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In Hinduism

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: ISKCON Press: Glossary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��).鈥擜 sweetly-flavored reddish cosmetic powder which is thrown on the bodies of worshipable persons, also used by married women to decorate their foreheads.

: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd Edition

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to:鈥擜 reddish powder or liquid used by married women to apply to the part in their hair. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).

: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd Edition

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ) refers to:鈥擜 reddish powder. (cf. Glossary page from Arcana-d墨pik膩).

context information

Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢aivism

碍耻峁僰耻尘腻 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ啶�) is the consort of M墨nan膩tha (also known as Pi峁単alan膩tha), an incarnation of Siddhan膩tha in the fourth yuga, belonging to the P奴rv膩mn膩ya (鈥榚astern doctrine鈥�) tradition of Kula 艢aivism, according to the Ci帽cin墨matas膩rasamuccaya. Her name can also be spelled 碍耻峁卥耻尘腻. Siddhan膩tha incarnates as a Kaula master in each of the four yugas.

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢aivism

碍耻峁卥耻尘腻 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮ぎ啶�) is the consort of M墨nan膩tha (also known as Pi峁単alan膩tha), an incarnation of Siddhan膩tha in the fourth yuga, belonging to the P奴rv膩mn膩ya (鈥榚astern doctrine鈥�) tradition of Kula 艢aivism, according to the Ci帽cin墨matas膩rasamuccaya. Her name can also be spelled 碍耻峁僰耻尘腻. Siddhan膩tha incarnates as a Kaula master in each of the four yugas.

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram (shaivism)

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ) refers to 鈥渧ermillion鈥�, according to the 艢r墨matottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjik膩matatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjik膩 cult. Accordingly, 鈥淥 goddess, Svacchanda is in the middle, within the abode of the triangle. Very powerful, he has five faces with three times five flaming eyes. [...] O beautiful lady, this, the western one, is yellow like vermillion [i.e., 办耻峁僰耻尘补] mixed with musk. Divine, it generates great energy. (The southern face) is somewhat fierce with large sharp teeth and long red eyes. It is blue like a blue lotus and blue collyrium. Beautiful and fierce, he wears a gem and a snake and his hair is brown. He is called Aghora, contemplating (him) he bestows success in every enterprise鈥�.

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥� (perfume), according to the 13th-century Matsyendrasa峁僪it膩: a Kubjik膩-Tripur膩 oriented Tantric Yoga text of the 峁�a岣峚nvaya艣膩mbhava tradition from South India.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸Visualisation of Parame艣vara]:鈥擺...] His heart is agitated with sexual desire. His lotus face displays a faint smile. This is how the Yogin should visualise his body for a long time, as transformed into 艢iva. All his limbs are perfumed with sandal, aloe, camphor, musk and saffron (办耻峁卥耻尘补). He has a beautiful face. He is surrounded by millions of gem islands, in a chamber on a fine bed鈥�.

: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥� (used for scenting the earth), according to the Netratantra of K峁�emar膩ja: a 艢aiva text from the 9th century in which 艢iva (Bhairava) teaches P膩rvat墨 topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.鈥擜ccordingly, [verse 2.17-19]鈥斺�淭he pure-souled 膧c膩rya should draw an eight petaled lotus, in smooth, pure earth [that is] smeared with sandal and aloe wood [and] scented [with] fragrant camphor and strong saffron (办耻峁卥耻尘补-膩moda-sevita). After he has drawn [the lotus] with a great undertaking, [the 膧carya,] decorated and adorned with a crown, smeared with sandalwood, [writes] the 尘腻迟峁沰腻. Having placed 辞峁� in the middle [on the pericarp of the lotus], he should draw [the phonemes of the 尘腻迟峁沰腻 on the petals] starting in the East鈥�.

context information

Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, forming part of a common diet in ancient Kashmir (Ka艣m墨ra) as mentioned in the N墨lamatapur膩峁嘺.鈥敯�耻峁卥耻尘补 is referred to often in connection with the worship of the deities (verses 417, 494, 550). Bilha峁嘺 and Kalha峁嘺 also speak of its abundance in the valley of Ka艣m墨ra. Most of the references to the articles of diet occur in the N墨lamata in connection with the offerings made to the gods but it is not difficult to infer from them the food and drink of the common people because 鈥渨hat a man eats his gods eat鈥�.

