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Alternative spellings of this word include Pith.

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In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢aivism

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to the 鈥減edestal鈥� of a 濒颈峁単补. It is also known as 辫颈峁囜笉颈办腻. The word 濒颈峁単补 refers to a symbol used in the worship of 艢iva and is used thoughout 艢aiva literature, such as the sacred 膧gamas.

: Google Books: The Canon of the 艢aiv膩gama and the The Kubjik膩 Tantras

1) The word 鈥湵枘�峁环补鈥�, in a non-technical sense, means a stool, seat or bench and, by extension, the pedestal upon which an idol is installed. In the Tantras it commonly means a sacred place. In this present context, however, it means a 鈥渃ollection,鈥� or 鈥渁ggregate鈥� (蝉补尘奴丑补) with reference to a group of scriptures and so denotes a class of 膧gamas. It also signifies a range of matters that, taken collectively, concern a single Tantric topic. The two usages of the word are closely related: sometimes one applies, sometimes the other and, occasionally, both.

There are four 辫墨峁环补蝉, namely,

1. 痴颈诲测腻-辫墨峁环补,
2. 惭补苍迟谤补-辫墨峁环补,
3. 惭耻诲谤腻-辫墨峁环补 and
4. 惭补峁囜笉补濒补-辫墨峁环补.

2) According to Abhinava鈥檚 exposition of the division of the 辫墨峁环补蝉 found in the 膧nanda艣膩stra:

鈥槺誓�峁环补鈥� [is a term referring] to a class [of Tantras]. It is of two types: right and left, called Mantra and Vidy膩 respectively, from which are derived the two associated with Mudr膩 and Ma峁囜笉ala.

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram (shaivism)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) or 笔墨峁环补ka in the early Siddh膩nt膩gamas denotes the 鈥渓ocation of a deity鈥�, sacred person or entity, [although] it not generally used to denote a sacred site. A 辫墨峁环补 is a part of the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 where the deity sits. The Ni岣ヅ泇膩satattvasa峁僪it膩 refers to the central square of its primary 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 as the 辫墨峁环补 that is 鈥榯he best of seats鈥�. Similarly, the term 辫墨峁环补 may denote the pedestal on which a Li峁単a is placed and bathed (sn膩na辫墨峁环补) in a pavilion erected for that purpose. The same word also denotes the part of the plinth on which a Li峁単a is erected. It may be of various kinds and variously named according to its size, shape, layers and the like. Such 辫墨峁环补蝉 are described in the Siddh膩nt膩gamas

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to 鈥渆xternal genital organ of the female partner鈥�, according to the Brahmay膩mala-tantra (or Picumata), an early 7th century 艢aiva text consisting of twelve-thousand verses.鈥�(Cf. Csaba Kiss, The Brahmay膩mala or Picumata. Vol. II, 2015, 49, 47鈥�48)

context information

Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥擜 demon. He was killed by 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺. (艢loka 5, Chapter 11, Dro峁嘺 Parva).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥擳he commander of Mura's forces; killed by K峁涐梗峁嘺.^*

• * Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 X. 59. 12-14.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

: Google Books: Elements of Hindu iconography

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥�尝颈峁単补蝉 are almost always set up in pedestals known as the 辫颈峁囜笉颈办腻 or 辫墨峁环补. In a square 辫墨峁环补, which is the one commonly met with, the length of one side of it may be twice the length of the 辫奴箩腻产丑腻驳补, or equal to the total length of the 濒颈峁単补; in other words two-thirds of or equal to the total length of the 濒颈峁単补. The 辫墨峁环补, the length of whose side is equal to the total length of the 濒颈峁単补 is said to belong to the uttamottama class and that whose side is equal to two-thirds the total length of the 濒颈峁単补, to the 补诲丑补尘腻诲丑补尘补 class.

These pedestals (辫墨峁环补, or, 辫颈峁囜笉颈办腻) may be square, oblongular, octogonal, elongated octagon, hexagon, elongated hexagon, duodecagon, elongated duodecagon, 16-sided, regular or elongated, circular, elliptical, triangular and semi-circular in plan.

: Shodhganga: Vaisnava Agamas And Visnu Images

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to 鈥減edestals鈥�, as defined in treatises such as the P膩帽car膩tra, P膩dmasa峁僪it膩 and Vaikh膩nasa-膩gamas, extensively dealing with the technical features of temple art, iconography and architecture in Vaishnavism.

