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Nirmana, ṇa, Բ: 23 definitions

Introduction:

Nirmana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Nirman.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Purana glossary
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

ṇa (निर्मा�) refers to the “creation (of a sacred text—Śāstra)�, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.4 (“The Tripuras are initiated).—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu said to his self-created Puruṣa: “[...] O you who wield Māyā, create a deceptive sacred text of sixteen hundred thousand verses, contrary to Śrutis and Smṛtis wherein Varṇas and Āśramas shall be eschewed. Let that holy text be in Apabhraṃśa lauguage. Let there be emphasis on actions. You shall strain yourself to extend it further. I shall bestow on you the ability to create (Ծṇa) it. Different kinds of magic arts shall be subservient to you�.

Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुरा�, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Dhiti blog: The Navakalevara Ceremony at Puri

ṇa (निर्मा�) refers to the “carving (of images)�.�Navakalevara is the name of a festival (symbolizing the cycle of birth, death and re-birth) which is celebrated at Puri: a sacred site home to the eternal abode of Śrī Բٳ (a form of Śrī Kṛṣṇa).—Բٳ� is made of (wood) because a image cuts up the miseries of the world and imparts eternal bliss. [...] [After Բٰ]—The temple is closed to the public for six weeks while the next phase of rites take place. In the first two weeks, the icons of the Jagannath triad are carved (Ծṇa) by the ṇās behind closed doors, in a special ṇḍ貹 called the Ծṇaṇḍ貹 within the temple. No other person, Brahmins notwithstanding, is allowed to enter this pavilion during this time, to see or even hear the act of carving (Ծṇa).

Vaishnavism book cover
context information

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).

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Vastushastra (architecture)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (vastu)

1) ṇa (निर्मा�) refers to the “building (of the temple parts)�, as discussed in chapter 4 (Kriyāpāda) of the ʲ峾ṃh: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter�ñԲ, yoga, and ) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [śikhara-Ծṇaprakāra]:—[...] Having gathered the building materials to be used in the proper way, giving attention to all details of quality, etc. (29-35), the construction will begin with the basement elements and will proceed to the other parts of the upper structure, adding embellishments, subsidiary features and storeys according to the pre-arranged plan. The maximum height will be twelve storeys (36-45). [...]

2) ṇa (निर्मा�) refers to the “construction� (of temples), as discussed in chapter 21 of the վś峾ٰṃh: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (īṣ�) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.—Description of the chapter [prāsāda-Ծṇa]: Kāśyapa asks for an abridged treatment of how to provide an abode for the Lord []. Viśvāmitra eulogizes any efforts connected with temple-constructions (prāsāda-Ծṇa) (1-3). (Temple structures are good/better/best depending on whether constructed of wood or mud, of bricks, or of stones (4-5a). The preliminary rites should commence only on an auspicious day after selecting a site, it should be marked off with pegs-and-strings, and ٳܳdz rites attended to (5b-25). [...]

Vastushastra book cover
context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्�, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

ṇa (निर्मा�, “metamorphosis�) refers to one of the ten comparisons (ܱ貹Բ) according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 11 (also see chapter 28 part 4.9). These ܱ貹Բs represent a quality of the Bodhisattvas, accompanying the Buddha at Ჹṛh on the ṛdūṭa貹ٲ. The accepted that dharmas are like a metamorphosis (Ծṇa).

The fourteen minds of metamorphosis (Ծṇacitta) accomplish eight kinds of Ծṇa:

  1. reducing to the size of an atom (),
  2. enlarging to the point of filling up space (ś).
  3. becoming as light as the feather of a crane (dz),
  4. exercising sovereignty (śٱ첹ṇa) by growing bigger, shrinking, lengthening, narrowing, etc.,
  5. possessing the Indrabala, the power that surpasses that of humans,
  6. being far distant and coming close,
  7. making the earth shake (kampana),
  8. obtaining whatever one desires.

