Matri, �, ٰī: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Matri means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term � can be transliterated into English as Matr or Matri, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)� (मातृ, “mother�).—One of the Eleven Hands denoting Relationships.�(Instructions:) Left hand Ardha-candra, right hand Saṃdaṃsa, the left hand then placed on the stomach, showing the Strī hand; indicating mother or daughter.
Note: The Strī (woman) hand is not separately described, but it will be seen that it consists in placing either hand on the stomach, indicating the womb.

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, ṭyśٰ) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation� (मातृ) are the divine mothers or personified energies of the principal deities reckoned variously as seven, eight, nine or sixteen in numbers. They are closely connected with the worship of Śiva and are described as attending on his son Krttikeya to whom at first only seven ṛs were assigned.
: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of Sriharsa (purana)� (मातृ) or ṛk refers to a set of Goddesses.—As has been pointed out by Avalon in the Introduction (p. 35) to Prapañcasra-tantra, the ṛs are seven [viz., Saptaṛk (seven mothers):�
- ṇ�,
- ܻṇ�,
- ܳī,
- ղṣṇī,
- ī,
- Իī,
- Cmuṇḍ or Mahbharavī.
Usually eight are spoken of and sometimes nine; the others being Aparjit and Nrasiṃhī.
Skandapurṇa (Kśīkhaṇḍa, 83.33 of Uttarrdha) mentions the following Nine ṛs:
- ṇ�,
- ղṣṇī,
- 鲹ܻī,
- ī,
- ṃhī,
- ܳī,
- Իī,
- 峾ṇḍ,
- 䲹ṇḍ.
Nine ṛs are invoked in the � hymn found in Devīpurṇa (chapter 87) and the worship of the following nine is prescribed in Brahmavaivartapurṇa (Prakṛtikhaṇḍa) 64.87-88 in connection with the Durg cult.
Devībhgavata (12.11.57-58), on the other hand, mentions Eight ṛs [viz., Aṣṭaṛk (eight mothers)], namely:
- ī,
- śī,
- ܳī,
- ղṣṇī,
- ī,
- Իṇ�,
- 峾ṇḍ,
- Ѳṣmī.
The characteristics of these eight are described in detail in the Nityṣoḍaśikrṇava belonging to Vmakeśvara-tantra (8.126ff).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index� (मातृ).—A Deva gaṇa;1 fought with Utkala in the Devsura war, but were put to flight by Kṛṣṇa.2

The Purana (पुरा�, purṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram� (मातृ) refers to the “cognizing subject�, according to Abhinava’s Tantrloka verse 3.125-126.—Accordingly, “The cognizing subject (�) is a state of consciousness independent of the consonance of the instrumental means (ܱⲹ of knowledge) such as the object of knowledge and the rest (and is self-established in the immediacy of the awareness that:) ‘I am� (and so latently containing within itself all knowledge) is the knower (ñ�) like one who knows the scriptures (but having no desire to explain them remains silent). �.
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)� (मातृ) refers to the “mother-goddesses�, according to the King Vatsarja’s Pūjstuti called the Kmasiddhistuti (also Vmakeśvarīstuti), guiding one through the worship of the Goddess Nity.—Accordingly, “[...] I take refuge with the goddesses of becoming minute and other great accomplishments for the sake of success. They hold wish-fulfilling jewels in both hands. They are moon-crested, three-eyed, and red in complexion. I revere Brahṇ� and the other mother-goddesses (�). They carry a skull-bowl and red lily in their hands, their bodies are dark-colored like the leaves of bamboo, and they are clad in lovely [red] clothes resembling Իū첹 flowers. [...]�.

Shakta (शाक्�, śkta) or Shaktism (śktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions� (मातृ) refers to the “mother�, according to the Guhyasūtra chapter 3.—Accordingly, “[Once the rosary has been thus prepared, he becomes] ready for siddhis and power. Dangerous creatures do not harm one who has [first] accomplished an observance [that qualifies one] for [using] Spells: he should begin an observance by means of recitation. The one engaged in observance should practise the False Observance [by wandering about proclaiming]: ‘I have committed bad deeds: I have killed a cow, mother (�, ), father, brother, a guest, friend, Brahmin! [...]’�.
