365bet

Labha, , : 33 definitions

Introduction:

Labha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) (ला�) is the son of Gaṇeśa and Buddhi (Daughter of Prajāpati Viśvarūpa), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.20 (“The celebration of Gaṇeśa’s marriage�).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “[...] After some time, the noble Gaṇeśa begot two sons, one each of his wives. They were endowed with divine features. The son Kṣema was born to Siddhi. The highly brilliant son was born to Buddhi. While Gāṇeśa was enjoying the inconceivable happiness, the second son returned after circumambulating the earth. [...�.

2) (ला�) refers to “acquisitions�, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.2 (“The Prayer of the gods).—Accordingly, as the Gods eulogized Śiva: “[...] Among the sense-organs you are the mind; among the charitable gifts you are the gift of freedom from fear; among the sanctifying and life-giving agents you are considered the waters. Among all acquisitions () you are the acquisition of sons; among those with velocity you are the wind; among the routine sacred rites you are the Sandhyā worship. [...�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

(ला�).—A son of Puṣṭi.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 9. 59; Vāyu-purāṇa 10. 35.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुरा�, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Purana from relevant books on

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

(ला�) refers to the “acquisition� (of wealth), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, �(Now) I will tell (you about) the great weapons of that (goddess) Kubjikā. [...] (One) attains (ultimate) reality by means of the trident and Māyā is destroyed by means of the wheel. All diseases are destroyed by the thunderbolt while the goad is considered to be (the means to attract and) control. The enemy is destroyed by the arrow. The dagger is the avoidance of obstacles. Wealth is acquired [i.e., lakṣmī-] by means of the severed head and the eight yogic powers by the ascetic’s staff�.

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्�, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Shaktism from relevant books on

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

(ला�) refers to an “increase� [=“acquisition�?], according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 8), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The years of Jupiter (ṛh貹پ) take their names from the several Nakṣatras in which he reappears after his conjunction with the Sun; and these names are identical with the names of the lunar months. [...] In the Māgha year of Jupiter, there will be an increase in respect to fathers; all creatures will be happy, health and rain will prevail over the land; the price of food grains will fall and mankind will be more friendly than ever [i.e., mitra-�.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Jyotisha from relevant books on

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

(ला�) refers to “obtaining (the state of liberation in life)�, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī (KSTS vol. 65, 330).—Accordingly, “[...] Thus, due to practicing [this insight], the qualities of His consciousness, which are aspects of Śakti, fully penetrate [those various levels], causing the [various] powers to arise. But even without practice, in the [rare] case of an instantaneous immersion into That, one obtains the state of liberation-in-life (jīvan-muktatā-jīvanmuktatā�) through the process of the direct experience of [the Five Mystic States]: Bliss, Ascent, Trembling, Sleep, and ‘Whirling,� which means Pervasion�.

: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

(ला�) refers to “obtaining (the perfected oblation)� (in a dream), according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.8-13, while describing auspicious dreams]—“[The dreamer] crosses over the ocean and river. Likewise sunrise and indeed blazing fire [are auspicious. Also auspicious is when the dreamer] sees planets, constellations, stars and the disk of the moon. [When the dreamer] ascends the palace or a turret of the palace, climbs a mountain top, tree, elephant, young animal, bull, horse, or man. [In auspicious dreams one] sees a chariot and also sees the siddhamantra, obtains () the perfected oblation and sees the gods, etc. [...]�

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Shaivism from relevant books on

Vedanta (school of philosophy)

: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita

(ला�) refers to “gain� (as opposed to Alabha—loss) (which are of no concern to a Yogī), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] For the Yogī who has found peace, there is no distraction or one-pointedness, no higher knowledge or ignorance, no pleasure and no pain. The dominion of heaven or beggary, gain or loss (-a), life among men or in the forest [svārājye bhaikṣyavṛttau ca lābhe jane vane], these make no difference to a Yogī whose nature it is to be free from distinctions. [...�.

