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Shukti, Śܰپ, ūپ, Su-ukti: 24 definitions

Introduction:

Shukti means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Śܰپ can be transliterated into English as Sukti or Shukti, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

Śܰپ (शुक्ति) refers to a unit of measurement of weight (1 śܰپ equals 24mg; 2 śܰپs = 1 pala = 48g), as defined in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasāraṃg [mentioning śܰپ] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (󲹾ṣaⲹ-첹貹) which is a branch of pharmacology (ⲹṇa).

A relative overview of weight-units is found below, śܰپ indicated in bold. In case of liquids, the metric equivalents would be the corresponding litre and milliliters.

1 Ratti or Guñjā = 125mg,
8 Rattis - 1 Māṣa = 1g,
4 Māṣa - 1 Kaḻañc = 4g,
12 Māṣas - 1 Karṣa = 12g,
1 Karṣa /Akṣa - 1 Niṣka = 12g,
2 Karṣas - 1 Śܰپ = 24g,
2 Śܰپ - 1 Pala = 48g,
2 Palas - 1 Prasṛti = 96g,
2 Prasṛtis - 1 Kuḍava = 192g,
2 Kuḍava - 1 Mānikā = 384g,
2 Mānikās - 1 Prastha (Seru) = 768g,
4 Prasthas - 1 Āḍhaka (Kaṃsa) = 3.072kg,
4 Āḍhakas or Kalaśas - 1 Droṇa = 12.288kg,
2 Droṇas - 1 Surpa = 24.576kg,
2 Surpas - 1 Droṇ� (Vahi) = 49.152kg,
4 Droṇīs - 1 Khari = 196.608kg,
1 Pala = 48g,
100 Palas - 1 Tulā = 4.8kg,
20 Tulās - 1 Bhāra = 96kg.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

1) Śܰپ (शुक्ति) is a Sanskrit word referring to the animal “pearl oyster�. The meat of this animal is part of the ṃs (‘group of flesh�), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Śܰپ is part of the sub-group named Vāriśaya, refering to animals “living in waters�. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.

2) Śܰپ (शुक्ति) is the Sanskrit name for a weight unit corresponding to �20 grams� used in Ayurvedic literature, according to the Ṣoḍaśṅgṛdⲹ. A single Śܰپ unit corresponds to 2 Karṣa units (a single Karṣa unit equals 10 gram). You need 2 Śܰپ units to make a single Pala unit (1 Pala equals 40 grams).

Below follows a table of the different weight units in relation to one another and their corresponding values in brackets:

  • Guñjā (Raktikā) = 1 seed of Guñjā
  • 8 Raktikā = 1 Māṣa (1 gram)
  • 10 Māṣa = 1 Karṣa (10 grams)
  • 2 Karṣa = 1 Śܰپ (20 grams)
  • 2 Śܰپ = 1 Pala (40 grams)
  • 2 Pala = 1 Prasṛta (80 grams)
  • 2 Prasṛta = 1 Kuḍava (Añjali) (160 grams)
  • 2 Kuḍava = 1 Śarāva (320 grams)
  • 2 Śarāva = 1 Prastha (640 grams)
  • 4 Prastha = 1 Āḍhaka (Pātra) (2.56 kilograms)
  • 4 Āḍhaka = 1 Droṇa (10.24 kilograms)
  • 4 Droṇa = 1 Droṇ� (40.96 kilograms)
  • 100 Pala = 1 Tulā (4 kilograms).
: archive.org: Sushruta samhita, Volume I

Śܰپ (शुक्ति)—Sanskrit word for an animal “oyster�. This animal is from the group called Kośastha (conchiferous: ‘those which have a shell�). Kośastha itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Ānupa (those that frequent marshy places).

: Ancient Science of Life: Vaidyavallabha: An Authoritative Work on Ayurveda Therapeutics

Śܰپ (शुक्ति) refers to “oyster shell�, the ash (bhasma) of which is mentioned as an ingredient of metallic drugs for the treatment of Śopha, as mentioned in the 17th-century Vaidyavallabha (chapter 3) written by Hastiruci.—The Vaidyavallabha is a work which deals with the treatment and useful for all 8 branches of Ayurveda. The text Vaidyavallabha (mentioning śܰپ-bhasma) has been designed based on the need of the period of the author, availability of drugs during that time, disease manifesting in that era, socio-economical-cultural-familial-spiritual-aspects of that period Vaidyavallabha.