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron flowers鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.2.22. Accordingly as 艢iva said to Sit膩:鈥斺�淸...] O my beloved, beautiful woman, clouds will not reach the place where I have to make an abode for you. [...] O Goddess of Devas, there are many beautiful blue lotuses emitting sweet fragrance. On the banks there are many grass lands, small and big trees and the saffron flowers (办耻峁卥耻尘补) increasing the fragrance of the waters with which the lakes are full鈥�.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渧ermillion鈥�, according to the 峁�a峁璼膩hasrasa峁僪it膩, an expansion of the Kubjik膩matatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjik膩 cult.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he colour of coral, she is the Triangle and her form is subtle. At dawn in the morning I praise the red Mother, the form of Kubjik膩. At midday I praise the youthful Kulakubjik膩 who, the colour of vermillion water [i.e., 办耻峁卥耻尘补-udaka-r奴p膩], is Kaulin墨 whose form is Ku峁囜笉alin墨. Dark blue and red, with three eyes, large teeth and face deformed, at dusk I worship the great Aged One, the Kubjik膩 of liberation鈥�.

: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of 艢iva (shaktism)

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ) or 碍耻峁僰耻尘补tantra refers to one of the twenty-eight G膩ru岣峚tantras, belonging to the 艢腻办迟腻驳补尘补 (or 艢膩ktatantra) division of the 膧驳补尘补 tradition. The 艢腻办迟腻驳补尘补s represent the wisdom imparted by Dev墨 to 莫艣vara and convey the idea that the worship of 艢akti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Prati峁ａ弓h膩lak峁�a峁嘺samuccaya of Vairocana, the 艢膩ktatantras are divided into to four parts, the 碍耻峁僰耻尘补 belonging to the Garu岣峚 class.

context information

Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

: Ancient Science of Life: Evaluation of 颁测补惫补苍补辫谤腻艣补 on Health and Immunity related Parameters in Healthy Children

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to the medicinal plant known as Crocus sativus, sty./stg., and is used in the Ayurvedic formulation known as 颁测补惫补苍补辫谤腻艣补: an Ayurvedic health product that helps in boosting immunity.鈥敯洳獠贡共共圆贡璋�腻艣�� has been found to be effective as an immunity booster, vitalizer and a preventer of day to day infections and allergies such as common cold and cough etc. It is a classical Ayurvedic formulation comprising ingredients such as 碍耻峁卥耻尘补. [...] 颁测补惫补苍补辫谤腻艣补 can be consumed in all seasons as it contains weather friendly ingredients which nullify unpleasant effects due to extreme environmental and climatic conditions.

: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to the medicinal plant known as 鈥淐rocus sativus Linn.鈥� and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogas膩rasa峁単raha (Yogasara-sa峁単raha) by V膩sudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogas膩rasa峁僩raha [mentioning 办耻峁卥耻尘补] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (产丑补颈峁�a箩测补-办补濒辫补苍腻) which is a branch of pharmacology (诲谤补惫测补驳耻峁嘺).

: Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts: Volume 12 (1898) (ay)

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) [=办耻峁卥耻尘补-膩dya-taila] refers to one of the topics discussed in the 惭补诲丑耻尘补迟墨, a Sanskrit manuscript ascribed to N峁泂i峁僪a Kavir膩ja collected in volume 12 of the catalogue 鈥淣otices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (second series)鈥� by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri.鈥擳he 惭补诲丑耻尘补迟墨 manuscript, consisting of 5,586 艣lokas (metrical verses), is housed in Dhaka with Babu Bhagavancandra Dasa Kaviraja. It seemingly addresses topics related to Medicinal, Herbal, and Iatrochemical preparations. The catalogue includes the term鈥敯�耻峁卥耻尘补-膩dya-taila in its 鈥榮ubject-matter list鈥� or Vi峁�aya (which lists topics, chapters and technical terms). The complete entry reads鈥�办耻峁卥耻尘腻诲测补迟补颈濒补惫颈诲丑腻苍补尘.

Cikitsa (natural therapy and treatment for medical conditions)

: Ancient Science of Life: Botanical identification of plants described in M膩dhava Cikits膩

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to the medicinal plant Crocus sativus L., and is used in the treatment of 补迟颈蝉腻谤补 (diarrhoea), according to the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (as well as the Pharmacopoeia).鈥擜tis膩ra refers to a condition where there are three or more loose or liquid stools (bowel movements) per day or more stool than normal. The second chapter of the M膩dhavacikits膩 explains several preparations [including 碍耻峁卥耻尘补] through 60 Sanskrit verses about treating this problem.

The plant plant Crocus sativus L. (碍耻峁卥耻尘补) is known as Kunduru according to the 7th century M膩dhavacikits膩 chapter 2.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

: archive.org: Vagbhata鈥檚 Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, which is mentioned in verse 3.15 of the 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补丑峁沝补测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 (S奴trasth膩na) by 痴腻驳产丑补峁璦.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] Passionate (and) lovely women with exuberant thighs, breasts, and buttocks take away the cold, their body being hot with incense, saffron [viz., 办耻峁卥耻尘补], and youth. [...]鈥�.

Note: The instrumental dvandva 鈥�诲丑奴辫补办耻峁卥耻尘补yauvanai岣�鈥濃�斺�渨ith incense, saffron, and youth鈥� has been disconnected from its governing noun, separated into its three components, and converted by the requisite additions and alterations into a series of subject attributes: 诲丑奴辫补 (鈥渋ncense鈥�) becoming spos-kyis bdugs (鈥渇umigated with incense鈥�), 办耻峁卥耻尘补 (鈥渟补蹿蹿谤辞苍鈥�)鈥�gur-gum-gyis byugs (鈥渁nointed with saffron鈥�), and yauvana (鈥测辞耻迟丑鈥�)鈥�驳藕辞苍 (鈥測oung鈥�). At the same time, 诲丑奴辫补 and 办耻峁卥耻尘补 have been interchanged, 鈥�sllos (for spos) in C and probably also bdug (for bdugs) in CD are xylographical errors.

context information

膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

: Journal of the University of Bombay Volume V: Apabhramsa metres (2)

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ) is the name of an Apabhra峁兣沘 metre classified as Dvipadi (metres with two lines in a stanza) discussed in books such as the Chandonu艣膩sana, Kavidarpa峁嘺, V峁泃taj膩tisamuccaya and Svayambh奴chandas.鈥敯�耻峁僰耻尘补 has 27 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in a line. 碍耻峁僰耻尘补 and Karp奴ra together are known as the Ull膩las and were held in great favour by the bards of Magadha.

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Chandas (啶涏え啷嵿う啶膏��) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) 碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to a 鈥渃rimson color鈥� [?], according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩 (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var膩hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚f in 艢i艣ira (February, March) the sun be of copper colour or red black, if, in Vasanta (April, May), blue crimson [i.e., 办耻峁卥耻尘补], if, in Gr墨峁�ma (June, July), slightly white and of gold color, if, in Var峁Ｄ� (August, September), white, if, in 艢arada (October, November), of the colour of the centre of the lotus, if, in Hemanta (December, January), of blood color, mankind will be happy. If, in Var峁Ｄ� (August, September), the rays of the sun be soft, mankind will be happy even though the sun should be of any of the colors mentioned above鈥�.

