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[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]

I bow to lord 艢颈惫补 of great bliss and of endles divine sports, who is great and omnipresent, who is the beloved consort of 笔腻谤惫补迟墨, who is the progenitor of 碍腻谤迟迟颈办别测补 and 骋补峁噀艣补, and who is the primordial lord of the universe.

艢补耻苍补办补 said:鈥�

1. O 厂奴迟补, O great fortunate disciple of 痴测腻蝉补, O storehouse of wisdom and mercy; please narrate the incarnations of lord 艢颈惫补 by means of which the lord enhanced the welfare of the good.

厂奴迟补 said:鈥�

2. O sage 艢补耻苍补办补, with great devotion I shall narrate the incarnations^[1] of 艢颈惫补 to you a sage. Listen to it with attention and control over the senses.

3. O sage, formerly, Nandin, a form of 艢颈惫补 and of the good, when asked by 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补, told him the narrative with devotion to Siva.

Nand墨艣vara said:鈥�

4. The incarnations of the omnipresent lord 艢颈惫补 are countless in the different aeons.^[2] Yet I shall narrate them as far as I know.

5. The nineteenth Kalpa is known as 艢惫别迟补濒辞丑颈迟补. The first incarnation is glorified as the incarnation of 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补.

6. In that Kalpa, 艢惫别迟补濒辞丑颈迟补, endowed with a tuft, was born as the son of 叠谤补丑尘腻 as he meditated upon the supreme Brahman.

7. On seeing that Being in the form of Brahman and realising that to be 莫艣惫补谤补, 叠谤补丑尘腻 meditated on in his heart and saluted him with palms joined in reverence.

8. Knowing that 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 to be 艢颈惫补, 叠谤补丑尘腻, the lord of the worlds became delighted. With pure intelligence he pondered over that great Being again and again.

9. As he thus meditated, sons white in colour and famous for valour, were born to him. They were of great wisdom and had the form of the Supreme Brahman.

10. They were Sunanda, Nandana, 痴颈艣惫补苍补苍诲补 and Upanandana. They were the disciples of that noble soul. By them the Brahman was encircled.

11. The delighted great lord, the 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 incarnation of 艢颈惫补, lovingly bestowed on 叠谤补丑尘腻 the perfect wisdom and the power of creation.

12. The next Kalpa, the twentieth one is named and glorified as Rakta (red) wherein 叠谤补丑尘腻 assumed a great splendour red in hue.

13. As 叠谤补丑尘腻 desirous of sons meditated, a son appeared in front of him wearing red garments and garlands. His eyes were red and his ornaments too were red.

14. On seeing that noble-souled son, he resorting to meditation knew him as the 痴腻尘补诲别惫补 incarnation of 艢颈惫补 and so bowed to him with palms joined in reverence.

15. Your sons wearing red garments were born of him Viz. Virajas, 痴颈惫腻丑补, 痴颈艣辞办补 and 痴颈艣惫补产丑腻惫补苍补.

16. The delighted 笔补谤补尘别艣惫补谤补, the 痴腻尘补诲别惫补 incarnation of 艢颈惫补 bestowed on 叠谤补丑尘腻 lovingly, the power of cation and perfect wisdom.

17. The twenty-first Kalpa is said to be 笔墨迟补惫腻蝉补蝉 wherein 叠谤补丑尘腻 of great achievement became yellow-robed.

18. As 叠谤补丑尘腻 desirous of sons meditated, a son born unto him mature, of great arms and great splendour and wearing yellow garments.

19-20. On seeing him engrossed in meditation and realising that Being as 艢颈惫补, the Creator bowed to him after performing the Japa of 艢颈惫补-骋腻测补迟谤墨, who is the great goddess, bowed to by all the worlds. The great god was delighted with the mind in contemplation.

21. Then from his sides sons of divine features issued forth. All of them had yellow garments and they were the instigators of the Yogic path.

22. When that Kalpa of yellow colour of the self-born lord elapsed, another Kalpa set in and it was named 艢颈惫补.

23. After a thousand divine years had elapsed and the entire universe had become one vast ocean,^[3] 叠谤补丑尘腻 desirous of creating subjects thought in sorrow.

24. That lord of great splendour saw a son coming into view. He was black in colour, possessed of great strength. He was shining in his own splendour.

25. He was clad in black clothes and a black turban. He wore a black sacred thread. He had a black coronet, black toilet and unguent articles.

26. On seeing that noble soul of terrible exploits, (named) Aghora (non-terrible), he worshipped him鈥攖he lord of god, of wonderful black and tawny colour.

27. 叠谤补丑尘腻 then contemplated on Aghora in the form of Brahman. He eulogised that unperishing Being favourably disposed towards his devotees, by means of pleasing words.

28. Then from his sides sprang up four noble-souled sons all of whom were black in colour and had black toilet and unguent articles.

29. These brilliant beings in the form of 艢颈惫补 had the clear names 碍峁涐梗峁嘺, 碍峁涐梗峁嘺艣ik岣�a, 碍峁涐梗峁嚹乻测补 and 碍峁涐梗峁嘺ka峁囜弓ha-诲丑峁沰.

30. The noble-souled beings of this nature initiated the great and wonderful Yoga called Ghora for the purpose of 叠谤补丑尘腻鈥檚 creation.

31. O great sages, then another extremely wonderful Kalpa of 叠谤补丑尘腻, named 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 began to function.

32. As 叠谤补丑尘腻, desirous of sons, meditated on 艢颈惫补 mentally, 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 (Goddess of speech) of great sound manifested herself. She was 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫腻 (Universe-formed).

33. 莫艣腻苍补 of such renowned features, supreme lord of crystal-like pure brilliance and bedecked in all ornaments manifested himself.

34. On seeing 莫艣腻苍补 the unborn lord, all pervading, all-bestowing, the all-in-all, of good forms as well as formless, 叠谤补丑尘腻 bowed to him.

35. Lord 莫艣腻苍补 after instructing the path of the [good] to 叠谤补丑尘腻, created four auspicious sons in collaboration with his Energy.

36. There were born 闯补峁璱苍, 惭耻峁囜笉颈苍, Sikha峁囜笉in [艢颈办丑补峁囜笉颈苍?] and 础谤诲丑补尘耻峁囜笉补. By means of Yoga they imparted good virtue and attained the goal of Yoga.

37. Thus I have succinctly narrated the origin of 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 and others, O 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补, O omniscient one, being desirous of the welfare of all the worlds.

38. Then, O intelligent one, their dealings are beneficial to the three worlds and everything that is existent in the universe.

39. The five famous forms of 惭补丑别艣补 are thus named 莫艣腻苍补, 笔耻谤耻峁�a, Aghora, 痴腻尘补 and Brahman. (also see Appendix on the five faces of 艢颈惫补)

40. 莫艣腻苍补 form of 艢颈惫补 is the first and the principal one. It directly occupies and presides over the individual soul, the enjoyer of 笔谤补办峁泃颈.

41. 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a form of 艢颈惫补 is the second. It occupies and presides over every object of enjoyment, the support of the attributes.

42. The third form of 艢颈惫补 is Aghora that stands within, occupies.and presides over the principle of intelligence with all its ramifications for the sake of Dharma.

43. The fourth form of 艢颈惫补 is 痴腻尘补诲别惫补 who presides over the ego and is engaged in many incessant activities.

44. The 莫艣腻苍补 form of 艢颈惫补 is the permanent lord of the organ of hearing, speech and the all-pervading sky.

45. Intelligent and wise persons call 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a as the lord of Tvac (organ of touch perception), hand, sense of touch and the wind element.

46. Intelligent persons call the form Aghora, the support of the physical body, the sense of taste, of colour and of fire as well.

47. 痴腻尘补诲别惫补 form of 艢颈惫补 is remembered as the lord of the organ of taste, of the organ of excretion, of taste itself and of waters as well.

48. They know the form of 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 as the lord of the organ of smell, of smell itself, of the earth and of the generative organ.

49. These forms of 艢颈惫补, the source of all glory shall be honoured and bowed to strenuously by those who seek glory.

50. He who reads and listens to the origin of 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 and others, enjoys all desires and attains the ultimate goal.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

The concept of Rudrasr峁ａ弓i can be traced as far back as the Vedic Literature. According to Yv 16.4 one Rudra created many Rudras out of his own body. The 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 too have recorded the tradition of many Rudras evolved out of a single Rudra. The present 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 describes one hundred incarnations of 艢颈惫补 and is therefore called 艢补迟补谤耻诲谤补.

But according to 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补-产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 (9.1.1.7), 艢补迟补谤耻诲谤颈测补 means a single hundred-headed 艢颈惫补 (艣ata艣墨r峁Ｄ佱箛a峁� 谤耻诲谤补峁� 艣atarudriyamity膩cak峁�ate). This statement of 艢atapatha Br膩hma峁嘺 abrogates the concept of many Rudras evolved out of a single Rudra. But it is not corroborated by the evidence of the present 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 which enumerates the countless forms of Rudra.

[2]:

A kalpa is a day of 叠谤补丑尘腻 or one thousand yugas equal to a period of four hundred thirty two million years of mortals. Each kalpa is presided over by a particular form of Rudra. For instance, the 艢惫别迟补濒辞丑颈迟补 kalpa has 厂补诲测辞箩腻迟补 as the presiding deity, Rakta has 痴腻尘补诲别惫补, 笔墨迟补惫腻蝉补蝉 has 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a, 艢颈惫补 has Aghora and 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 has 莫艣腻苍补.

[3]:

贰办腻谤峁嘺惫补 symbolises the state of the universe during the period of dissolution when the divided units are drawn together forming a single watery mass. For details see 惭补迟蝉测补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (鈥楢 Study鈥� by V. S. Agrawal)鈥擜 Study Pp 9-10.