Timira, վ: 32 definitions
Introduction:
Timira means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Timir.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexTimira (तिमि�).—The God of night.*
- * Vyu-puṇa 108. 32.
Timira (तिमि�) refers to the “darkness in the forest�, according to the 峾ⲹṇa chapter 2.28. Accordingly:—“[...] soothening with kind words to Sīt, when eyes were blemished with tears, the virtuous Rma spoke again as follows, for the purpose of waking her turn back: ‘[...] In the forest, air (ٲ) and darkness (timira) are too much. There are always hunger and great fears too. Hence, dwelling in a forest is very much a misery’�.
: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical studyTimira (तिमि�) is the name of one of the seven sages (ٲṣi) in the dzṣa-ѲԱԳٲ: the second of the fourteen Manvantaras, according to the 10th century ܰܰṇa: one of the various Upapuṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, “In this second [Svrociṣa] Manvantara the deities are the Tuṣitas, Vipaścit is the name of the Indra, and Ūrja, Stambha, Pṇa, Dnta, Ṛṣabha, Timira and Srvarivn (Arvarīvn?) are the seven sages�.

The Purana (पुरा�, puṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kathsaritsgaraվ (तिमिरा) is the name of a city, described as “the dwelling of the Goddess of Prosperity�, according to the Kathsaritsgara, chapter 17. In this city lives king Vihitasena with his wife Tejovatī whose story was told by Yaugandhayaṇa to king Udayana in order to settle the mind of queen Vsavadatt.
The Kathsaritsgara (‘ocean of streams of story�), mentioning վ, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇḍhya’s Bṛhatkath consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

Kavya (काव्�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry� and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry�.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaTimira (तिमि�) refers to “cataract� and is one of the various diseases mentioned in the 15th-century Yogasrasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasrasaṃgraha [mentioning timira] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (ṣaⲹ-첹貹) which is a branch of pharmacology (ⲹṇa).

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramTimira (तिमि�) refers to the “darkness� (of My), according to the Manthnabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjik.—Accordingly, “[...] Above, in the reality without defects, (she is) the will () which is the Gander (ṃs i.e. Unstruck Sound). She knows the mantra, which is mad with the passion for expansion. She is the power of consciousness (cicchakti) and her nature is consciousness. Established in the End of the Sixteen, she pervades the Void and discerns (cinoti) (reality) in the Darkness [i.e., timira] (of My). [...]�.

Shakta (शाक्�, śkta) or Shaktism (śktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTimira (तिमि�) refers to “darkness�, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhit (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Vahamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the solar or lunar disc should be just dimmed by darkness [i.e., timira] all round which disappears immediately, the eclipse is technically known as Leha (licking): all creatures will be happy and the earth will be flooded with water. If a third, or a fourth, or one half of the disc should be eclipsed, it is technically known as Grasana (seizing with the mouth) grasa—partial eclipse: the wealth of prosperous princes will suffer diminution and prosperous countries will be afflicted with calamities�.

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismTimira is a Sanskrit medical term used in Ayurveda meaning "darkness of vision".
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraTimira (तिमि�) refers to “shadows� and represents one of the various types of ܱ貹Բ (comparisons). Cf. ṇa, and the Mahprajñpramitśstra (chapter XI).—Accordingly to the Vajracchedik, p. 46, “The conditioned should be thought to be like a star in space, shadows [i.e., timira], a lamp, hoarfrost, a water bubble, a dream, a flash of lightning a cloud� (Cf. the Khotanese commentary in Hoernle, Remains, p. 287.)
: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchTimira (तिमि�) refers to “blindness�, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcch: the eighth chapter of the Mahsaṃnipta (a collection of Mahyna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] That which can never be grasped is ‘profound�. The self has never been grasped by any Buddha. Why is that? The self is originally pure, and just as the self is pure, so all dharmas are pure. Why do we say ‘pure�? Since any dharma is unoriginated and beyond origination, not ceased, and beyond cessation, it is called ‘pure�. In what is beyond darkness, beyond manifestation, without basis and blindness (timira), in what is the deep and highest truth, there is no sight or cessation of sight, up to and including no mind or cessation of mind, that is the space of objects where there is no calculation.. [...]�.

Mahayana (महायान, mahyna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñpramit ūٰ.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara SamadhiTimira (तिमि�) refers to “darkness�, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (ṇḍԲ) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samdhi, which refers to the primary ū and practice of Newah Mahyna-Vajrayna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “In praise (of) Śrī Vajrasattva, highest universal guru, origin of all Buddhas, By various forms, removing darkness and fear [e.g., پ-ⲹ-�], fixed resting on Meru. Dharma sustainer, chief sage, most fortunate victor, Vajradhtu mandala, In one form with all bliss, innate bliss, embodied, the cause for liberation�.