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Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: V膩stu-艣膩stra

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to 鈥減edestal鈥�. It is sculptured as a part of the pillar (stambha).

: Google Books: Consecration Rituals In South Asia

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to the 鈥渟eat鈥� of the 迟补迟迟惫补办补濒补艣补 pot used in the ritual for the re-installation of damaged idols from the temple, according to Kerala ritual texts such as the 艢aiv膩gamanibandhana, Prayogama帽jar墨 and the 莫艣anagurudevapaddhati.鈥擺...] After the ablution the pot used for the 迟补迟迟惫补办补濒补艣补 is kept upside down on the seat (辫墨峁环补) and the bundle of darbha grass (办奴谤肠补) on top of the pot, facing the south, which is unusual in temple rituals. Then the priest sits facing the idol while the door of the sanctum is closed and imagines that his own 颈岣嵞�, 辫颈峁単补濒腻 and 蝉耻峁�u尘苍腻 and those of the idol are one. [...]

: Shodhganga: Temples of Salem region Up to 1336 AD

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�, 鈥減edestal鈥�).鈥擯art of the pillar (stambha);鈥擨t is the lowest member of the pillar. It has three major functions:

1. It gives a solid support to the shaft of the pillar.
2. It adds height to the pillar.
3. It enriches the beauty of the pillar.

Pedestals are also decorated with decorations like kapota punctuated with 苍腻蝉颈蝉 and sometimes also with scalloped lotus petals.

: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajit膩gama and Raurav膩gama

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to 鈥�- 1. pedestal 搂搂 2.16; 3.1; 4.7, 28; 5.3-4. - 2. substitute altar (in place of an image of an Assessor) 搂 5.13. - 3. - mah膩辫墨峁环补 搂搂 5.11, 12.鈥�.鈥�(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajit膩gama et du Raurav膩gama by Bruno Dagens)

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Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷佮ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿��, v膩stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Hinglaj Devi

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥擳he term 辫墨峁环补 (Skt. seat, altar) specifically describes holy sites relating to Goddess worship all over South Asia.

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) (鈥渟acred seat鈥�) is a general term for a place where a goddess or Yogin墨 resides. Internalized, these places may be represented as the 鈥榣ocation鈥� of the fifty letters within the goddess鈥檚 triangular Yoni. When viewed in this form the Yoni is called the Meruprast膩ra. This is described in detail in chapter eight of the Kum膩rik膩kha峁囜笉a.

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Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Kavya (poetry)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to the 鈥渟eat (of the Goddess)鈥�, according to B膩峁嘺鈥檚 K膩dambar墨 (p. 225-226).鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测, while describing the shire of the Goddess Ca峁囜笉ik膩, 鈥淸Then follows the image of the Goddess Ca峁囜笉ik膩, which matches the conception of K膩lar膩tri in the passage from the Mah膩bh膩rata:] Her feet were never bereft of cloths [dyed with] red lac thrown upon the mound of her seat [on the altar] (辫颈峁囜笉颈办腻-辫墨峁环补-辫腻tin) as if they were the lives of all creatures arrived there for shelter; she resembled an inhabitant of the Underworld because of the intense darkness obstructed [only] by the flashes from axes, spears, etc., weapons deadly for beings, that seemed to hold nets of hair stuck from decapitations because of the reflections of black yak-tail whisks cast [upon their surfaces]; [...]鈥�.

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Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂�嵿��, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (yoga)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to 鈥渟eats (of deities)鈥�, according to the Am峁泃asiddhi, a 12th-century text belonging to the Ha峁環ayoga textual tradition.鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测, 鈥淭here are oceans, rivers, regions [and] guardians of the regions; gathering places, sacred sites, seats (辫墨峁环补) [of deities and] the deities of the seats鈥�.

