Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada D膩sa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana鈥檚 Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata鈥檚 Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
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Text 4.21
啶膏啷嵿-啶掂た啶氞啶啶むた啶� 啶啶班さ啶距じ啶�, 啶む啷�-啶溹い啷嵿さ啶距う啷� 啶掂た啶啶班げ啶啶啶洁お啶� 啶むぅ啷嬥啷嵿く啶む. 啶� 啶� 啶曕た啶炧啶氞た啶︵-啶︵啶�-啶膏啶︵啶�-啶椸ぎ啶ㄠぞ啶む 啶︵啶掂啶оぞ. 啶むい啷嵿ぐ啶距う啷嵿く啷� 啶ぅ啶�,
sa峁単a-vicyuti岣� 辫谤补惫腻蝉补岣�, taj-jatv膩d vipralambho'pi tathocyate. sa ca ki帽cid-d奴ra-sud奴ra-gaman膩t dvedh膩. tatr膩dyo yath膩,
When two lovers cease to meet, that is called 辫谤补惫腻蝉补. Vipralambha (separation) is also stated in that way because vipralambha is generated from it. This kind of vipralambha has two subvarieties: One of the lovers has gone either a little far away or very far away.
This is an example of the first variety:
诲丑补苍测腻岣� sma m奴岣峢a-gatayo鈥檖i hari峁噛a et膩 y膩 nanda-nandanam 耻辫腻迟迟补-vicitra-惫别峁尘 |
腻办补谤峁噛补 惫别峁嘘-ra峁噄ta峁� saha-办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣� p奴j膩峁� dadhur viracit膩峁� pra峁嘺y膩valokai岣� ||
诲丑补苍测腻岣�鈥攆ortunate (or worthy of the wealth [of love][1]); sma鈥�(a verse filler); m奴岣峢a-gataya岣� api鈥攁lthough their movements are indolent (or although their intelligence is dull); 丑补谤颈峁噛补岣�鈥攄辞别蝉; 别迟腻岣�鈥攖丑别蝉别; 测腻岣�鈥攚hich [does]; nanda-nandanam鈥擭anda鈥檚 son; 耻辫腻迟迟补-vicitra-惫别峁尘鈥攂y whom an amazing attire was taken; 腻办补谤峁噛补鈥攁fter hearing; 惫别峁嘘-谤补峁噄迟补尘鈥攖he sound of the flute; saha-办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣�鈥攁ccompanied by the 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤补 deer (鈥渢hey for whom K峁涐梗峁嘺 is best鈥� or 鈥渢hey who cause [their wives] go to K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥�); p奴j膩m dadhu岣�鈥攖hey did an homage; 惫颈谤补肠颈迟腻尘鈥攑别谤蹿辞谤尘别诲; 辫谤补峁嘺测补-补惫补濒辞办补颈岣�鈥攚ith sidelong looks of love.
Although slow-witted, these does have become fortunate. Upon hearing the sound of the flute, they, who were with their mates, the 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤补 deer, paid homage, performed with sidelong glances of love, to Him, Nanda鈥檚 son, who had donned a colorful attire.
Alternatively: Although their movements become indolent upon hearing the sound of the flute, these does accompanied by the 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤补 bucks have become worthy of the wealth of prema. The does showed courteous regard, performed with sidelong glances of love, to Nanda-nandana, who was wearing an amazing apparel. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补尘 10.21.11)
Commentary:
痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 颁补办谤补惫补谤迟墨 comments:
ki帽ca, t膩岣� saha-办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣� patibhi岣� sahit膩 eva. ayam 补谤迟丑补岣�, 办峁涐梗峁嘺 eva 辫谤墨迟颈-vi峁yatvena s膩ro ye峁Ｄ佱箖 te yath膩rtha-n膩m膩nas t膩s膩峁� pataya岣� sva-patn墨岣� k峁涐梗峁嚹乶ur膩gi峁嚹玶 膩lak峁a sva-g膩rhasthyam eva 诲丑补苍测补峁� 尘腻苍补测补苍迟辞 鈥�tih峁涐梗yanto岣� anvanugacchatas t膩岣� 办峁涐梗峁嘺m abhi蝉腻谤补yanti, asmat-patayas tu 办峁涐梗峁嘺-gandh膩y膩pi druhyanti, dhig asmaj-j墨vitam iti.
鈥淢oreover, the does are only with the mates (saha-办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣� = patibhi岣� sahit膩岣� eva). The gist is as follows: 鈥淸The 驳辞辫墨蝉 say:] The bucks, for whom the best one, in terms of being an object of affection, is only K峁涐梗峁嘺 (办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣� = 办峁涐梗峁嘺 eva 辫谤墨迟颈-vi峁yatvena s膩ro ye峁Ｄ佱箖 te), are suitably named and are the mates of those does. Perceiving that their wives had 补苍耻谤腻驳补 for K峁涐梗峁嘺, they, who were thrilled by considering being a husband a blessed state, made them, who were following, approach K峁涐梗峁嘺 (办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤腻岣� = t膩岣� 办峁涐梗峁嘺m abhi蝉腻谤补yanti). However, our husbands are hostile even to K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 scent. Fie on our lives!鈥濃�� (厂腻谤腻谤迟丑补-诲补谤艣颈苍墨 10.21.11)
The word 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤补 is the name of a particular kind of antelope, thus here 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 颁补办谤补惫补谤迟墨 explains two implied double meanings of the word 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉腻谤补.
Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁峁嘺 expounds an implied vyatireka ornament (contrast):
sumatayo鈥檖i vaya峁� trap膩dharma-bhay膩t 办腻苍迟补尘 anabhisarantya岣� sva-janma viphalay膩mas trap膩dih墨n膩s tu m奴岣峢a-matayo鈥檖i janma saphalayant墨ty an测腻岣� 辫谤腻丑耻岣�, 诲丑补苍测腻 iti,
鈥淥迟丑别谤 驳辞辫墨蝉 speak this verse, 鈥淭hough we are witty, we, who are not approaching our lover due to bashfulness and also due to fear of moral ethics, are making our lives unsuccessful. However, the does, who are shameless, are making their lives successful although they are slow-witted鈥濃�� (痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫腻苍补苍诲颈苍墨 10.21.11).
The verse falls in the category of 谤补蝉腻产丑腻蝉补 (semblance of a rasa) because animals are an aspect of the 腻濒补尘产补苍补. This is a deformity in the 惫颈产丑腻惫补 aspect of the rasa,[2] although the 驳辞辫墨蝉 are only superimposing their own prema (love) unto the does. Therefore below Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁峁嘺 gives another example.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
The rule is: da峁囜笉膩dibhyo ya-谤腻尘补岣�, 鈥淭he affix ya is applied after the word 诲补峁囜笉补 and so on [in the meaning of tad arhati, 鈥渉e/ she/ it deserves that鈥漖鈥� (Hari-苍腻尘腻尘峁泃补-惫测腻办补谤补峁嘺 1191) (da峁囜笉膩dibhya岣�, A峁ａ弓膩dhy膩y墨 5.1.66). In the elaboration,闯墨惫补 骋辞蝉惫腻尘墨 specifies that the word dhanya (one worthy of wealth), from the word dhana, is included: da峁囜笉ya岣� vadhya岣� ka艣ya岣� 测耻驳测补岣� mu峁lya岣� madhuparkya岣� 补谤驳丑测补岣� 尘别诲丑测补岣� 诲丑补苍测补岣�. (HNV 1191 惫峁泃迟颈)