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (Բ) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
: archive.org: Researches On Ptolemys Geography Of Eastern AsiaTimira and Tamala, it must he premised, are Sanskrit words of almost identical meaning. In the Bengal recension of the 峾ⲹṇa, after a reference to the Aṃgas (people of Camp, now Bhgalpur); the Lauhitya River (Brahmaputra); the Kitas (people of Tipperah and Silhet, Ptolemy’s Kirrhadia); lands rich with silver-mines (Argyra), and mount Mandara (Maiandros = Arakan Roma), there isa mention of the city of Timira abounding with gold and where silkworms are reared. These two peculiarities help us admirably in fixing the position of Timira in the region between the Arakan and Pegu Romas; that is, in the lower valley of the Ivatī, celebrated both by eastern andwestern classics as the Golden Region, and known as the seat of a people, the Zabaings or Zamengs, noted for silkworm breeding. And as the name Timira conveys the same meaning as Ptolemy’s Temala or Tamala (Tamla), there should be no doubt left as to both designations belonging to tte one and the same city occupying a position close to, or on the very site of, the present Bassein, as set forth above.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Timira in India is the name of a plant defined with Dactyloctenium aegyptium in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Eleusine pectinata Moench (among others).
2) Timira is also identified with Lawsonia inermis It has the synonym Rotantha combretoides Bak. (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Mexicanas Plantas (1886)
· Fundamenta Agrostographiae (1820)
· Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. (1959)
· Flora Boreali-Americana (1803)
· Grasses of Ceylon (1956)
· Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (1900)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Timira, for example health benefits, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, chemical composition, side effects, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarytimira : (nt.) darkness. (adj.), dark.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryTimira, (adj.) (Sk. timira fr. tim=tam (as in tamas), to which also belong tibba 2 & tintiṇti. This is to be distinguished from tim in temeti to (be or) make wet. See tama) dark; nt. darkness Vv 323 (t. -tamba); J. III, 189 (t. -rukkha); vanatimira a flower J. IV, 285; V, 182. (Page 303)
: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionarytimira (တိမိ�) [(pu,na) (ပု၊�)]�
[timu+ira.timu temane (addabhve.nīti,dh�131).timanti etthagenti tinisa�,timiraṃ.pubbeva irapaccayo�,ṭī.7va.tima+kira.temetīti timira�,andhakraṃ� po ca.ṇvdi�149.]
[တိမ�+ဣရ။ တိမ� တေမန� (အဒ္ဒဘာဝေ။ နီတိ၊ ဓာ။ ၁၃�)� တိမန္တ� ဧတ္ထရာဂေနာတ� တိနိသံ၊ တိမိရံ။ ပုဗ္ဗေ� ဣရပစ္စယော။ ဓာန်၊ ဋီ။ ၇ဝ။ တိ�+ကိရ။ တေမေတီတ� တိမိရံ၊ အန္ဓကာရ�,အာပေ� စ။ ဏွာဒိ။ ၁၄၉။]
[Pali to Burmese]
: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မ� အဘိဓာန�)پ�
(Burmese text): (�) ကျည်းပင်။ (�) တိမိရဝဂ်။ (�) (�) အမိုက�-မှောင�-တိုက်။ (�) ကျည်�-ပွင့�-ပန်း။ (�) ဆီးနှင်း။ တိမိရဝလာဟက-ကြည့်။ (�) မျက်စိရောဂါ။ တိမိရကာ�-ကြည့်။ (�) ရေ။ (�) မီးခိုး။ တိမိရပိင်္ဂ�-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Sedge. (2) Timi Rawag. (3) Amok-Mong-Strike. (4) Sedge-Bloom-Flower. (5) Bathed. Timi Rawalahak - Look. (6) Eye Disease. Timi Raka - Look. (7) Water. (G) Ash. Timi Rapingal - Look.