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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 腻蝉补苍补s (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to a 鈥減edestal鈥� or an 鈥渁ltar (e.g., for offerings)鈥�, as discussed in the thirty-second chapter of the 础苍颈谤耻诲诲丑补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, an ancient P膩帽car膩tra 膧gama text dealing with the annual festivals of temples and regular temple worship routines.鈥擠escription of the chapter [bali-辫墨峁环补-prati峁ａ弓h膩pana-vidhi]: In the temple the four most important items are the central building [辫谤腻蝉补诲补], the inner sanctuary [驳补谤产丑补驳峁沨补], the pedestal [辫墨峁环补] for the idol, and the idol [辫谤补迟颈尘腻] itself (1-2). The altar for offerings [bali-辫墨峁环补] located in front of the central building should be constructed so as to be proportionate with the size of the idol鈥檚 pedestal, and of the same materials (3-5). [...]

2) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to a 鈥渟eating object鈥� (representing one of the symbols given to initiates after the 补产丑颈峁�e办补-rite), as discussed in the tenth chapter of the 狈腻谤补诲墨测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car膩tra document comprising over 3000 verses in 30 chapters presenting in a narrative framework the teachings of N膩rada to Gautama, dealing primarily with modes of worship and festivals.鈥擠escription of the chapter [补产丑颈峁�e办补-vidh膩na]: Gautama wants to hear details concerning the qualifying 补产丑颈峁�e办补-bath that admits an initiate to 诲别艣颈办补-status. [...] One type of 补产丑颈峁�e办补-rite requires only one pot (办补濒补艣补) to be used, at the conclusion of which bathing ceremony the candidate is given the symbols of his new office鈥擺e.g., an 腻蝉补苍补 and a 辫墨峁环补 for seating purposes]鈥攁long with a charge from his preceptor to pursue his duties (21-32). The initiate, in turn, honors this preceptor in all appropriate ways (33-37).

3) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) or 笔墨峁环补mantra is the name of a Mantra discussed in chapter 29 (Cary膩辫腻da) of the 笔补诲尘补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: the most widely followed of Sa峁僪it膩 covering the entire range of concerns of P膩帽car膩tra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter鈥�箩帽腻苍补, yoga, 办谤颈测腻 and 肠补谤测腻) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.鈥擠escription of the chapter [艣谤测腻诲颈辫补谤颈惫腻谤补-尘补苍迟谤补惫补谤峁嘺苍补]: In this chapter Bhagav膩n tells about the mantras to be used in the worship of 艢r墨 and of the deities in Her retinue found in the precincts of the first 辫谤腻办腻谤补-courtyard. [...] A 辫墨峁环补-mantra follows (1516-170a), as well as the mantra for Brahm膩 and the succeeding 57 辫补谤颈惫腻谤补诲别惫补迟腻蝉 (170b-172a), along with the mantras addressed to other deities in the first courtyard [辫谤腻办腻谤补] (172b-174a). [...]

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Pancaratra (啶�啶距�炧�嵿�氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, 辫腻帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Brahma-samhita

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to鈥擯lace of pastimes; seat.

context information

Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram (tantric buddhism)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to a 鈥渟acred seat鈥� and represents one of the various classes of sacred sites, according to the Netravibha峁単a, a commentary on the Hevajratantra by Dharmak墨rti.鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测, 鈥淚t is called a 鈥榮eat鈥� (辫墨峁环补) because one always stays there and performs the practice, also because the yogis stay there. Because it is near to that place, it is called 鈥榥earby seat鈥� (upa辫墨峁环补). It is called 鈥榝ield鈥� (办峁�e迟谤补), because it produces good qualities, also because the mother-goddesses stay there. Because it is near to there, it is called 鈥榥ear-by field鈥� (upa办峁�e迟谤补). Because one desires and yearns, it is called Chando. Because it is near there, it is called 鈥榥ear-by Chando鈥�. It is called 鈥榤eeting place鈥� (尘别濒腻辫补办补) because it is the site of a place, [for example] Magadha and A峁単amagadha. It is called 鈥榥ear-by meeting place鈥� because it is near there. It is called 鈥榗emetery鈥� (艣尘补艣腻苍补) because no discriminating thought (vikalpa) arises and because there are many corpses. It is called 鈥榥ear-by cemetery鈥�, because it is near to there鈥�.

: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajra岣嵞乲amah膩tantrar膩ja (II)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) is one of the P墨峁環膩dis (group of districts) present within the Cittacakra (鈥榗ircle of mid鈥�) which is associated with the 岣屇乲in墨 named Khecar墨 (鈥榓 woman going in the sky鈥�), according to the 9th-centruy 痴补箩谤补岣嵞乲补迟补苍迟谤补.