Vedanta book cover
context information

Vedanta (वेदान्�, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Vedanta from relevant books on

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(ला�, “greed�) refers to a quality which is renunciated by the Bodhisattvas, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter X. Greed is like a thief; it destroys the root of the qualities (ṇaū). Just as a heavy frost destroys the five grains, so greed () and ambition (ⲹś) destroy the young shoots (īᲹ) of the qualities (ṇa) and prevent them from prospering.

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

(ला�) refers to “gain� (Cf. a—‘loss�) , according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “Then the Bodhisattva Gaganagañja, having praised the Lord with these verses, addressed himself to the Lord: ‘[...] The Lord, who is without distinction (Ծśṣa), practices (prayoga) sameness () of all living beings since he is purified just like open space. Since the Lord has no desire, he is satisfied with insight and free from gain, honor and fame (-satkāra-śloka)). Since the Lord is omniscient (ñ), his mode of five eyes is purified and sees everything�. [...]’�.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā ūٰ.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Mahayana from relevant books on

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

(ला�, “greed�) refers to one of the “eight worldly conditions� (lokadharma) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 61). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., ). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

or 󲹳ٲⲹ refers to “selfishness regarding wealth� and represents one of the “five selfishnesses� (ٲⲹ) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 78).

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmas

(ला�, “gain�) or ntarāya refers to “gain obstructing karmas� and represents one of the dive types of Գٲⲹ (obstructing karmas), representing one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8.—What is meant by gain obstructing (-antarāya) karmas? The rise of which obstructs receiving gifts even though one is fit to receive and the donor is having the intention and capacity to donate is called gain obstructing karmas.

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

(ला�) refers to the “attainment (of enlightenment)�, according to Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi.—Accordingly, “[...] Even with renunciation of worldly pleasures, meditation accompanied by austerities, propagation of true faith, and auspicious death are rare. If these are achieved, then the attainment of enlightenment (bodhi-) has borne fruit. By contemplating on the difficulty in attaining true faith, one does not become negligent after attaining this rare jewel�.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of General definition from relevant books on

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

.�(IE 7-1-2), ‘eleven�. Note: is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of India history from relevant books on

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Labha in Pali glossary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

: (m.) gain; acquisition. || (ind.), it is profitable; it is a gain.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

, (fr. labh) receiving, getting, acquisition, gain, possession; pl. possessions D. I, 8; II, 58, 61; M. I, 508 (ārogya-paramā ); III, 39; A. I, 74; IV, 157 sq. , 160 (lābhena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto Devadatto, cp. J. I, 185 sq.); Sn. 31, 438, 828, 854, 1014, 1046 (cp. Nd2 548); It. 67 (vitta°); J. III, 516 (yasa°, dhana°); Vism. 93, 136 (°� labhati), 150 (°assa bhāgin getting riches); PvA. 113, 280.—A Dat. sg. (for ya) is used adverbially with foll. genitive in meaning of “for my (our) gain, � “it is profitable, � “good for me that� etc.; e.g. Miln. 17 ( no tāta, suladdha� no tāta), 232 ( vata tāsa� devatāna�); A. III, 313 ( vata me suladdha� vata me), explained at Vism. 223; DhA. I, 98 ( vata me, elliptically); II, 95 (l. vata no ye maya� ... upaṭṭhahimha).

� or �

, see under . (Page 583)

� or �

Labha, (-°) (adj.) (a base-formation fr. labh) receiving, to be received, to get; only in ܱ° hard to get Sn. 75; S. I, 101; J. I, 307; Pug. 26; Miln. 16; Sdhp. 17, 27; and su° easy to obtain Pv. II, 319. (Page 581)

[Pali to Burmese]

: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မ� အဘိဓာန�)

1) labha�

(Burmese text): (�) ရပြီးသော။ (�) ရအပ်ပြီးသော။

(Auto-Translation): (1) Completed. (2) Received.

2) labha�

(Burmese text): (သင�) �-ယ�-ပါလော့။

(Auto-Translation): (You) please take it.

