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Mamma峁璦bha峁�峁璦 says that 辫补诲补-诲辞峁�a (Defects of word) are of sixteen types. The defective word is such as鈥�

1. 艣谤耻迟颈办补峁璾 (unpleasant to ear),
2. 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃测补 (lacking of correctness),
3. prayukta (unconventional),
4. asamartha (incapable of giving sense),
5. 苍颈丑补迟腻谤迟丑补 (having its meaning supressed),
6. 补苍耻肠颈迟腻谤迟丑补 (having an improper signification),
7. nirarthaka (useless),
8. 补惫腻肠补办补 (not expressive),
9. 迟谤颈诲丑腻艣濒墨濒补 (indecorous in three ways),
10. sandigdha (ambiguous),
11. 补辫谤补迟墨迟补 (unintelligible),
12. 驳谤腻尘测补尘 (vulgar),
13. 苍别测腻谤迟丑补 (one whose meaning has to be guessed),
14. 办濒颈峁ａ弓补 (it is obscure),
15. avim峁涐梗峁璦 avidhey膩峁兣沘 (having predicate factor not discriminated),
16. 惫颈谤耻诲诲丑补尘补迟颈办峁泃蝉补尘腻蝉补驳补迟补尘别惫补 (of repugnant implication only when occurring in a compound).^[1]

In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 five defects occurring in words come to view.

These are鈥�

1. 艣谤耻迟颈办补峁璾tva (The unpleasantness to the ear),
2. nirarthakatva (uselessness),
3. 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈 (lacking of correctness),
4. 驳谤腻尘测补迟惫补 (vulgarity),
5. 补艣濒颈濒补 (obscenity).

(i) 艣谤耻迟颈办补峁璾tva (The unpleasantness to the ear)

The word 艣谤耻迟颈办补峁璾tva denotes consisting of harsh letters.^[2] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑惫补 some words consisting of harsh letters are found in the verse 惫测腻驳丑谤腻驳丑谤腻迟补尘峁沢墨办峁沺腻 鈥︹赌︹赌︹赌︹赌︹赌�e迟肠.^[3] Herein, the letter r in 惫测腻驳丑谤腻驳丑谤腻迟补 and randhra, the letter 峁� in 办丑补峁単腻丑补迟颈 are harsh and hence the verse becomes unpleasant to the ear while read.The another examples is found in the act V.16.

(ii) 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈 (Lacking of correctness)

The 诲辞峁�a called 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈 arises from the violation of grammatical rules.^[4] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈 occurs in the verse skhalayati vacanam etc.^[5] Here the word subhru is found grammatically incorrect form. Hence it becomes a case of blemish called 肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈.

(iii) nirarthaka (Uselessness):

The 诲辞峁�a called nirarthakatva is found when a word is used only to complete the metre of a poem and has no impact on the meaning. ^[6] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 some verses are found with hi having no sense and use. For example in the verse vyati峁�ajati pad膩rth膩n膩ntara岣モ�︹�︹�︹�︹��..etc^[7] wherein the letter hi does not express any sense as it has been used by 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 in order to complete the metre.

Other examples are鈥�

1. Act I- 34
2. Act II - 7
3. Act VI - 17
4. Act VIII - 12

(iv) 补艣濒墨濒补 (Indecorous):

The 诲辞峁�a called 补艣濒墨濒补tva or indecorous is of three kinds, implying either,

1. (a) 惫谤墨岣嵞� (indecency),
2. (b) 箩耻驳耻辫蝉腻 (disgust),
3. (c) 补尘补峁単补濒补惫测补帽箩补办补 (inauspiciousness).

As for instance in the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 this fault arises in the verse utk峁泃yaotk峁泃ya k峁泃ti峁� 鈥︹赌︹赌︹赌�e迟肠^[8] wherein 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has used many words viz., 耻迟办峁泃测辞迟办峁泃测补, 辫峁泃丑奴肠辞辫丑补产丑奴测腻峁僺颈, 耻驳谤补辫奴迟墨苍颈 which have duly suggested the existence of disgust the 2^nd variety of the 补艣濒墨濒补 i.e. Indecorous.

