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(Astronomy and astrology). 闯测辞迟颈峁�a is the science about the stars and heavenly bodies. The heavenly bodies are the sun, the moon, the other planets and the stars etc. From the very ancient days men believed that these planets and stars in the sky played an important part in controlling the growth and activities of all the living and non-living things in the world.

Astrology has been a recognized science in Egypt, China and India from very ancient days. History tells us that 3000 years before Christ there were astronomers in Babylon. But even before that time astronomy had fully expanded and grown in 叠丑腻谤补迟补.

The Vedas are supposed to have six 础峁単补蝉 (ancillaries) They are 艢颈办峁Ｄ� (Phonetics), Kalpa (ritual), 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺 (Grammar), 闯测辞迟颈峁�a (astronomy) Chandas (metrics), and Nirukta (etymology). From this it can be said that the Indians had acknowledged Astronomy as an ancillary of the Vedas. The expounders of the Vedas say that Astronomy is the eye of the Vedas.

Astronomy has two sides, the doctrinal side (笔谤补尘腻峁嘺产丑腻驳补) and the result-side (Phala产丑腻驳补). The Calendar is reckoned in accordance with the 笔谤补尘腻峁嘺-产丑腻驳补. Prediction and casting horoscopes of living beings is the Phala-产丑腻驳补.

The astronomers have divided the sky that surrounds the earth into twelve parts called r膩艣 is (zodiacs). All the stars of the first zodiac appear in the shape of a goat (惭别峁�a) so that zodiac was called 惭别峁�a. Thus the zodiac in which the stars took the shape of an ox was called 峁氠梗补产丑补 (ox). In the zodiac Mithuna the stars took the shape of a young couple. 碍补谤办补峁璦办补 means crab. In that zodiac the stars appear in the shape of a crab. In the same way 厂颈峁僪补 means lion and 碍补苍测腻 means a damsel. 罢耻濒腻 means balance and 痴峁浥沜颈办补 means scorpion; Dhanus means bow and Makara means Makara matsya (horned shark). Kumbha is a water pot and 惭墨苍补 means fish. The name of the zodiac is according to the sign of the zodiac. That is, in what shape the stars in that particular zodiac appear to the people of the earth. The figure of the twelve zodiacs with the earth as centre is given below:鈥�

惭墨苍补 惭别峁�a 峁氠梗补产丑补 Mithuna

Kumbha 碍补谤办补峁璦办补

Makara 厂颈峁僪补

Dhanus 痴峁浥沜颈办补 罢耻濒腻 碍补苍测腻

In Kerala and some other places the zodiacs are marked to the right in order beginning with 惭别峁�a, whereas it is marked to the left in the same order in some of the other parts of India.

The earth completes one rotation in 60 狈腻岣峣办腻蝉 (24 minutes) i.e. 24 hours. In each rotation these twelve zodiacs face the earth. For a man standing at a particular point on the earth it will take 60% 12 i.e. 5 n膩岣峣k膩s (two hours) on an average, for a zodiac to pass him. But it may vary in different places according to the difference of the shape of the earth. A month is the time the sun remains in a zodiac. The planet Jupiter takes a year and Saturn two years and a half on an average to pass a zodiac. The calendar shows which are the planets standing in each zodiac and how far they have travelled at a particular time in that particular zodiac. When a particular zodiac is in a particular region of the earth, a man born in that region is said to be born in that zodiac. When a particular place faces the zodiac of 惭别峁�a the child which takes birth in that place is said to be born in the zodiac of 惭别峁�a. The zodiac of birth is given the name Lagna by astronomers. Those who are well-versed in the resultside of astronomy are of opinion that the life, fortune etc. of living beings depend upon the position of the planets in relation to their lagnas.