: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra� (मातृ) or Mantra� refers to the “mother (of Mantras)�, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Prvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 2.20-22ab]—“[The Mantrin] should worship the mother of Mantras (mantra-ṛ—mantrṇṃ tara�) with the highest bhakti, by spreading flowers and perfume, O Devī. He should extract the deity invoked by the Mantra [with the mantra]. Beginning with the all-pervading and ending with manifold [�], [he should] always [worship with] the nectar of the white flower. The bright sound is highest Śakti, [who] resembles one-in-the-same Śiva. By this [worship] the pearls [of the mantra] are all bound in a cord�.

Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nryaṇa)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts� (मातृ) or ṛܻ� is the name of a Mudr (“ritual hand-gestures�) mentioned in in chapter 13 of the վś峾ٰṃh: a Pñcartra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (īṣ�) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.—Description of the chapter [ܻ-ⲹ]: Kśyapa asks what are the various types of ܻ-gestures, and Viśvmitra complies by first defining ܻ as that by seeing which one derives pleasure (�mu-�) and then by counseling that whoever practices these ܻs must do so in secrecy (1-6). Thereupon he names and briefly describes how to perform a number of ܻs [e.g., �]

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pñcartra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)� (मातृ) refers to the “female deities�, as discussed in chapter 27 of the Ādikṇḍa of the Ჹⲹśīṣaṃh: a large Pñcartra Āgama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.—Description of the chapter [�-lakṣaṇa]: This chapter deals with the female consorts of the various gods: Brah’s wife (1-4a), Śiva’s wife (4b-6a), Viṣṇu’s wife (6b-7a), Varha’s wife (7b-8), Mahendra’s wife (9), Camund (10-12), Vinayaka’s wife (13-19) and Ṣaṇmukha’s wife (20-22a).

Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra� (मातृ, “mother �).—According to the 2nd century Mahprajñpramitśstra (chapter XIV), “all beings obtained the mind of equanimity (samacitta) by thinking of one another with the feelings one would feel (for example) for one’s mother (�)�.
In the course of innumerable generations, all beings have been one’s mother (�), father, elder brother, younger brother, elder sister, younger sister and relative. Furthermore, according to the true nature (ٲⲹṣaṇa) of dharmas, there is no father or mother, no elder or younger brother; but people who are submerged in the error of self believe in their existence and thus there is the question of father and mother, elder and younger brother. Therefore it is not a lie when, by virtue of a wholesome mind (śٳٲ), we consider one another with the feelings we would feel (for example) for a mother (�).

Mahayana (महायान, mahyna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñpramit ūٰ.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections� (मातृ) refers to the “mother�, according to the 11th century Jñnrṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Here [in the cycle of rebirth] a king becomes an insect and an insect becomes the chief of the gods. An embodied soul might wander about, tricked by [their] karma without being able to help it. For corporeal [souls] the mother (�) becomes the daughter, the sister, even the wife. The father, moreover, becomes the son and he obtains the paternal home�.

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary�.�(EI 9), the Divine Mothers, often described as seven in number; cf. �-maṇḍala, various forms of the Mother- goddess installed around a Śiva temple. Note: � is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary� (मातृ).�f. [n pūjy� tṛc nalopa� Uṇdi-sūtra 2.94]
1) A mother; मातृवत� परदारेषु यः पश्यति � पश्यति (ṛvat paradreṣu ya� paśyati sa paśyati); सहस्रं तु पितॄन् माता गौरवेणातिरिच्यते (sahasra� tu pitṝn gauraveṇtiricyate) ܲ� माता कि� मनुष्याणां देवतानां � दैवतम् ( kila manuṣyṇṃ devatn� ca daivatam) Madhyamavyyoga 1.37; माता � परमं दैवत� सम� � पुत्रेषु इत्येतैरुपबध्यमानो जननीवचनोऽवगम्यते ( ca parama� daivata� sa ca putreṣu ityetairupabadhyano jananīvacano'vagamyate) ŚB. on MS.1.1.14.