3) �

(Burmese text): ရစေခြင်း၊ ဖြစ်စေခြင်း၊ ရအောင်ပြုလုပ်ခြင်း။

(Auto-Translation): Every blessing, every creation, every effort made to achieve.

4) �

(Burmese text): (�) ရသော၊ ရပြီးသော။ (�) လာဘ်၊ ရအပ�-ရောက်အပ�-ရအပ်ပြီ�-သေ� (သင်္ကန်းစသေ� ပစ္စည်�)� (�) ရခြင်း။ (�) မျက်မှောက်ပြုခြင်း။

(Auto-Translation): (1) Received, obtained. (2) Gain, acquired - arrived - having been obtained (such as valuable items). (3) Acquisition. (4) Fronting or facing.

5) �

(Burmese text): လာဘ်လျှင်အကြောင်းရှိသော။

(Auto-Translation): There is a reason for greed.

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Pali from relevant books on

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

(ला�).—m (S) Gain. 2 In measuring out grain &c. the first quantity measured is called for the sake of good luck; and thence the numbering goes on 2, 3, 4 &c. In this use the word corresponds with barakata under which see further.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

(ला�).�m Gain. kāla m The season of prosperity or profit.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Marathi from relevant books on

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

(ला�).—[labh-bhāve ghañ]

1) Gaining, obtaining, acquirement, acquisition; शरीरत्यागमात्रे� शुद्धिलाभममन्य� (śarīratyāgamātreṇa śuddhimamanyata) R.12. 1; स्त्रीरत्नलाभम� (strīratnam) 7.34;11.92; क्षणमप्यवतिष्ठते श्वसन् यद� जन्तुर्ननु लाभवानसौ (kṣaṇamapyavatiṣṭhate śvasan yadi janturnanu vānasau) R.8.87.

2) Gain, profit, advantage; सुखदुःखे सम� कृत्वा लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ (sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā u jayājayau) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 2.38; Y.2.259.

3) Enjoyment.

4) Capture, conquest.

5) Perception, knowledge, apprehension.

6) Treasure-trove; सप्त वित्ता- गम� धर्म्य� दायो लाभः (sapta vittā- gamā dharmyā dāyo �) ...... Manusmṛti 1.115.

7) Wealth, riches; मित्रलाभमन� लाभसंपदः (mitramanu saṃpada�) Kirātārjunīya 13.52.

Derivable forms: (लाभः).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

(लभ�).�(m.c., see below), labhya�, labhyā, indecl. (= Pali labbhā), (it is) possible, usually in the sense of allowable; usually with infin., the ‘logical subject� of which is instr. and the ‘logical object� nom., showing that, as with (Sanskrit) śakya and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] śakyā, the infin. is (or may be) passive in meaning; it happens often that this ‘logical object� (nom.) is fem., which might tempt one to consider labhyā a fem. adj., but in one case at least labhyā� puruṣo occurs, which, with Pali labbhā and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] śakyā, helps to prove that all these forms are indecl.; without infin., eva� labhya� Ѳ屹ٳ ii.272.10, it is possible so; with finite verb, labhya� satpuruṣ� pratyāgacchanti akuśalena karmaṇ� vipratisārī bhavanti Ѳ屹ٳ i.37.4, it is possible, good men (may) backslide, and (afterwards) feel remorse for their evil action (wrongly Senart); labhā, m.c. for (Pali) labbhā or ([Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit]) labhyā, in Ѳ屹ٳ ii.144.5 (verse), read with mss. parityajya dhṛtir labhā, by abandoning (worldly things), steadfastness is possible (obtainable), wrongly Senart; with infin., labhyā strībhi� puruṣo (with mss., Senart wrongly em. °ṣa�) vāhayitu� Ѳ屹ٳ ii.480.3, can women cause a man to carry them? (compare line 6 below, with 1 ms., na śakyo yuṣmābhir eṣo vāhayitu�); labhyā etena…agramahiṣ� (mss.; Senart em. °ṣīṃ)…āhanitu� ii.455.20, can he (be allowed to) strike the chief queen?; so also 457.3 °mahiṣ� (mss., Senart °ṣīṃ); no labhyā yuṣmābhi� anyam-anya� (adv.) tyajitu� iii.151.12, and, na labhyā yuṣmābhi� parasparasya (adv.) tyajitu� 19, you may not be mutually abandoned (by one-another); na labhya� atra puruṣeṇa praviśitu� Ѳ屹ٳ iii.151.7, a man may not enter here; ū-پ岹-վԲⲹ i.249.12 (see āmiṣa); labhyā mithyādṛṣṭi� prahātu� Ѳ屹ܳٱ貹ٳپ 7027, heresy can (may) be abandoned (Tibetan nus pa, possible, or ru� ba, proper, right); labhyam ebhir adharmeṇa karmaṇ� kartum ū-پ岹-վԲⲹ iii.117.4, it is possible (here not allowable) that they may act by an incorrect rite.