The P墨峁環膩di named 笔墨峁环补 within the Cittacakra contains the following four districts or seats:

1. 笔耻濒濒墨谤补尘补濒补测补,
2. 闯腻濒补苍诲丑补谤补,
3. 翱岣峺腻苍补,
4. Arbuda.

: 84000: Sampu峁璷dbhava Tantra (Emergence from Sampu峁璦)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to a type of power place where Yogins and Yogin墨s congregate, according to the Sampu峁璷dbhavatantra chapter 5.鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测, 鈥淸Vajragarbha asked:]鈥斺�楤lessed One, what places are places of gatherings?鈥� [The Blessed One said:]鈥斺�楾here are 辫墨峁环补蝉 and auxiliary 辫墨峁环补蝉, And likewise, 办峁�e迟谤补s and auxiliary 办峁�e迟谤补s. There are also chandohas and auxiliary chandohas, 尘别濒腻辫补办补s and auxiliary 尘别濒腻辫补办补s. There are charnel grounds and auxiliary charnel grounds, 辫墨濒补惫补蝉 and auxiliary 辫墨濒补惫补蝉. These are the twelve types of meeting places. The lord of the ten 产丑奴尘颈蝉 has not specified Any places other than these twelve鈥�. [...]鈥�.

笔墨峁环补 in Tibetan: 嘟傕綋嘟︵紞 [gnas].

: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to the 鈥減ower places鈥�, according to the Guru-尘补峁囜笉补濒补-arcana [i.e., 鈥淕uru Mandala Worship]鈥� ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasa峁僾ara Sam膩dhi, which refers to the primary 辫奴箩腻 and 蝉腻诲丑补苍腻 practice of Newah Mah膩y膩na-Vajray膩na Buddhists in Nepal.鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测, 鈥淒rinking the only essence, the liquor of union, purifies the mind, By going to the power places (辫墨峁环补鈥�辫墨峁环腻诲颈诲别艣补驳补尘补苍别苍补), and so on, the body is purified, In the middle of the holy seat, the highest mandala, Cakra N膩tha, With the head bowed, in praise of the eternally highest Guru鈥�.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) refers to one of the sons of king Vajrasena, according to chapter 1.1 [腻诲墨艣惫补谤补-肠补谤颈迟谤补] of Hemacandra鈥檚 11th century Tri峁�a峁ａ弓i艣al膩k膩puru峁�acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly,

鈥渋n the continent Jamb奴dv墨pa, in the East Videhas, in the province Pu峁�kal膩vat墨 in the vicinity of the ocean, in the city Pu峁囜笉ar墨ki峁嚹�, they were born in succession as the five sons of King Vajrasena by his wife Dh膩ri峁嚹�. [...] The souls of the sons of the merchant and trader were named 笔墨峁环补 and Mah膩辫墨峁环补鈥�.

笔墨峁环补 and B膩hu later incarnated as twins from Suma峁単al膩 (one of 峁氠梗abha鈥檚 wifes), as mentioned in chapter 1.2.鈥擜肠肠辞谤诲颈苍驳濒测,

鈥淸...] when a little less than six p奴rvas had passed after the wedding, while the Lord enjoyed himself with them, the J墨vas of B膩hu and 笔墨峁环补 fell from Sarv膩rthasiddhi and entered Suma峁単al膩鈥檚 womb as twins. Likewise the j墨vas of Sub膩hu and Mah膩辫墨峁环补 fell from Sarv膩rthasiddhi and entered Sunand膩鈥檚 womb. [...] Suma峁単al膩 bore children, Bharata and Br膩hm墨, as the east bears the sun and (morning) twilight lighting up the quarter of the sky鈥�.

: HereNow4u: Lord V峁涐梗abhan膩tha

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) was one of the four friends and brother of Vajran膩bha: V峁涐梗abhan膩tha鈥檚 eleventh incarnation (bhava).鈥擜fter completing his life as a deva J墨v膩nanda was born in Pu峁�kal膩vat墨 to the wife of king Vajrasena, Dhara峁嚹�. At the time of conception the mother saw 14 great dreams. Vajrasena named his son Vajran膩bha, who went on to become a 肠补办谤补惫补谤迟墨 (emperor). His four friends were born as his brothers B膩hu, Sub膩hu, 笔墨峁环补 and Mah膩辫墨峁环补 and became provincial kings. When his father, T墨rtha峁卥ara Vajrasena, after attaining omniscience (办别惫补濒墨), started delivering his religious sermons, the 肠补办谤补惫补谤迟墨 Vajran膩bha (due to his past good merits) too accepted initiation (renounced the world).