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Śܰپ (शुक्ति):�1. A unit of Measurement; Two karshas will make one ardhapala ie. 24 g (rounded to 25 g) of metric units

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Śܰپ (शुक्ति) is the name of an ancient kingdom identified with Delhi, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 4), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If Jupiter should be eclipsed by the lunar disc the men of Gāndhāra, of Sauvīraka, of Sindhu and of Kīra (Kāśmīra) the rulers of the Draviḍa countries and Brāhmins as well as food grains and mountains will suffer for ten months. If Mars should be so eclipsed the rulers of Traigarta (Lāhora) and of Mālavā, with their fighting men in their cars, the chiefs of Kulinda, the rulers of Śibi, of Audha, of Kuru (Delhi), of Matsya and of Śܰپ will suffer for six months�.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

ūپ (सूक्ति) refers to “statements and examples (from mythological legends)�, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.36 (“The statements of the seven sages�).—Accordingly, as the Seven Sages said to Śiva: “O lord Śiva, lord of the gods, O great lord Śiva, please listen lovingly to the narration of what we, your attendants, have done. O great lord, the lord of mountains and Menā have been urged with different kinds of statements and examples (-ūپ) from mythological legends. Undoubtedly he is enlightened. Pārvatī has been betrothed to you by the lord of mountains. It is not otherwise. Now please start for the marriage with your attendants and the gods. O great god, O lord, go to the abode of Himācala and marry Pārvatī in accordance with the customs for the sake of a son�.

Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुरा�, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Shukti in Arts glossary
: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

ūپ (सूक्ति) refers to “oysters� (which were commonly the victim of hunting), according to the ŚⲹԾ첹-śٰ: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “That is called hunting by snares in which animals are killed by tricking, and in which men capture fish, conches, otters, and oysters (sūپ). Infinite are the means resorted to in this sort of hunting. It is used by low people, by the Niṣādas and others. [...]�.

Arts book cover
context information

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts�) and Shastras (“sciences�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

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Vedanta (school of philosophy)

: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita

Śܰپ (शुक्ति) refers to the “mother of pearl�, according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “[...] All this appears in me imagined due to ignorance, just as a snake appears in the rope, the mirage of water in the sunlight, and silver in mother of pearl (śܰپ) [rūpya� śܰٲu phaṇ� rajjau vāri sūryakare yathā ]. [...]�.

Vedanta book cover
context information

Vedanta (वेदान्�, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

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India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Śܰپ.—same as śatamāna (q. v.). Note: śܰپ is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

--- OR ---

Śܰپ.—same as śatamāna (q. v.). Note: śܰپ is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

śܰپ (शुक्ति).—f (S) śܰپkā f (S) A pearl-oyster. Pr. śܰپkēpāsūna mauktika. 2 A half of an oyster-shell, cockle, muscle, or other bivalvular shell.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

śܰپ (शुक्ति).�f A pearl-oyster.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śܰپ (शुक्ति).�f. [śܳ-پ ṇn.4.191

1) An oyster shell, pearl-oyster; पात्रविशेषन्यस्त� गुणान्तर� व्रजति शिल्पमाधातुः � जलमि� समुद्रशुक्तौ मुक्ताफलता� पयोदस्� (pātraviśeṣanyasta� guṇāntara� vrajati śilpamādhātu� | jalamiva samudraśܰٲu muktāphalatā� payodasya) || M.1.6; 󲹰ṛh 2.67; R. 13.17.

2) A conchshell.

3) A small shell, muscle.

4) A portion of the skull.

5) A curl of hair on a horse's breast (or neck); आवर्तिनः शुभफलप्रदशुक्तियुक्ताः (āvartina� śubhaphalapradaśܰپyuktā�) Śiśupālavadha 5.4; see Malli. thereon.

6) A kind of perfume.

7) A particular weight equal to two ṣa.

8) Hemorrhoids.

9) A bone; मुने� शुक्तिभिरुत्सिक्तो भगवत्तेजसान्वितः (mune� śܰپbhirutsikto bhagavattejasānvita�) Bhāgavata 6. 1.13.

Derivable forms: śܰپ� (शुक्ति�).

--- OR ---

ūپ (सूक्ति).�f.

1) a good or friendly speech.

2) a good or clever saying.

3) a correct sentence.

Derivable forms: sūپ� (सूक्ति�).

ūپ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and ukti (उक्त�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śܰپ (शुक्ति).—f.

(-پ�) 1. A pearl-oyster. 2. A conch. 3. A small shell. 4. A cockle. 5. A sort of perfume, in appearance a dried shell-fish. 6. A portion of the skull used as a cup, &c. 7. A curl or feather on a horse’s neck or breast. 8. A weight of two Karshas or half a Pala. 9. A disease of the cornea, formation of specks on it. E. śܳ to sorrow, &c., aff. ktin .