2) 碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩 (chapter 10).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚f the course of Saturn should lie through the constellation of Vi艣膩kh膩, the Trigartas, the Chinese and the Kul奴tas, saffron [i.e., 办耻峁卥耻尘补], lac, crops and everything of bright, red or crimson colour will suffer. If the course of Saturn should lie through the constellation of Anur膩dh膩, the Kul奴tas, the Ta峁単a峁嘺s, the Khasas, the people of K膩艣m墨ra, ministers, drivers and bell-ringers will suffer, and friends will turn into enemies鈥�.

: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)

1) 碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥� representing an ingredient for creating the forehead mark (tilaka), according to Hemavijaya Ga峁噄n鈥檚 Kath膩ratn膩kara (A.D. 1600).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he Br膩hma峁嘺, who is especially well-versed in the whole range of astral science, wore a forehead mark made of saffron and rice-grains [i.e., vinirmita-办耻峁卥耻尘补-ta峁囜笉ula-tilaka]鈥攞The round vessel is made of ten palas of copper. In the 驳丑补峁璱办腻 [bowl] the height should be made of six 补峁単耻濒补蝉. The diameter there should be made to the measure of twelve 补峁単耻濒补蝉. The good cherish a water clock that holds sixty palas of water}鈥攄ropped the bowl, made fully according to the aforementioned prescriptions, in a basin filled with clean water at the time of the setting of the divine sun鈥�.

2) 碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, representing the material to be used for the images (辫谤补迟颈尘腻) of the planet Mercury, according to the 膧艣val膩yana驳峁沨测补pari艣i峁ａ弓a (2.3).鈥擺Images of and offerings to grahas]鈥擳he materials which are used to compose the images (辫谤补迟颈尘腻) of the grahas are prescribed: red copper (Sun), crystal (Moon), red sandal-wood (Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Venus), iron (Saturn), lead (R膩hu) and white copper (Ketu) [i.e., 办腻峁僺测补]. Such prescriptions for the planetary images are not found in 驳峁沨测补 texts except in the 膧艣val膩yana驳峁沨测补pari艣i峁ａ弓a (2.3) where the materials are almost the same as those in Y膩j帽avalkyasm峁泃i, the only difference being the use of saffron [i.e., 办耻峁卥耻尘补] for Mercury instead of gold. According to the 艢膩ntikalpa (13.3), red copper (Sun and Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Moon and Venus), and black iron (Saturn, R膩hu, and Ketu) are used.

context information

Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥�(grounded) saffron鈥� (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the 痴补箩谤补迟耻峁囜笉补蝉补尘补测补办补濒辫补谤腻箩补, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.鈥擜ccordingly [as the Bhagav膩n taught the detailed offering-manual], 鈥淸...] Four N膩ga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Retinues of seven should be made for each. They should be three-, two- or five-headed and their bodies should be smeared with various fragrances. Having ground sandal, red sandal, fragrant sandal, padmaka wood and saffron (办耻峁卥耻尘补), it should be scattered along with fumigation. [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

In Jainism

Jain philosophy

: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, as occurring in the 础苍别办腻苍迟补箩补测补辫补迟腻办腻-辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺, a 艢vet膩mbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra S奴ri.鈥擺Cf. Vol. II, P. 40, l. 27]鈥斺�槹�耻峁卥耻尘补鈥� means 鈥渟affron鈥�. This word occurs in N墨ti艣ataka (1.10.25) and Tisatthimah膩purisa-gu峁嚹乴a峁卥膩ra (I, 16). The Gujarati word 办耻峁僰耻 based upon this word does not mean saffron at least now-a-days.