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

笔颈峁环补.鈥�(Chamba), a grain measure; also spelt p颈岣嵞�, pe岣嵞�, pyo岣嵞�. Note: 辫颈峁环补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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笔墨峁环补.鈥�(CII 4; IA 12), receptacle of a 艢iva-濒颈峁単补; the ablution trough of a 艢iva-濒颈峁単补; also called Yoni-pa峁�峁璦. (SITI), pedestal for the image of a deity. Note: 辫墨峁环补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

: Shodhganga: Vernacular architecture of Assam with special reference to Brahmaputra Valley

Pitha is an Assamese term referring to 鈥渢he outer layer / rind of bamboo and strand prepared from outer layer鈥�.鈥擨t appears in the study dealing with the vernacular architecture (local building construction) of Assam whose rich tradition is backed by the numerous communities and traditional cultures.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Pitha in India is the name of a plant defined with Sapindus emarginatus in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Sapindus emarginatus Hort. Alger. (among others).

2) Pitha is also identified with Sapindus trifoliatus It has the synonym Sapindus trifoliatus Turcz. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Taxon (1982)
· Catalogue des Plantes de Madagascar, Sapind. (1931)
· Rev. Hortic. (1895)
· Bulletin de la Soci茅t茅 Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou (1863)
· Species Plantarum (1753)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Pitha, for example extract dosage, diet and recipes, health benefits, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, side effects, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

辫墨峁环补 : (nt.) chair; a seat.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

笔墨峁环补, (nt.) (cp. Fpic Sk. 辫墨峁环补) a seat, chair, stool, bench.鈥�4. kinds are given at Vin. IV, 40=168, viz. mas膩raka, bundik膩baddha, ku岣穒ra辫腻daka, 膩hacca辫腻daka (same categories as given under ma帽ca).鈥�Vin. I, 47, 180; II, 114, 149, 225; A. III, 51 (ma帽ca掳, Dvandva); IV, 133 (ayo掳); Ps. I, 176; Vv 11 (see discussed in detail at VvA. 8); VvA. 295 (ma帽ca掳).鈥敱枘錮a掳 footstool J. IV, 378; VvA. 291; bhadda掳 state-chair, throne J. III, 410.鈥攕appin 鈥渙ne who crawls by means of a chair or bench, 鈥� i.e. one who walks on a sort of crutch or support, a cripple (辫墨峁环补 here in sense of 鈥渉atthena gahana-yogga鈥� VvA. 8; exlpd by Bdhgh as 鈥渃hinn鈥檌riy膩patha鈥� Vin. Texts I. 225) J. I, 76, 418; V, 426 (khujja+) VI, 4, 10; Miln. 205, 245, 276; Vism. 596 (& jaccandha, in simile); DhA. I, 194; II, 69; PugA 227; PvA. 282. (Page 461)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

辫颈峁环膩 (啶�啶苦�犩ぞ).鈥攎 (A Bombay-word). A spirit-shop, or a liquor-tavern.

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辫颈峁环膩 (啶�啶苦�犩ぞ).鈥攁 (辫墨峁环补) Gritty, friable, crumbling--sorts of stone &c. 2 Clammy; like badly-baked dough--the pulp of certain fruits.

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辫墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥攏 (辫颈峁ａ弓补 S) Meal in general except that of wheat, which, par excellence, is termed 办补峁嚹玨补 (from 办补峁嘺). Applied, sometimes however, to wheaten meal. 2 fig. Crushed, crumbled, ruined state: also defeated or overcome state: also the state of utter expenditure or dissipation, of consumption or exhaustion, of whatever subject or of whatever specific character. Used largely as its derivative 辫颈峁环腻岣峚, or as c奴ra, cur膩岣嵞�, dh奴岣穉, m膩t墨, r膩kha &c. &c. 3 Used enhancingly after 驳艒谤腻; as 驳艒谤腻 驳艒谤腻 辫墨峁环补 Surpassingly fair. 4 Used as ad in the sense Clearly and brightly of the shining of the moon. v 辫补岣峚; as c膩nda峁嚹撫箖 辫墨峁环补 辫补岣峚t膿峁�.