--- OR ---

(लाभा).—[, in te mahārājo sulabdhā Ѳ屹ٳ i.226.14 (prose), taken as fem. by Senart, wrongly; it is n. pl. m.; so also in the parallels alleged in Senart's note, incl. Pali Dhammapada (Pali) 204.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

(ला�).—m.

(-�) 1. Profit. 2. Gain, in general, acquirement, acquisition. 3. Interest. 4. Conquest. 5. Perception. E. labh to get or gain, aff. ghañ .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

(ला�).—i. e. labh + a, m. 1. Acquirement, acquisition, [ʲñٲԳٰ] ii. [distich] 197. 2. Gain, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 9, 331; [ʲñٲԳٰ] ii. [distich] 100. 3. Enjoying, [ʲñٲԳٰ] 202, 10.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Labha (लभ).—v. durlabha & sulabha.

--- OR ---

(ला�).—[masculine] finding, meeting with, getting, acquisition ([genetive] or —�); gain, advantage, capture, conquest; perception, knowledge.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Labha (लभ):—[from labh] See īṣa-, dur-, su-l.

2) (ला�):—[from labh] a m. meeting with, finding, [Manu-smṛti; Kathāsaritsāgara]

3) [v.s. ...] obtaining, getting, attaining, acquisition, gain, profit, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.

4) [v.s. ...] capture, conquest, [Harivaṃśa; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

5) [v.s. ...] apprehension, perception, knowledge, [Śaṃkarācārya; Sāhitya-darpaṇa; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

6) [v.s. ...] enjoying, [Monier-Williams� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

7) [v.s. ...] Name of the 11th astrological house or lunar mansion, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā] (also -ٳԲ, [Catalogue(s)])

8) c etc. See p.897, [column] 1.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

(ला�):�(�) 1. m. Gain, profit.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

(ला�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: .

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

(ला�) [Also spelled labh]:�(nm) profit; gain; advantage; benefit; dividend; ~[첹/첹/ī/ⲹ첹/ī] profitable; gainful; advantageous; beneficial; •[Dz] to bring grist to the mill; ~[īԲ] unprofitable; inadvantageous; thankless; hence ~[īԲtā] (nf).

context information

...

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Hindi from relevant books on

Prakrit-English dictionary

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Labha (लभ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Labh.

2) (ला�) also relates to the Sanskrit word: .

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Prakrit from relevant books on

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

(ಲಾ�):�

1) [noun] that which is got, obtained.

2) [noun] gain; profit or advantage.

3) [noun] the quality that makes a thing useful or suitable for a given purpose; use.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Kannada from relevant books on

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) (ला�):—n. 1. merit; benefit; advantage; 2. profit; gain; 3. information; learning; 4. benevolence; service of other; welfare;

2) (लाभा):—n. lava;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Discover the meaning of labha in the context of Nepali from relevant books on

See also (Relevant definitions)

Relevant text

Related products

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: