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啶曕�� 啶曕じ啷嵿く啷囙い啷嵿く啷� 啶嗋す,

ke kasyety 膩ha,

Which phonemes and so on suggest which 驳耻峁嘺? In that regard he says:

尘奴谤诲丑苍颈 varg膩ntya-驳腻岣� spar艣膩 补峁璦-varg膩 ra-峁嘺u 濒补驳丑奴 |
av峁泃tir madhya-v峁泃tir 惫腻 尘腻诲丑耻谤测别 驳丑补峁璦苍腻 迟补迟丑腻 ||8.74||

尘奴谤诲丑苍颈鈥攁t the beginning (lit. on the head); varga鈥攐f the group; antya鈥攖丑别 last one; 驳腻岣�鈥攚hich get; 蝉辫补谤艣腻岣�鈥攖丑别 蝉辫补谤艣补蝉 (lit. the touches) (the twenty-five consonants from k to m); 补峁璦-var驳腻岣�鈥攄evoid of the 峁璦 group; 谤补-峁嘺耻鈥拦 and 峁�; 濒补驳丑奴鈥攕丑辞谤迟; 补惫峁泃迟颈岣�鈥攄evoid of a compound; madhya-惫峁泃迟颈岣�鈥攁 medium-sized compound; 惫腻鈥攐谤; 尘腻诲丑耻谤测别鈥攊苍 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补 (sweetness); 驳丑补峁璦苍腻鈥攖丑别 construction; 迟补迟丑腻鈥攊苍 that way.

In 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补, the phonemes are the 蝉辫补谤艣补蝉, except the 峁璦 group, with the corresponding nasal placed before, as well as a short r, and a short 峁�. Either there is no compound or there is a compound of medium length. The phonetic combinations are in that way.

艣irasi nija-varg膩ntima-y耻办迟腻峁� 峁璦-峁環a-岣峚-岣峢a-varjit膩岣� k膩dayo m膩nt膩岣�, repha-峁嘺-k膩rau h峁泂惫腻nt膩v iti var峁嚹佱弗. asam膩so madhya-sam膩so veti sam膩sa岣�. 迟补迟丑腻 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补vat墨 辫补诲腻苍迟补谤补-yoge racan膩 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补sya vya帽jik膩.

The phonemes are the consonants from k to m鈥�except 峁�, 峁環, 岣�, and 岣峢鈥�connected with the last one of their respective group, which is placed first; as well as a short r, and a short 峁�. The style compounding is either the absence of a compound or a medium-sized compound. 鈥淭he phonetic combinations are in that way鈥� means the construction in connection with another word has 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补 (sweetness, melting). That construction is suggestive of the real 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补.

Commentary:

The sweet phonemes are as follows: 峁卥, 峁卥h, 峁単, 峁単h, 帽c, 帽ch, 帽j, 帽jh, nt, nth, nd, ndh, mp, mph, mb, mbh, mm, single short r, and single short 峁�. Sometimes the anus惫腻ra occurs instead of the sound 峁�, and so on. For instance, 鈥�办峁涐梗峁嘺峁� kuru鈥� is the same as 鈥�k峁涐梗峁嘺峁� kuru.鈥� They are optional forms. 笔补峁囜笉颈迟补-谤腻箩补 闯补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 adds the phonemes 峁兣� and 峁僺 to the list.^[1]

The word 惫补谤峁嘺 (phoneme) does not always translate as the word 鈥榣etter鈥� in English because sometimes two letters make one phoneme (speech-sound).^[2] In addition, the anus惫腻ra (峁�) is a phoneme, and so is the visarga (岣�).