--- OR ---

Sukti (सुक्ति).—f.

(-پ�) 1. Friendly speech. 2. Correct exposition.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śܰپ (शुक्ति).—i. e. 2. śܳ + ti, f. 1. A perarl oyster, [ʲñٲԳٰ] i. [distich] 280. 2. A conch. 3. A small shell. 4. A portion of the skull used as a cup. 5. A curl or feather on a horse’s neck or breast. 6. A disease of the cornea. 7. A sort of perfume. 8. A weight of two 첹ṣa.

--- OR ---

ūپ (सूक्ति).—i. e. su-ukti, f. Kind speech, [Ჹٲṅgṇ�] 5, 188.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śܰپ (शुक्ति).—[feminine] pearl-oyster or oyster-shell.

--- OR ---

ūپ (सूक्ति).—[feminine] a good speech or word.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śܰپ (शुक्ति):—[from śܰٲ] f. ([probably] [from] �1. śܳ and [originally] ‘shining, bright�) a pearl-oyster or oyster shell (eight sources of pearls are enumerated by [Scholiast or Commentator] on [Kirātārjunīya xii, 40], viz. clouds, elephants, fish, serpents, bamboos, conch-shells, boars, and oyster shells), [Kauśika-sūtra; Kāvya literature] etc.

2) [v.s. ...] a small shell or cockle, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) [v.s. ...] a portion of a skull (used as a cup etc.), [Horace H. Wilson]

4) [v.s. ...] a bone, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

5) [v.s. ...] Tamarindus Indica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] Unguis Odoratus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] any perfume or fragrant substance, [Rāmāyaṇa]

8) [v.s. ...] a curl or feather on a horse’s neck or breast, [Śiśupāla-vadha]

9) [v.s. ...] a measure of weight (= 1/2 Pala or 4 Karṣas), [Śārṅgadhara-saṃhitā]

10) [v.s. ...] a [particular] disease of the cornea, [Suśruta]

11) [v.s. ...] hemorrhoids, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] m. Name of an Āṅgirasa, [Pañcaviṃśa-brāhmaṇa]

13) [v.s. ...] of a mountain, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa] ([wrong reading] sukti)

14) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a people, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

15) Sukti (सुक्ति):�m. Name of a mountain ([probably] [wrong reading] for śܰپ), [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]

16) ūپ (सूक्ति):—[from ūٲ] f. a good or friendly speech, wise saying, beautiful verse or stanza, [Kāṭhaka; Rāmāyaṇa etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śܰپ (शुक्ति):�(پ�) 2. f. A pearl oyster; a conch; a cockle; a perfume like a shell-fish; a skull cup; a curl; a weight; a disease of the eyes.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Śܰپ (शुक्ति) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Sippi, Sutti.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Shukti in Hindi glossary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Śܰپ (शुक्ति):�(nf) an oyster, a pearl oyster; -[ٲṭa] oyster-bank, oysterbed.

2) ūپ (सूक्ति):�(nf) a maxim, an epigram, a pithy pointed saying; -[ṃg] analects.

context information

...

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Śܰپ (ಶುಕ್ತಿ):�

1) [noun] a hard outer covering, as of a mollusk; a shell.

2) [noun] a pearl-oyster shell.

3) [noun] any perfume or fragrant substance.

4) [noun] a curl of hair on the neck or breast of a horse.

--- OR ---

ūپ (ಸೂಕ್ತಿ):�

1) [noun] a concisely expressed principle or rule of conduct or a statement of a general truth; a maxim; an adage.

2) [noun] the vedic hymns in praise of a deity.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Tamil dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Shukti in Tamil glossary
: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil Lexicon

Śܰپ (ஶுக்தி) noun < śܰپ. See சுத்தி� [ܳٳ�], 1, 2, 3.

--- OR ---

ūپ (ஸூக்தி) noun < sūپ. Wise utterance. See சூக்தி. [sugthi.]

context information

Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.

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Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) Śܰپ (शुक्ति):—n. 1. an oyster-shell; pear-oyster; 2. conch-shell; 3. a small shell; muscle; 4. a portion of the skull; 5. a curl of hair on a horse's breast (or neck); 6. a particular weight equal to two karshas; 7. hemorrhoids;

2) ūپ (सूक्ति):—n. 1. good speech; axiom; wise or apt saying; 2. speech or words of the great people; 3. remarkable or citable lines; epigram; quotation;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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