arises from the knowledge of them. Desire is twofold–that relating to the result and that relating to the means. Result is twofold, viz., pleasure and absence of pain. The cause of the desire for the result is the knowledge of the desire. The desire for the means is caused by the knowledge of its conduciveness to what is desirable.[4] According to վśٳ, 屹ṣa, on the other hand, is caused by the notion of producing something repugnant.[5]
Footnotes and references:
[2]:
[5]:
dviṣṭa sādhanatābuddhirbhaved 屹ṣasya kāraṇam. Ibid., p.280