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General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Economic Life In Ancient India (as depicted in Jain canonical literature)

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�: a product of flowers (辫耻峁�p补) commonly used in for personal and commercial purposes in ancient India. It can also be spelled like 碍耻峁僰耻尘补 and it is also known as Kesara. People were fond of flowers. The groves and gardens were maintained for recreational purpose. The Jain canonical texts frequently mention different horticulture products viz. fruits, vegetables and flowers which depict that horticulture was a popular pursuit of the people at that time. Gardens and parks (腻谤腻尘补, 耻箩箩腻峁嘺 or 苍颈箩箩补峁嘺) were full of fruits and flowers of various kinds which besides yielding their products provided a calm andquiet place where people could enjoy the natural surroundings.

The flowers and their products (e.g., 碍耻峁卥耻尘补) fulfilled the aesthetic needs of the people. At the same time they had an economic importance in as much as some people depended on its trade. It is mentioned that people of Ko峁卥a峁嘺 maintained themselves by selling fruits and flowers. (see B峁沨atkalpas奴tra) Flower garlands and bouquet of various designs were prepared and sold. Saffron (办耻峁僰耻尘补 or kesara) was an important flower product. It yielded a good income to the producers. The flower attracted the bees who yielded honey (mahu, sanskrit: madhu) of different varieties, e. g. macchiya, 办耻峁�峁�颈测补, 产丑腻尘补谤补, etc.

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to a preparation of turmeric and chunam (lime). This is regularly used for the tilaka on the forehead, for decorating elephants, etc. It is to be noted that saffron is spoken of as 鈥榬ed鈥�, not 鈥榶ellow鈥�. Though it produces a yellow color in puddings, etc., the powder from which the dye is made is an orange-red, made from the tip of the stigma. The blossoms are purple. The 办耻峁卥耻尘补 preparation is a decided red. Watt (鈥淭he Commercial Products of India鈥�), p. 429 f. Ka峁囜弓akita is used, of course, with double meaning. The bread fruit (panasa) has a spiny rind. Both the tree and the fruit are very large.

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) refers to 鈥渟affron鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淲hatever difficulties arise from life, they are each endured here by the embodied soul, only having taken hold of the body powerfully. The body of men also defiles auspicious things [such as] camphor, saffron (办耻峁卥耻尘补), aloe wood, musk, sandalwood because of [its] contact [with them]鈥�.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri鈥檚 Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ) refers to one of the various shops or 鈥渕arket places鈥� (Sanskrit: 贬补峁�峁�补, Prakrit: 颁补耻丑补峁�峁�补) for a medieval town in ancient India, which were vividly depicted in Kath膩s (narrative poems), for example, by Uddyotanas奴ri in his 8th-century Kuvalayam膩l膩.鈥擳he Kuvalayamala (779 A.D.) is full of cultural material which gains in value because of the firm date of its composition. [...] In the Kuvalayam膩l膩, some names of shops according to articles displayed in them is given, [i.e., 办耻峁僰耻尘补] [...] Thus Uddyotana has in his view a complete form of a medieval market place with the number of lines full of different commodities.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Kunkuma in India is the name of a plant defined with Crocus sativus in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Geanthus autumnalis Raf. (among others).

2) Kunkuma is also identified with Euonymus tingens.

3) Kunkuma is also identified with Zanthoxylum nitidum It has the synonym Fagara nitida Roxb. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Flora Hainanica (1974)
· Systema Naturae (1759)
· BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2004)
· Flora Indica (1824)
· Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains (1834)
· M茅moires Pr茅sent茅s 脿 l鈥橝cad茅mie Imp茅riale des Sciences de St.-P茅tersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses Assembl茅es (1833)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Kunkuma, for example chemical composition, side effects, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

办耻峁卥耻尘补 : (nt.) saffron.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补, (nt.) (cp. Sk. 办耻峁卥耻尘补) saffron Miln. 382; Vism. 241. (Page 218)

: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary

1) 办耻峁卥耻尘补 (醼�醼�醼勧�横�贯��醼�醼�) [(ti) (醼愥��)]鈥�
[办耻峁卥耻尘补+峁嘺]
摆醼赌醼�岫膭岫暮岫墓岫亩尼��岫��+醼庐

