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The writer mentions that the people of 7^th century performed various Vedic Practices and sacrifices. He himself performed some rituals such as 蝉补峁僤丑测辞辫腻蝉补苍腻,^[1] prayer to 办耻濒补诲别惫补迟腻,^[2] and recited the Vedic mantras^[3] suitable for starting off a journey; the image of the 艢颈惫补 was washed with milk^[4] etc. It shows the 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 practiced some religious practices like these at that time. 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 also mentions 蝉补峁僤丑测辞辫腻蝉补苍腻^[5] is a nityavidhi for householders. From the description of storing the various materials such as-soma-plants, sacrificial oblations, a bundle of 辫补濒腻艣补 leaves^[6] to perform the Vedic sacrifices in the 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s house, it deducts that performing sacrifices was a usual duty in 叠腻峁嘺鈥檚 time. Again, it is found in the 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补 that the 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s offered 惫补颈艣惫补诲别惫补辫颈峁囜笉补^[7] (i.e., boiled rice made for all the deities) before taking dinner. The description of the young goats, dark and variegated (艣腻谤补) playing in the courtyard^[8] of the 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s indicates that the continuous animal sacrifices were held at that time.

Descriptions of some other Vedic sacrifices are also to be found. When king Probh膩karvardhana had been in his dead-bed, some of the citizens performed various 测补箩帽补 for the quick cure of the king. To mention, some were such as-办辞峁璱丑辞尘补,^[9] 峁�a岣嵞乭奴迟颈丑辞尘补^[10] etc. It is also found in the 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补 about 苍颈谤腻箩补苍补 测补箩帽补^[11] which was for winning a war and was performed at that time. Manu also prescribes the performance of this 测补箩帽补 for winning a war.^[12] It was a military and religious ceremony performed by kings and generals in the month of 腻艣惫颈苍 before they would set off to the battle field.

Other various Vedic mantras used in making offerings to various gods and as found in 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补 are such as the heartfelt chanting of 腻诲颈迟测丑峁沝补测补尘补苍迟谤补^[13] muttered three times in a day by king Prabh膩karvardhana to worship the Sun. Again, the 补驳丑补尘补谤峁�a峁嘺尘补苍迟谤补 (i.e., the purifying hymn found in the 峁欢惫别诲补, begins with 鈥�峁泃a峁� ca 蝉补迟测补峁� 肠腻产丑墨诲诲丑腻迟迟补辫补蝉辞补诲丑补箩腻测补迟鈥︹赌�^[14]) is found in the 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补, when the hermit felt light hearted, being freed from the great disease of sin that had been removed by the 补驳丑补尘补谤峁�a峁嘺 hymn.^[15]

The 厂补峁卥别迟补 commentary refers鈥�

艣补尘补苍补峁� 蝉补谤惫补辫腻辫腻苍腻峁� 箩补辫测补峁� tri峁�v补驳丑补尘补谤峁�a峁嘺m.^[16]

Manu prescribes that through this mantra, in the morning, at noon and in the evening, one can attain freedom from all sins.^[17]

When king Prabh膩karvardhana was in his dead-bed, the citizens were reciting the 谤耻诲谤补颈办腻诲补艣墨尘补苍迟谤补^[18] in the temple of 艢颈惫补. They were also reciting the 尘补丑腻尘腻测耻谤墨尘补苍迟谤补^[19] (i.e., one of the five amulets of Buddhists) for averting calamity. The writer notes that the 辫补帽肠丑补产谤补丑尘补^[20] prayer had been recited by the Goddess 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 with 补峁ａ弓补辫耻峁�p颈办腻. Here, the word 补峁ａ弓补辫耻峁�p颈办腻 implies the eight forms of God 艢颈惫补 in the form of eight flowers. These eight forms of the 艢颈惫补 are mentioned in the 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补峁兣沘办耻苍迟补濒补尘^[21] as the Earth, the Wind, the Water, the Sky, the Fire, the Sun, the Moon and the Sacrificer.

According to P. V. Kane鈥�

鈥渋t is a prayer recited by the 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s at the time of smearing the body with sacred ashes. The prayer is addressed to 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补, 痴腻尘补诲别惫补, 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a, Aghora and I艣膩na, which was preceded by the ceremony of properly intertwining the fingers and hands in worship.鈥�^[22]

These mantras and rituals had been well established and practiced in the Vedic era, and were prevalent in the society contemporary to 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补,III.p.41

[2]:

pra峁嘺mya 办耻濒补诲别惫补迟腻bhya岣�, Ibid.,II.p.26

[3]:

辫谤腻蝉迟丑腻苍颈办腻苍颈 蝉奴办迟腻苍颈 尘补苍迟谤补辫补诲腻苍颈鈥�, Ibid.,II.p.25

[4]:

鈥�.virupak峁�asya k峁�irasnapanapura岣�sar膩峁� 鈥�.. 辫奴箩腻峁� paramay膩 bhakty膩, Ibid.

[5]:

驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补sm峁泃i,I.18

[6]:

sekasukum膩rasomaked膩rik膩harit膩yam膩napraghan膩ni, 鈥ε泆峁�yatpuro岣嵞伵浤珁a鈥︹�� haritaku艣ap奴l墨辫补濒腻艣补samindhi 鈥�.indhanagomayapi峁囜笉ak奴峁璦sa峁卥a峁�膩ni鈥︹��agnihotradhen奴n膩峁� 鈥�.ajiravitardik膩ni鈥�vait膩nved墨艣a峁卥avy膩n膩maudumbar墨峁嚹佱箖 艣膩kh膩n膩峁� 鈥� ...s膩k峁Ｄ乼tray墨tapovan膩n墨va鈥�, 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补,II.p.21

[7]:

Ibid.

[8]:

鈥�kriyatk峁涐梗峁嘺艣腻谤补cch膩ga艣膩vakapraka峁璱tapa艣ubandhaprabandh膩ni鈥�.., Ibid.

[9]:

Ibid.,V.p.76

[10]:

Ibid.

[11]:

paralokavijay膩ya nir膩jyamannmiva鈥︹��vice峁ａ弓am膩nam, Ibid.,VI.p.98

[12]:

惭补苍耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻,VII.182

[13]:

.. 鈥β岵贡璨獠贯箖 蝉耻肠补谤颈迟补岣� pratyu峁�asi madhyandine din膩nte鈥︹��mantram膩dityh峁沝ayam, 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补,IV.p.58

[14]:

峁欢惫别诲补,X.190

[15]:

补驳丑补尘补谤峁�a峁嘺mu峁�itakilbi峁�avi峁�agadoll膩ghalaghu峁�u yati峁�u.., 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补, I. p.5

[16]:

Ibid.,p.25

[17]:

惭补苍耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻,XI.260

[18]:

箩补辫测补尘腻苍补谤奴诲谤补颈办腻诲补艣墨艣补产诲腻测补尘腻苍补艣颈惫补驳峁沨补尘, 贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补,V.p.76

[19]:

辫补迟丑测补尘腻苍补尘补丑腻尘腻测耻谤墨辫谤补惫补谤迟测补尘腻苍补驳峁沨补艣腻苍迟颈鈥�, Ibid.

[20]:

pulinap峁涐梗峁環aprati峁ａ弓膩pitasaikata艣ivali峁単膩 ca bhaktay膩 paramay膩 辫补帽肠丑补产谤补丑尘补鈥︹��.suciram补峁ａ弓补辫耻峁�p颈办腻mad膩t, Ibid.,I.p.8

[21]:

础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补尘艣补办耻苍迟补濒补尘, I.1

[22]:

贬补谤峁�a肠补谤颈迟补,p.187