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辫墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥攏 (S) A stool, a low chair or seat. 2 The seat of the religious student, made of the grass 办耻艣补. 3 辫墨峁环补峁�, in the sense of Seat or spot of eminent residence or abiding, forms compounds such as guru辫墨峁环补, vidy膩辫墨峁环补, r膩ja辫墨峁环补. 4 also 辫墨峁环补蝉th膩na n A place where a limb of Parvati is supposed to have fallen when her dead body was cut to pieces by the cakra of 惫颈峁ａ箛耻. There are fifty-one such places. See mah膩辫墨峁环补.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

辫颈峁环膩 (啶�啶苦�犩ぞ).鈥�m A spirit-shop, or a liquor-tavern.

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辫颈峁环膩 (啶�啶苦�犩ぞ).鈥�a Gritty, crumbling. Clammy.

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辫墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥�n Meal. Crushed, or ruined state. 膩dh墨 辫颈峁环艒b膩 (辫艒峁�艒b腻) maga vi峁環艒b膩 Let us satisfy the belly, then we'll think of worship.

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辫墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥�n A low chair. The seat, as guru辫墨峁环补, vidy膩辫墨峁环补, r膩ja辫墨峁环补. See mah膩辫墨峁环补.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

笔颈峁环补 (啶�啶苦��).鈥擜ffliction, distress.

Derivable forms: 辫颈峁环补岣� (啶�啶苦�犩��).

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笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥�

1) A seat (a stool, chair, bench, sofa &c.); 啶溹さ啷囙え 啶�啷�啶犩ぞ啶︵�佮う啶むた啶粪�嵿�犩う啶氞�嵿く啷佮い啶� (javena p墨峁環膩dudati峁ａ弓hadacyuta岣�) 艢i艣u辫腻lavadha 1.12; R,4.84;6.15.

2) The seat of a religious student made of Ku艣a grass.

3) The seat of a deity, an altar.

4) A pedestal in general, basis.

5) A particular posture in sitting.

6) (In geometry) The complement of a segment.

7) Name of various temples; 啶�啷�啶犩�� 啶溹ぞ啶侧�傕ぇ啶班�� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶むた啶粪�嵿�犩い啷嵿く啶む�嵿�� 啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷嵿ぎ啷佮�� (辫墨峁环补峁� j膩la峁僤hara峁� n膩ma ti峁ａ弓hatyatra caturmukha) Yoga- 艣ikhopani峁�ad, 5.11.

8) A royal seat, throne.

9) A district, province.

Derivable forms: 辫墨峁环补m (啶�啷�啶犩ぎ啷�).

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笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥�1 The sun.

2) Time.

3) Fire.

4) Protection.

5) Drink; 啶�啶膏�嵿く啶距ぇ啷嵿さ啶班�� 啶�啶椸さ啶距え啶о�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶む�嵿ぎ啶� 啶�啶樴�嬥え啶� 啶�啶距う啷嵿く啶む�嵿く啷佮ぐ啷佮じ啷嬥ぎ啶�啷�啶ム�� (yasy膩dhvare bhagav膩nadhvar膩tm膩 maghoni m膩dyatyurusomap墨the) Bh膩gavata 5.15.12.

-tham 1 Water.

2) Ghee.

Derivable forms: 辫墨迟丑补岣� (啶�啷�啶ム��).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔颈峁环补 (啶�啶苦��).鈥攎.

(-峁环补岣�) Pain, distress. E. 辫颈峁环补, and ka aff.

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笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥攎fn.

(-峁环补岣�-峁環墨-峁環a峁�) 1. A stool, a seat, a chair. 2. The seat of the religious student, made properly of Ku艣a grass. 3. A place where some limb of Parvati is supposed to have fallen, as after Daksha鈥檚 sacrifice, her dead body was carried about by Siva, and cut in pieces by the discus of Vishnu: there are fifty-one such places. 4. Complement of a segment, (in Geometry.) 5. A pedestal. 6. A particular posture in sitting. E. 辫颈峁环 to be weary, to feel pain, aff. 驳丑补帽; deriv. irr. or 辫腻-峁環ak 辫颈峁环补-ka v膩 p峁涐梗o0 d墨rgha岣� .