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytimira (तिमि�).—n S Darkness. 2 Blindness from affection of the optic nerve.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishtimira (तिमि�).�n Darkness.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTimira (तिमि�).�n. [tim-kirac] Dark; विन्यस्यन्ती� दृशौ तिमिरे पथ� (vinyasyantī� dṛśau timire pathi) Gītagovinda 5; बभूवुस्तिमिर� दिशः (babhūvustimi diśa�) Mb.
-ra�, -ram 1 Darkness; तन्नैश� तिमिरमपाकरोत� चन्द्र� (tannaiśa� timiramapkaroti candra�) Ś.6.3; Kumrasambhava 4.II; Śiśuplavadha 4.57.
3) Blindness; तेजोमय� तिमिरदोषहत� हि चक्षुः (tejomaya� timiradoṣahata� hi cakṣu�) Rj. T.4.314.
3) Iron-rust.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryTimira (तिमि�).�m. (compare Sanskrit °ra, nt., darkness; obscuration of vision, an eye-disease), veiling illusion: °ro mṛgatṛṣṇ� v svapno vandhyprasūyatam ṅk屹-ūٰ 9.2 (verse); in prec. line my etc.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryTimira (तिमि�).—n.
(-�) 1. Darkness. 2. Gutta serena, total blindness from affection of the optic nerve. E. tim to be damp, or tam to give pain, kirac Unadi affix, in the latter case, it is inserted.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTimira (तिमि�).� (akin to tamas, perhaps for original tam + ira), I. adj., f. , Dark, [峾ⲹṇa] 6, 16, 104. Ii. m. and n. 1. Darkness, [峾ⲹṇa] 2, 28, 18. 2. A class of diseases of the eye, [śܳٲ] 1, 32, 4. 3. A certain plant, [Vahamihira's Bṛhajjtaka.] S. 54, 11. Iii. n. The name of a town, [峾ⲹṇa] 4, 40, 26.
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վī (तिमी�).—m. A certain tree, [峾ⲹṇa] 3, 21, 19.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryTimira (तिमि�).—[adjective] dark, gloomy; [neuter] darkness, dimness of the eyes.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Timira (तिमि�):—mf()n. ([from] tamar [Old [German] demar] = tamas) dark, gloomy, [Mahbhrata vi, 2379; 峾ⲹṇa vi, 16, 104]
2) = -nayana, [Vaha-mihira’s Bṛhajjtaka xx, 1 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
3) m. a sort of aquatic plant (cf. -vana), [Vaha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhit lv, 11]
4) n. darkness (also [plural]), [Yjñavalkya iii, 172; Mahbhrata] etc. (ifc. f(). , [峾ⲹṇa v, 10, 2; Kathsaritsgara xviii])
5) n. darkness of the eyes, partial blindness (a class of morbid affections of the coats [貹ṭa] of the eye), [śܳٲ i, iii, v f.; Aṣṭṅga-hṛdaya vi, 13; Rjataraṅgiṇ� iv, 314]
6) iron-rust, [Nighaṇṭuprakśa]
7) Name of a town, [峾ⲹṇa iv, 40, 26]
8) վ (तिमिरा):—[from timira] f. another town, [Kathsaritsgara xvii, 33]
9) Timira (तिमि�):�cf. vi-, sa-.
10) վī (तिमी�):�m. Name of a tree (cf. mira), [峾ⲹṇa iii, 21, 19; v, 74, 3.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryTimira (तिमि�):�(�) 1. n. Darkness; blindness, gutta serena, total blindness.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Timira (तिमि�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Timira.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryTimira (तिमि�) [Also spelled timir]:�(nm) darkness; ~[maya] dark, full of darkness.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryTimira (तिमि�) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Timira.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTimira (ತಿಮಿ�):�
1) [noun] an uneasy or restless desire or longing.
2) [noun] offensive display of superiority or self-importance; overbearing pride; arrogance; haughtiness; insolence.
3) [noun] a strong man.
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Timira (ತಿಮಿ�):�
1) [noun] absence of light; darkness.
2) [noun] a morbid affection of the eye.
3) [noun] a class of qualities as offensiveness, aggressiveness, meanness, greed, lust, moral impurity, etc., as one of the three main types of qualities.
4) [noun] keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss; sharp sorrow.
5) [noun] (astrol.) Rhu, the mythological demon and one of the nine planets, which is believed to cause eclipse.
6) [noun] the condition or quality of being ignorant; lack of knowledge; ignorance.
7) [noun] the tendency of cheating.
8) [noun] a mistake; an error; a defect.
9) [noun] inability to see; blindness; sightlessness.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+7): Timiracandrika, Timiracchid, Timiradarshana, Timiradosha, Timiragannu, Timiraghurna, Timirah, Timiraksha, Timirakula, Timirakulata, Timiranashana, Timiranayana, Timirapaha, Timirapatala, Timirapingala, Timirapratishedha, Timirapuga, Timirapupphiya, Timirariripu, Timiraroga.
Full-text (+87): Timiraripu, Vitimira, Meghatimira, Nistimira, Timirari, Ghanatimira, Timiranud, Timiramaya, Taimirika, Pradoshatimira, Timirapatala, Timirah, Timiranashana, Timirakaca, Timirata, Timirapuppha, Daratimira, Timiranayana, Kilesatimira, Timiram.
Relevant text
Search found 62 books and stories containing Timira, վ, վī, Timu-ira; (plurals include: Timiras, վs, վīs, iras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CC - Various other medicinal Recipes (continued) < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CXCIV - Medical treatments of Sinus etc < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CLXXI - The Nidanam of diseases of the eyes < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvmī)
Verse 2.1.158 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhva)]
Verse 1.3.60 < [Part 3 - Devotional Service in Ecstasy (bhva-bhakti)]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Management of timira (presbyopia) in ayurveda- a review < [2022: Volume 11, October special issue 14]
Asthenopia (Dwitiya Patalgat Timira) and Triphaladi management case study < [2020: Volume 9, September special issue 11]
Tarpana with phaltrikadi ghrita for managing presbyopia timira. < [2023: Volume 12, June issue 9]
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
A conceptual study of prathama and dwitiya patalagata timira correlated with simple myopia < [2020, Issue 5, May]
Concept of dwitiya patalgata timira in ayurveda with modern counterpart: a review < [2022, Issue 07 July]
Akshadi taila nasya and viddhakarma in the management of prath-amapatalagatatimira - a pilot study < [2021, Issue 8, August]