2) Mother as a term of respect or endearment; मातर्लक्ष्मि भजस्� कंचिदपरम� (tarlakṣmi bhajasva kaṃcidaparam) ṛh 3.64,87; अय� मातर्देवयजनसंभवे देवि सीते (ayi tardevayajanasaṃbhave devi sīte) Uttararmacarita 4.
3) A cow.
4) An epithet of Lakṣmī.
5) An epithet of Durg.
6) Ether, sky.
7) The earth.
8) A divine mother; मातृभ्यो बलिमुपहर (ṛbhyo balimupahara) Mṛcchakaṭika 1.
9) An epithet of Revatī.
1) Name of several plants; आखुकर्णी, इन्द्रवारुणी (khukarṇ�, indravruṇ�) and जटामांसी (Ჹṭmṃsī) &c. -pl.
1) An epithet of the divine mothers, said to attend on Śiva, but usually on Skanda. (They are usually said to be 8 :-brhmī heśvarī caṇḍī vrhī vaiṣṇavī tath | kaurī caiva cmuṇḍ carciketyaṣṭa tara� || or, according to some, only seven :-brhmī heśvarī caiva kaurī vaiṣṇavī tath | hendrī caiva vrhī cmuṇḍ sapta tara� || Some increase the number to sixteen).
2) Name of eight classes of female ancestors of Manes. -m.
1) A measurer.
2) Ved. A maker, builder, creator.
3) A knower, one having true knowledge.
4) Life or soul (ī) [cf. L. Mater.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionaryٰī (मात्री).�adj. f. (to m. *tra, from Sanskrit � plus a?), of the mother, maternal: (svaka-svak yeva) trīyo bhaginīyo parasparasya vivhit Ѳ屹ٳ i.351.4, (the princes) gave to each other in marriage each their own sisters by the same mother (thus avoiding the marriage of any with his co-uterine sister). So the Tibetan version cited by Senart p. 625; Senart misunderstands the Sanskrit text; he reads ṛyo with v.l. (and with both mss. line 8 below), but this can only be a corruption. The Pali adj. tiya which he cites is not known to [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary]; Childers cites it with no textual reference; even if a genuine Pali word, it can hardly be concerned here.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMatr (मत्र�).—[(i,) matri] r. 1st and 10th cls. (mantrati mantrayati) To speak privately, to counsel or advise. With �, To address or salute. With ni, To invite.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary� (मातृ).—f.
(-) 1. A mother. 2. A divine mother, the personified energy of a deity or his wife; in a figurative sense, a mother to mortals; eight divine Matris are enumerated, Brahmi, the Matri of Brahma; Maheswari, the Matri of Siva; Vaishnavi, of Vishnu; Aindri, of Indra; Varahi, of Vishnu, as the Varaha Avatar; Kaumari, of Kartikeya; Kauveri or Chamunda of Kuvera, and Charchika of Siva, in one of his minor incarnations; another list calls them Mahes'Wari, Brahmi, Narayani, Aindri, Varahi, Kaumari, Narasinhi, and Aparajita, differing from the preceding one in the two last names, the first one of which, is the energy of Vishnu in the Narasinha Avatar, and the latter a form of Durga; another enumeration makes the Matris sixteen, and another but seven. 3. A cow. 4. A female of the Brahmana tribe, or the wife of a Brahman. 5. The earth. 6. A name of Lakshmi. 7. A name of Revati. 8. Space, ether. E. Բ to respect, Unadi aff. ṛc, and the final of the radical rejected.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary� (मातृ).—[ + t�], f. 1. A mother, [ʲñٲԳٰ] ii. [distich] 190. 2. A divine mother, the personified energy of a deity, [ʲñٲԳٰ] pr. [distich] 1; Mahbhrata 9, 2619 sqq. 3. The wife of a Brhmaṇa. 4. The earth. 5. A cow. 6. Space, æther.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary� (मातृ).�1. [feminine] mother (applied also to the earth, the cow, the sticks of attrition, in respectful address to near relatives or elderly women i.[grammar]); [Epithet] of Lakṣmī & Durg; [dual] father and mother, heaven and earth; [dual] & [plural] the sticks of attrition; [plural] the (7, 8, 9, or 16) divine mothers, or the (8) female Manes.
--- OR ---
� (मातृ).�2. [masculine] measurer ([accusative]), knower.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) � (मातृ):—[from ] 1. � m. (for 2. � f. See p. 807, col. 1) a measurer,[ Nirukta, by Yska xi, 5]
2) [v.s. ...] one who measures across or traverses, [Ṛg-veda viii, 41, 4] (cf. 10)
3) [v.s. ...] a knower, one who has true knowledge, [Catalogue(s)]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a Partic. caste, [ib.] ([wrong reading] for ḍava?)
5) [v.s. ...] of an author, [Bṛhad-devat]
6) 2. � f. (derivation from �3. very doubtful; for 1. � See p. 804, col. 2) a mother, any mother (applicable to animals), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. (sometimes ifc. e.g. ܲԳī-, having K° for a mother)
7) [dual number] father and mother, parents, [Ṛg-veda iii, 3, 33; vii, 2, 5] (also tar-pitar, [iv, 6, 7], and pitar-tar, [Pṇini 6-3, 33]; cf. tarapitarau, [column]2)
8) the earth ([dual number] heaven and earth), [Ṛg-veda]
9) (with or [scilicet] lokasya), a cow, [Mahbhrata]
10) ([dual number] and [plural]) the two pieces of wood used in kindling fire, [Ṛg-veda] (cf. dvi-m)
11) ([plural]) the waters, [Ṛg-veda] (cf. saptam and, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yska i, 13])
12) ([plural]) the divine mothers or personified energies of the principal deities (sometimes reckoned as 7 in number, viz. Brhmī or ṇ�, śī, ܳī, ղṣṇī, ī, Indrṇ� or Aindrī or Իī, Cmuṇḍ; sometimes 8, viz. Brhmi, śī, ܳī, ղṣṇī, ī, 鲹ܻī, Carma-muṇḍ, Kla-saṃkarṣiṇ�; sometimes 9, viz. ṇ�, ղṣṇī, 鲹ܻī, ī, Nrasiṃhik, ܳī, Իī, 峾ṇḍ, Caṇḍik; sometimes 16, viz. Gaurī, Pad, Śacī, Medh, Svitrī, Vijay, Jay, Deva-sen, Sva-dh, Svh, Śnti, Puṣṭi, Dhṛti, Tuṣṭi, Ātma-devat and Kula-devat; they are closely connected with the worship of Śiva and are described as attending on his son Skanda or Krttikeya, to whom at first only 7 ṛs were assigned, but later an innumerable number; also the 13 wives of Kaśyapa are called, loknm tara�), [Mahbhrata; R峾yaṇa; Purṇa; Hedri’s Caturvarga-cintmaṇi] ([Religious Thought and Life in India 222 etc.])
13) ([plural]) the 8 classes of female ancestors (viz. mothers, grandmothers, great-grandmothers, paternal and maternal aunts etc., [Saṃskrakaustubha]; but the word ‘mother� is also applied to other female relatives and in familiar speech to elderly women generally)
14) Name of Lakṣmī, [ṛh]
15) of Durg, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) of Dkṣyaṇ� in certain places, [Catalogue(s)]
17) [according to] to [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.] also = a colocynth
18) Salvinia Cucullata, Nardostachys Jatamansi, Sphaerantus Indicus
19) air, space
20) the lower mill-stone
21) = ūپ
22) = -𱹲ī
23) cf. [Greek], μάτηρ, μήτηρ; [Latin] mater; [Lithuanian] mote; [Slavonic or Slavonian] mati; [German] muotar, Mutter; [English] mother.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Matr (मत्र�):�(ki, i) mantrati mantrayati 1. 10. a. To speak privately, to counsel. With abhi to invite, to invoke; with to salute; with ni to invite.