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笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥攎.

(-迟丑补岣�) 1. The sun. 2. Fire. 3. Time. n.

(-迟丑补峁�) Water. E. 辫腻 to drink, Unadi aff. thak, and the radical vowel changed.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥� n. and m. 1. A stool, a seat, a chair, Mah膩bh膩rata 5, 1399; a bench. 2. A base or pedestal, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 2, 126. 3. The seat of a deity, an altar, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 5, 46; 473. 4. A kind of ornament, [Hariva峁兣沘, (ed. Calc.)] 8063.

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笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥攊. e. 1. 辫腻 + tha, I. m. A drink. Ii. n. Water.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥擺neuter] seat, stool, bench, pedestal.

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笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�).鈥擺masculine] drink or protection.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔颈峁环补 (啶�啶苦��):鈥擺from 辫颈峁环] m. pain, distress, [Horace H. Wilson]

2) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�):鈥�n. (rarely f(墨). ; possibly corrupted [from] pi-sad, to sit upon) a stool, seat, chair, bench, [G峁沨ya-s奴tra; Mah膩bh膩rata] etc.

3) a religious student鈥檚 seat (made properly of Ku艣a grass), [Horace H. Wilson]

4) case, pedestal ([especially] of an idol), [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�; Var膩ha-mihira [Scholiast or Commentator]]

5) royal seat, throne, [R膩mat膩pan墨ya-upani峁�ad]

6) place, office (cf. 辫墨峁环腻诲丑颈办腻谤补)

7) Name of various temples (erected on the 5 1 spots where the limbs of P膩rvat墨 fell after she had been cut to pieces by the discus of Vi峁ａ箛u), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) a district, province, [Pa帽catantra]

9) a [particular] posture in sitting, [Catalogue(s)]

10) (in [geometry]) the complement of a segment, [Colebrooke]

11) m. a kind of fish, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) the sun, [Demetrius Galanos鈥檚 Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]

13) Name of an Asura, [Mah膩bh膩rata]

14) of a minister of Ka峁僺a, [Hariva峁兣沘]

15) 笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�):鈥擺from 辫墨迟补] 1. 辫墨迟丑补 m. a drink, draught (cf. go-p, 蝉耻谤腻-辫, soma-p)

16) [v.s. ...] n. water, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

17) [v.s. ...] melted butter, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

18) [from 辫墨迟颈] 2. 辫墨迟丑补 m. idem (See go-p).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔颈峁环补 (啶�啶苦��):鈥�(峁环补岣�) 1. m. Pain.

2) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�):鈥擺(峁環a岣�-峁環墨-峁環a峁�) a.] A stool, a seat of kusa grass; a sacred spot; complement of a segment.

3) 笔墨迟丑补 (啶�啷�啶�):鈥�(迟丑补岣�) 1. m. Idem; time. n. Water.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 笔墨岣峢补.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�) [Also spelled peeth]:鈥�(nf) the back; spine; (nm) a seat; an institute; —[k膩/-para k膩] born next in succession; —[c膩ra辫腻墨 se lagan膩] to be bedridden; to be confined to bed; to be reduced to skeleton; —[峁环辞办补苍腻] to pat on the back appreciatively; to praise; to give encouragement; —[诲颈办丑腻苍腻] to show the white feather, to turn tails, to flee from the battlefield; —[诲别苍腻] to turn tails, to flee, to part company (in a venture); —[para h膩tha 辫丑别谤补苍腻] to part appreciatively, to give encouragement, —[para h膩tha rakhan膩] to support; —[para hon膩] to be at the back of; —[p墨che, ke] in the absence of; —[辫丑别谤补苍腻] to turn one鈥檚 back upon; —[me峁� chur膩 gho峁僷an膩/bho峁僰an膩] to stab in the back, to play (one) foul; —[me峁� ch奴la/mi峁�峁�墨 milan膩] to be felled, to suffer defeat; —[尘辞岣峚苍腻] to turn to go, to leave the scene; —[lagan膩, kis墨 k墨] to be defeated (in Indian style wrestling); to be thrown flat on the back; —[蝉补丑补濒腻苍腻] to soothe.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

笔墨峁环补 (嗖�喑�嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] a piece of furniture to sit on; a seat.