The phonetic combinations which are part of the construction of 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补 are phonetic combinations which make one of the above phonemes. For example, when the two words alam and kuru join to make the form 补濒补峁卥耻谤耻 (adorn), there is a generation of a sweet phoneme (峁卥).^[3]

N膩ge艣a Bha峁�峁璦 says 谤腻 and 峁嚹� are excluded from the list of sweet phonemes. Regarding the compounding, he says a medium-sized compound is a compound of either two, three, or four words. Moreover, when many phonemes which are not part of the above list repeatedly occur in the context of 艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补 and so on, that is a fault in the construction of 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补.^[4] However, there is no fault when the soft phonemes are used in 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补. On the contrary, the soft phonemes assist the construction of 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补 in the melting of the heart. Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 referred to them earlier (8.3). Mamma峁璦 defines them in the next chapter (9.11). Sometimes the construction of softness is used by itself (Commentary 8.30). The most important soft phoneme is the letter l. Other important soft phonemes are: k, g, gh, j帽, t, d, dh, n, p, b, bh, m, y, v, s, h, and anus惫腻ra (峁�). In the construction of softness, there is no conjunct consonant.^[5]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

atas traya eva 驳耻峁嚹� iti mamm补峁璦-bha峁�峁�膩daya岣�. tatra 峁璦-惫补谤驳补-varjit膩n膩峁� var峁嚹乶膩峁� prathama-t峁泃墨yai岣� 艣abhir antasthai艣 ca gha峁璱t膩 naika峁瓂ena prayuktair anus惫腻ra-parasa惫补谤峁嘺i岣� 艣uddh膩nun膩sikai艣 ca 艣obhit膩 vak峁�yam膩峁嘺i岣� s膩m膩nyato vi艣e峁�ata艣 ca ni峁�iddhai岣� sa峁儁og膩dyair acumbit膩, av峁泃tir 尘峁沝耻-v峁泃tir 惫腻 racan膩nup奴rvy膩tmik膩 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补sya vya帽jik膩. [鈥�] anye tu varga-sth膩n膩峁� pa帽c膩n膩m avi艣e峁�e峁嘺 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补-vya帽jakat膩m 膩hu岣� (Rasa-驳补峁単腻诲丑补谤补, KM pp. 64-65). Here 闯补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 also says the sounds yy, ll, lv, and so on, are sweet.

[2]:

For example, the sound nt is one sweet phoneme made of two letters (two original phonemes), but bh, for instance,is only one phoneme: In Sanskrit, the phonemes kh, gh, ch, jh, th, dh, ph, and bh each are only one letter.

[3]:

辫补诲腻苍迟补谤补-yoga iti, yath膩 ala峁卥urv ity atra padayo岣� sandhau madhura-惫补谤峁噊迟辫补迟迟颈岣� (厂腻谤补-产辞诲丑颈苍墨 8.74). The rules are: mo vi峁ａ箛ucakra峁� vi峁ａ箛ujane (HNV 72); mo鈥檔us惫腻ra岣� (础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨 8.3.23);vi峁ａ箛ucakrasya harive峁噓r vi峁ａ箛uvarge, vi峁ａ箛upad膩ntasya tu 惫腻 (Hari-苍腻尘腻尘峁泃补惫测腻办补谤补峁嘺 73); 惫腻 pad膩ntasya (础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨 8.4.59).

[4]:

hrasva-svareti, tena 谤腻 峁嚹� ity 膩der vyud膩sa岣�. atra ni峁�iddh膩n膩m asak峁沝 up膩d膩ne do峁�at膩 bodhy膩. av峁泃tir ity anena 惫补颈诲补谤产丑墨 耻办迟腻. madhyamat膩 dvi岣�-tri-肠补迟耻岣�-pada-办峁泃腻. e峁Ｄ� p膩帽c膩l墨 r墨ti岣� 艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补-办补谤耻峁嘺-艣腻苍迟别峁�u (Uddyota 8.74).

[5]:

komala-var峁嚹乶up谤腻sa岣� [鈥�] kai艣cic chithila ity ucyate (础濒补峁卥腻谤补-办补耻蝉迟耻产丑补 7.20).