2) � (मातृ):�(t) 1. f. A mother; a cow; the earth; lakshmī; Revatī; space.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)� (मातृ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Mr, Mi, Mu, Mua.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary� (मातृ) [Also spelled matra:�(nf) mother (used in this form only in compound words); ~[ka] maternal, related to the mother; ~[gmī] one who commits incest with one’s mother; ~[ghtaka/ghtī] a matricide; ~[ٲṃt] matriarchy; ~[tva] maternity, motherhood; ~[貹ṣa] maternal side; ~[辱ṛhīԲ] an orphan; ~[ūᲹԲ] mother-worship; ~[ūᲹ첹] mother-worshipper; ~[pūj] mother-worship; ~[bhakta] devotee of one’s mother; ~[bhṣ�] mother-tongue; ~[ū] mother-land; ~[vat] motherly, mother-like; ~[śī] respected mother; ~[satt] matriarchy; ~[satttmaka] matriarchical; ~[stanya] mother’s milk; ~[haṃt] matricide; ~[haty] matricide; ~[īԲ] motherless.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus� (ಮಾತೃ):�
1) [noun] a woman as related to her child or children.
2) [noun] a cow.
3) [noun] any nonliving, intercellular substance in which living cells are embedded, as in bone, cartilage, etc.; matrix.
4) [noun] Lakṣmi, the Goddess of Wealth.
5) [noun] Durge, the wife of Śiva.
6) [noun] the sky.
7) [noun] the earth.
8) [noun] the full moon-day in Puṣya, the tenth month.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary� (मातृ):—n. a mother;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+28): Matapitamahi, Mataprapitamahi, Matriballi, Matribhashe, Matribhumi, Matridattiya, Matridikshe, Matrigarbha, Matrigupta, Matriguptabhishenana, Matrihan, Matriharmya, Matrihatye, Matrikalpika, Matrikhanda, Matrikri, Matrikrita, Matrikukshi, Matrikula, Matrimat.
Full-text (+934): Matrisvasri, Matrisvaseya, Pramatri, Matrimukha, Matrigana, Matrishasita, Matrighatuka, Matribandhu, Matrivadha, Matrikeshata, Matrighata, Matrivatsala, Matribhogina, Matrigamin, Matripaksha, Matrishvasriya, Nirmatri, Vimatri, Matrigupta, Matricakra.
Relevant text
Search found 98 books and stories containing Matri, �, ٰī, Matr, Maatr, Matris, Matrs; (plurals include: Matris, ṛs, ٰīs, Matrs, Maatrs, Matrises, Matrses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 182 - Greatness of � Deities < [Section 1 - Prabhsa-kṣetra-htmya]
Chapter 106 - Greatness of the Vanished Tīrthas < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-htmya]
Chapter 37 - The Importance of Aṅgrikī Caturthī < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-htmya]
Isanasivagurudeva Paddhati (study) (by J. P. Prajith)
28. Pratishtha and Nityotsa-vidhi of Saptamatris < [Chapter 4 - Worship of Gods and Goddesses]
20. An assortment Sanskrit works on Tantra < [Chapter 1 - History and scope of Tantric Literature]
9. Summary of the Kriya-pada (part 2) of the Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati < [Chapter 2 - A Textual analysis]
The body in early Hatha Yoga (by Ruth Westoby)
Hypothesis: Kuṇḍalinī as Pralayatrix < [Chapter 6 - Kuṇḍalinī: Pralayatrix]
Expiatory Rites in Keralite Tantra (by T. S. Syamkumar)
3.1. Expiatory Rites in Śeṣasamuccaya < [Chapter 3 - Expiatory Rites in Kerala Tantric Ritual Manuals]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)