2) [noun] a solid base on which an idol is placed, installed, etc.

3) [noun] a small, circular platform for keeping the offferings made to a god.

4) [noun] the supporting part of the wall, which usu. lies below the surface of the earth; foundation; basement.

5) [noun] the office, authority of a religious pontifs or political leaders.

6) [noun] a centre for education (as a school, university, etc.).

7) [noun] a facility created in a university or research centre, for studying a subject or conducting a research on a particular discipline of knowledge.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) 笔墨峁环补 (啶�啷�啶�):鈥攏. 1. market-place; 2. market; 3. pilgrimage site; 4. throne; 5. the back; 6. a seat; 7. the seat of a religious student made of kush grass;

2) P墨峁環膩 (啶�啷�啶犩ぞ):鈥攏. 鈫� 啶�啷�啶犩�� [辫墨峁环辞]

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+21): Pitha Jataka, Pitha Vagga, Pitha-tamal, Pithabali, Pithabheda, Pithabija, Pithacalana, Pithacatushtaya, Pithacintamani, Pithadevata, Pithadevi, Pithadhipati, Pithadi, Pithakrama, Pithakshara, Pithakshetra, Pithalakshana, Pithamardaka, Pithamardana, Pithamardda.

Full-text (+1362): Padapitha, Mahapitha, Bhadrapitha, Yogapitha, Mancapitha, Ratnapitha, Dharmapitha, Pugapitha, Pithasarpin, Pithamarda, Gopitha, Lingapitha, Pithakeli, Vidyapitha, Pithasarpa, Balipitha, Pithacakra, Upapitha, Pithalakshana, Pithabhu.

Relevant text

Search found 154 books and stories containing Pitha, 笔墨峁环补, Pi峁環膩, 笔颈峁环补, 笔墨迟丑补, P墨峁環膩, Peetha, Pithas; (plurals include: Pithas, 笔墨峁环补s, Pi峁環膩s, 笔颈峁环补s, 笔墨迟丑补s, P墨峁環膩s, Peethas, Pithases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Samarangana-sutradhara (Summary) (by D. N. Shukla)

Chapter 71 - Iconography of the Phalli (濒颈峁単补) and their Pedestals (辫墨峁环补)

Chapter 25 - The Measurement of the Pedestal (笔墨峁环补m膩na)

Chapter 63-64 - The five-fold terraces (笔墨峁环补-pa帽caka) and Dr膩vi岣峚 Pr膩s膩da

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Cidvilasastava by Amrtananda (by Brian Campbell and Ben Williams)

Verse 17: Catu峁１枘�峁环��-ny膩sa

Acknowledgements

Verse 18: Arghya艣odhana and P膩tras膩dhana

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The concept of Yoga in Yoga Upanishads (by Philomina T.L)

2.2. Influence of 艢aktism on the Yogopani峁�ads < [Chapter 5 - Textual Analysis]

2.1. Influence of 艢aivism on the Yogopani峁�ads < [Chapter 5 - Textual Analysis]

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Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati D膩sa)

Verse 3.2.495 < [Chapter 2 - Description of the Lord鈥檚 Travel Through Bhuvane艣vara and Other Placesto Jagann膩tha Pur墨]

Verse 3.1.64 < [Chapter 1 - Meeting Again at the House of 艢r墨 Advaita 膧c膩rya]

Verse 3.2.401 < [Chapter 2 - Description of the Lord鈥檚 Travel Through Bhuvane艣vara and Other Placesto Jagann膩tha Pur墨]

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Preceptors of Advaita (by T. M. P. Mahadevan)

59. 艢r墨 K膩mako峁璱 笔墨峁环补 and 艢r墨 艢a峁卥ar膩ch膩rya

57. 艢r墨 艢a峁卥ara And 艢a峁卥arite Insitutions

8. 艢a峁卥ara Bhagavat辫腻da

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Bhagavatpadabhyudaya by Lakshmana Suri (study) (by Lathika M. P.)

T膩ntric Measures < [Chapter 3 - References to 艢a峁卥ara鈥檚 Philosophy]

艢a峁卥aradigvijaya (list of available works) < [Chapter 4 - Similarities and Dissimilarities]

Cosmology and the powers of M膩ya < [Chapter 3 - References to 艢a峁卥ara鈥檚 Philosophy]

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