(v) 驳谤腻尘测补迟惫补 (Vulgarity):

The 驳谤腻尘测补迟惫补 is a word that is used only by the lower order of men.^[9] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, this defect arises in the verse tvatvatsala岣� kva sa tapasvijanasya鈥︹�� 鈥︹赌︹赌�..别迟肠^[10] wherein the term 办补苍测腻惫颈迟补岣� is used by a 肠补峁囜笉腻濒补 办补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻.Where the term 办补苍测腻惫颈峁璦岣� is vulgar. Hence it is regarded as the defect called 驳谤腻尘测补迟惫补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

碍腻惫测补辫谤补办腻艣补,VII.50-51

[2]:

艣谤耻迟颈办补峁璾 paru峁�avar峁嘺rupa峁� du峁ａ弓am /
Ibid.

[3]:

惫测腻驳丑谤腻驳丑谤腻迟补尘峁沢墨办峁沺腻kulam峁沢any膩yena hi峁僺膩ruse岣� /
辫腻辫补 pr膩峁噛upah膩raketanaju峁�a岣� pr膩ptoasi me gosaram //
so鈥檃ha峁� pr膩gbhavataiva bh奴tajanan墨m峁沬dhnomi kha峁単膩hoti /
chinnaskandhakavandha randrarudhirapr膩gbh膩r膩ni岣�syamdin膩 //
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,V.29

[4]:

肠测耻迟补蝉补峁僺办峁泃颈 vy膩kara峁嘺lak峁�a峁嘺h墨nam /
碍腻惫测补辫谤补办腻艣补,VII.p.166

[5]:

skhalayati 惫补肠补苍补峁� te sra峁僺ayatya峁単ama峁単am /
janayati mukhacandrodbh膩sina岣� svedavind奴n //
mukulayati ca netre 蝉补谤惫补迟丑腻 subhru khedas /
tvayi vilasati 迟耻濒测补峁� 惫补濒濒补产丑腻濒辞办补苍别苍补 //
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, III.8

[6]:

苍颈谤补谤迟丑补办补峁� p膩dap奴ra峁嘺m膩traprayojana峁� c膩dipadam /
碍腻惫测补辫谤补办腻艣补,VII.170

[7]:

vyati峁�ajati pad膩rth膩n膩ntara岣� ko鈥檖i hetu /
na khalu vahirup膩dh墨npr墨taya岣� sa峁兣況ayante //
vikasati hi pata峁単asyodaye 辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补峁� /
dravati ca himara艣m膩vudgate 肠补苍诲谤补办腻苍迟补岣� //
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, I.24

[8]:

utk峁泃yaotk峁泃ya k峁泃tim p峁沘thamamatha p峁泃h奴chophabh奴y膩峁僺i m膩峁僺膩 /
nya峁僺asphikpr峁涐梗峁璽hapi峁囜笉膩dyavayavasulabh膩nyugrap奴rt墨ni jagdhv膩 //
膩ttasn膩yvantranetra岣� praka峁璱tada艣ana岣� pretara峁卥a岣�kara峁卥膩 /
da峁卥asth膩dasthisa峁僺tha峁� sthapu峁璦gatamapi kravyamavyagramatti //
Ibid.,V.16

[9]:

驳谤腻尘测补峁� yatkevala峁� loke sthitam /
碍腻惫测补辫谤补办腻艣补,VII.p.175

[10]:

tvatvatsala岣� kva sa tapasvijanasya 丑补苍迟腻 /
办补苍测腻惫颈峁璦岣� patirasau pairak峁�atu tv膩m /
艣yen膩vap膩tacakit膩 vanavartikeva /
ki峁� ce峁ａ弓ase nanu cir膩tkaval墨k峁泃膩si //
Ibid., VIII.8