There are four other kinds of Ծṇa: (1) In the realm of desire (峾ٳ), substances (dravya) can be transformed by means of herbs (ṣa), precious objects (ratnadravya) and magical means; (2) beings endowed with the superknowledges (ñ) can transform substances by their magical power (ṛd󾱲); (3) the devas, nāgas, asuras, etc., can transform substances by means of the power of retribution () of their previous lifetimes; (4) beings rewarded in a lifetime in the form realm (ū貹ٳ) can transform substances by the power of concentration (󾱲).

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagñaparipṛcchā

Բ (निर्मा�) refers to the “absence of pride�, according to the Gaganagñaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Ratnapāṇi said: ‘Son of good family, what are those eight dharmas included in?� Gaganagña said: ‘Son of good family, these eight dharmas are included in sixteen dharmas. What are these sixteen? To wit, (1) honest is included in calmness and gentleness; (2) clarity is included in the absence of pride (ԾԲ) and the absence of guile; (3) the absence of fabrication is included in the great friendliness and the great compassion; (4) the pure intention is included in the purity of body and thought; [...]’�.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā ūٰ.

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Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: archive.org: The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Graham Coleman)

ṇa (निर्मा�) or ṇakāya refers to �(the Buddha-body of) Emanation� and is associated with the “vase empowerment� (Tibetan: bum-dbang) which represents one of the �Four Empowerments� of the Unsurpassed Yoga Tantras (including Mahāyoga) which are also known in Sanskrit as ٳܰṣe첹.—The vase empowerment (bum-dbang) purifies the ordinary body and its energy channels into the Buddha-body of Emanation (Ծṇa-kāya).

: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala

ṇa (निर्मा�, “emanation�) or ṇaṭa refers to the fourth layer of the ܰ첹ṇḍ: a large-scale and elaborate ṇḍ of Heruka, consisting of 986 deities, as found in the Ḍākṇa chapter 15.—The ܰ첹ṇḍ consists of four layers (ṭa) consisting of concentric circles (cakra, totally one lotus at the center and 12 concentric circles, that is, 13 circles in total).

The Fourth layer (Ծṇa-ṭa, ‘emanation�) consists of:

  1. The mind circle (cittacakra),
  2. The word circle (),
  3. The body circle ().
Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (Բ) are collected indepently.

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Jainism glossary
: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmas

ṇa (निर्मा�) refers to “formation karma� and represents one of the various kinds of , or “physique-making (karmas)�, which represents one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8. What is meant by formation (Ծṇa) body-making () karma? The karma rise of which causes development of pride for family, caste, wealth, power, knowledge, physical beauty, austerities and influence as well as lack of humility towards others is called formation body-making karma.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Marathi glossary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

Ծṇa (निर्मा�).—p S Created: also made, produced, effected gen.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

Ծṇa (निर्मा�).�p Created; made, produced.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�).�1 Measuring, meting out; यतश्चाध्वकालनिर्माणम� (yataścādhvakālaԾṇam) P.I.4.31 Vārt.

2) Measure, reach, extent; अयमप्राप्त- निर्माणः (ayamaprāpta- Ծṇa�) () Rām. 'not having reached the full measure of growth'.

3) Producing, forming, making, creation, formation, manufacture; त्रैलोक्यनिर्माणकर� जनित्रम् (trailokyaԾṇakara� janitram) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 5.71.7; ईदृश� निर्माणभाग� परिणतः (īdṛśo Ծṇabhāga� pariṇata�) Uttararāmacarita 4.

4) A creation, created thing or object, form; निर्माणमेव हि तदाद�- लालनीयम� (Ծṇameva hi tadādara- lālanīyam) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 9.49.

5) A shape, make, figure; शरी�- निर्माणसदृशो नन्वस्यानुभावः (śarīra- Ծṇasadṛśo nanvasyānubhāva�) Mv.1.

6) Composition, work.

7) A building.

8) A part, portion.

9) Essence, pith, marrow.

1) (With Buddhists) Transformation.

11) Happening, birth; पूर्वनिर्माणबद्ध� हि कालस्य गतिरीदृशी (pūrvaԾṇabaddhā hi kālasya gatirīdṛś�) Rām. 7.16.2.

