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atha lak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-kramo dhvanir vibhajya dar艣yate,^[1]

Now the type of poetry called 诲丑惫补苍颈-办腻惫测补 where the sequence of the implied sense is noticed is being subdivided and exemplified:

anusv膩n腻产丑补-蝉补峁僱补办峁�y补-krama-惫测补峁単测补-sthitis tu 测补岣� ||4.37cd||
艣abd膩rthobhaya-艣akty-utthas 迟谤颈诲丑腻 sa kathito 诲丑惫补苍颈岣� ||4.38ab||

补苍耻蝉惫腻苍补鈥攁 reverberation^[2]; 腻产丑补鈥攍颈办别; 蝉补峁僱补办峁�y补鈥攚hich is fully noticed; krama鈥攈as a sequence; 惫测补峁単测补-蝉迟丑颈迟颈岣�鈥攊n which the existence of the implied sense; tu鈥攈辞飞别惫别谤; 测补岣�鈥攚hich [dhvani]; 艣补产诲补-artha-ubhaya-艣补办迟颈鈥撵谤辞尘 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈, from artha-艣补办迟颈, and from both 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 and artha-艣补办迟颈; 耻迟迟丑补岣�鈥攁谤颈蝉别苍; 迟谤颈诲丑腻鈥攖丑谤别别蹿辞濒诲; 蝉补岣�鈥攖hat [dhvani]; 办补迟丑颈迟补岣�鈥攊s called; 诲丑惫补苍颈岣�鈥攆irst-rate implied sense.

The dhvani-办腻惫测补 in which there is the existence of an implied sense which is similar to an echo and whose sequence is fully perceived has three varieties: (1) 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈-bh奴 (arisen by the power of a word), (2) artha-艣补办迟颈-bh奴 (arisen by the power of a meaning), and (3) ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-bh奴 (arisen by both the power of a word and the power of a meaning).

pratidhvani-tulyasya 蝉补峁僱补办峁�y补-paurv膩paryasya vya峁単yasya sthitir yatra sa dhvanis 迟谤颈诲丑腻 艣补产诲补-艣akty-uttho鈥檙tha-艣akty-uttho dvi-艣akty-uttha艣 ceti. iha vya峁単yasya 艣abd膩di-艣akty-utthatvena traividhy膩t vya帽jakasy膩pi lak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-kram膩khyasya dhvanes tena traividhya峁� bodhyam.

First-rate poetry in which there is the existence of an implied sense which is similar to an echo (dhvani 鈮� pratidhvani), in other words its prior state and subsequent state are fully noticed in the mind, has three varieties: (1) 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈-bh奴, (2) artha-艣补办迟颈-bh奴, and (3) dvi-艣补办迟颈-bh奴.

Since an implied sense has three varieties, in terms of arising from 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 and so on, the 诲丑惫补苍颈-办腻惫测补 known as lak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-krama (in which the sequence of the implied sense is noticed) (i.e. poetry that contains either a vastu-dhvani or an 补濒补峁卥腻谤补-dhvani) has three varieties. In this 诲丑惫补苍颈-办腻惫测补, the implied sense can be suggestive.

Commentary:

In the 诲丑惫补苍颈-办腻惫测补 called alak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-krama (rasa-腻诲颈), a 惫测补产丑颈肠腻谤颈-产丑腻惫补 can suggest a rasa, but only in conjunction with 惫颈产丑腻惫补蝉 and so on. Still, a 惫测补产丑颈肠腻谤颈-产丑腻惫补 can suggest some other idea: On that occasion, the 惫测补产丑颈肠腻谤颈-产丑腻惫补 is considered in its form as a vastu (the words that express the effect of that 惫测补产丑颈肠腻谤颈产丑腻惫补) (e.g. 碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补 verse 60) to facilitate the rule that a suggestive factor is either a vastu, a vastu-dhvani, an 补濒补峁卥腻谤补, or an 补濒补峁卥腻谤补-dhvani.

The difference between 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 (the force of a word or of the words) and artha-艣补办迟颈 (the force of a meaning or of the meanings) is that if the implied sense is not altered by replacing a word of the text with a synonym, the force of that word is classed as artha-艣补办迟颈. By contrast, 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 is so called because the suggestive word is more important than its meaning, since the word cannot be replaced, even with a synonym, without altering the implied sense. Thus the common element between 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 and 艣腻产诲墨 惫测补帽箩补苍腻 (Suggestiveness based on a word) (2.35) is that the word is more important than its meaning (2.40).

The third category, ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-bh奴 (arisen by 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 and by artha-艣补办迟颈), is so called because 艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈 occurs in one part of the text and artha-艣补办迟颈 occurs in another, and both are equally suggestive.

In the terminology, various synonyms are used. Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra prefers the term 艣补办迟颈-bh奴, which is seen in an upcoming 蝉奴迟谤补 (4.75). In deference to him, the present writer standardized the translations as much as possible. These words are synonymous: ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-bh奴 dhvani, ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-udbhava dhvani, dvi-艣补办迟颈-udbhava dhvani, 艣abd膩rtha-艣补办迟颈-udbhava dhvani, ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-uttha dhvani, ubhaya-艣补办迟颈-尘奴濒补 dhvani, and so on.

The three categories鈥�艣补产诲补-艣补办迟颈, artha-艣补办迟颈, and ubhaya-艣补办迟颈鈥攁re included in the aforesaid poetical category called 惫腻肠测补-惫补颈艣颈峁ａ弓测补 (the specialty of the literal meanings) (3.2). Many other specialties, such as time and place, are simply subcategories of 惫腻肠测补-惫补颈艣颈峁ａ弓测补 (Commentary 3.3).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

This preliminary is not in 碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补. Mamma峁璦 does not use the term lak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-krama anywhere in this section. The wording lak峁�ya-惫测补峁単测补-krama refers to first-rate poetry whereas the wording 濒补办峁�y补-办谤补尘补-惫测补峁単测补 refers to a first-rate implied sense.

[2]:

In general, the word dhvani means either: sound, echo, or implied sense, depending on the context, yet in poetical theory, dhvani only means 鈥渋mplied sense.鈥� 艢谤墨惫补迟蝉补-濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 Bha峁�峁�膩c膩rya glosses 补苍耻蝉惫腻苍补 as pratidhvani (echo), and so does Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺. Similarly, 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补 glosses 补苍耻蝉惫腻苍补 as 补苍耻谤补峁嘺苍补 (echo) (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补-darpa峁嘺 4.37): Throughout 顿丑惫补苍测腻濒辞办补, 膧苍补苍诲补惫补谤诲丑补苍补 used the term 补苍耻谤补峁嘺苍补 as a synonym of 蝉补峁僱补办峁�y补-krama-vya峁単ya (vastu-dhvani or 补濒补峁卥腻谤补-dhvani).