-ṇ� Fitness, propriety, decorum.

Derivable forms: Ծṇam (निर्माणम�).

--- OR ---

Բ (निर्मा�).�a.

1) without self-confidence.

2) free from pride.

Բ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms nir and Բ (मा�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�).�nt. (compare Pali nimԲ, in [compound] issara-ni° hetu, supernatural creation), a magical creation, usually concrete, and used as symbol of unreality: (samāsato nirvastuka�) Ծṇa� ǻ󾱲ٳٱū 63.24 (definition of the word), in brief, a magic-creation is what has no material basis; (sarvadharma-māyā-svapna-) pratibhāsa-pratiśrutko- dakacandra-pratibimba-Ծṇa-samatayā ٲśū첹ūٰ 47.14; sarvatathāgata-nirmāṇāny Ҳṇḍū 469.1; dharmasya nirmā- ṇam ivopaviṣṭam Buddhacarita x.19, (the Bodhisattva) sitting like a magic-image of dharma, i.e. a ‘pٳܰ� of Dh. (otherwise Johnston,�magically projected by Dh.; Weller, wie eine übernatürliche Schöpfung des Gesetzes; Tibetan chos kyi (gen.) sprul pa, which seems to support my interpretation).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�) or Nirmmāṇa.—n.

(-ṇa�) 1. Manufacture, production, making. 2. Pith, marrow, essence. 3. Propriety, fitness. E. nir before, mi to measure, affix bhāve lyu�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�).—i. e. nis-mā + ana, n. 1. Measure, [峾ⲹṇa] 3, 42, 24 (in a-vyakta-, vb. ñ, adj., Not fullgrown). 2. A part, 4, 44, 44. 3. Forming, creating, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 91, 13. 4. Work, [峾ⲹṇa] 4, 40, 54.

--- OR ---

Բ (निर्मा�).—adj. free from pride, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 95.

Բ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms nis and Բ (मा�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�).—[neuter] measuring, measure; making, production, creation, work.

--- OR ---

Բ (निर्मा�).—[adjective] free from pride or egoism.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Բ (निर्मा�):—[=nir-Բ] [from nir > ni�] mfn. without self-confidence, free from pride, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature]

2) ṇa (निर्मा�):—[=Ծ-ṇa] [from Ծ-] n. measuring, measure, reach, extent (often, mfn. ifc.), [Harivaṃśa; 峾ⲹṇa]

3) [v.s. ...] forming, making, creating, creation, building, composition, work (ifc. ‘made of� [Suśruta]), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

4) [v.s. ...] (with, [Buddhist literature]) transformation

5) [v.s. ...] pith, the best of anything (= ), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] = asamñasa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�):—[Ծ-ṇa] (ṇa�) 1. n. Manufacture, making; pith, essence; fitness.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

ṇa (निर्मा�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇiṇa, Ṇiṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Hindi glossary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�) [Also spelled nirman]:�(nm) construction; creation; manufacture; ~[ṇa-ⲹ] construction work; ~[ṇa-] architecture; ~[ṇaś] a workshop, factory; ~[ṇāt첹] formative;constructive; manufacturing; ~[ṇāvٳ] formative/constructive stage.

context information

...

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Kannada-English dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Kannada glossary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Nirmana (ನಿರ್ಮನ):—[noun] absence of interest or concern in, curiosity about, etc.; apathy; indifference.

--- OR ---

ṇa (ನಿರ್ಮಾ�):�

1) [noun] the act of measuring; measurement.

2) [noun] extent, quality or size as determined by measuring; dimension.

3) [noun] the act or process of constructing; construction.

4) [noun] a creating or being created; creation.

5) [noun] (jain.) formation of different organs of the body as eyes, nose, etc. in the foetus stage.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Nepali dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Nirmana in Nepali glossary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

ṇa (निर्मा�):—n. 1. building; construction; formation; manufacture; 2. a created thing/object;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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