2) 办耻峁卥耻尘补 (醼�醼�醼勧�横�贯��醼�醼�) [(na) (醼�)]鈥�
[kuka+uma锛巏u- niggal膩锛�,峁�墨锛�147锛巏amu+uma锛巏amissa ku峁卥膩deso,kam墨yabh墨ti 办耻峁卥耻尘补峁冿紟,7锛�131锛巏ukyate 膩d墨yate 办耻峁卥耻尘补峁冿紟thoma锛�(办耻峁僰耻尘补峁�,p墨cad墨)]
[醼�醼�醼�+醼メ�欋亱 醼�醼�-醼戓��醼� 醼斸��醼傖�贯�傖�熱��醼愥�横�溼��醽� 醼撫��醼斸�横亰醼嬦��醽嬦亖醽勧亣醽� 醼�醼欋��+醼メ�欋亱 醼�醼欋��醼� 醼�醼�醼勧�横�贯��醼�醼掅�贬�炨�贬��醽� 醼�醼欋��醼氠�樶��醼愥�� 醼�醼�醼勧�横�贯��醼�醼欋�夺亱 醼欋�贬��醼傖�横亰醽囜亱醽佱亙醽佱亱 醼�醼�醼�醼会�愥�� 醼♂��醼掅��醼氠�愥�� 醼�醼�醼勧�横�贯��醼�醼欋�夺亱 醼戓�贬��醼欋亱 (醼�醼�醼夺��醼�醼欋�夺亰 醼曖��醼♂��醼横�呩�♂��醼羔�掅��)]

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

办耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ).鈥攎 S Saffron, Crocus sativus. 2 n A powder. See the popular 办耻峁卥奴峁�. Ex. 膩pul膿 ni岣峢a岣纺�帽c膿峁� ku峁�0 k膩岣峢il膿峁� ||.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

办耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ).鈥�n A powder prepared from turmeric coloured with lemon-juice, &c. It is rubbed by married women on the forehead. 办耻峁卥奴峁� j膩峁嚹撫箖 To suffer the wane or departure of its glory–used of a business &c. 办耻峁卥奴峁� ba岣穉ka峁環a h艒峁嚹撫箖 To have the destiny of an abiding 办耻峁卥奴峁� i. e., to be able to preserve one's husband long in life. ku峁卥奴 sarasa h艒峁嚹撫箖-kara峁嚹撫箖 To stand fast in the enjoyment of wife-(unwidowed) honours.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��).鈥�

1) Saffron; 啶侧�椸�嵿え啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮ぎ啶曕�囙じ啶班ぞ啶ㄠ�� (lagna办耻峁卥耻尘补kesar膩n) (蝉办补苍诲丑腻苍); R. 4.67; 峁歵usa峁僪膩ra 4.2;5.9; 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 1.1,25.

2) Saffron paint; 掳啶�啶む�嵿ぐ啶班�囙�栢ぞ啶掂�堗う啶椸�嵿ぇ啷嵿く啶� 啶溹す啶むた 啶曕お啷嬥げ啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮ぎ啶距え啶� (patrarekh膩vaidagdhya峁� jahati kapolaku峁卥um膩ni) M膩lat墨m膩dhava (Bombay) 1.37.

Derivable forms: 办耻峁卥耻尘补m (啶曕�佮とē嵿�曕�佮ぎ啶�啷�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��).鈥攎.

(-尘补岣�) Saffron, (Crocus sativus.) E. kuki to take, and umak aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��).鈥攏. Saffron, Crocus sativus, [叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈, (ed. Bohlen.)] 1, 9.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��).鈥擺masculine] saffron.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��):鈥�n. saffron (Crocus sativus, the plant and the pollen of the flowers), [Su艣ruta; Raghuva峁兣沘; 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��):鈥�(尘补岣�) 1. m. Saffron.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

碍耻峁卥耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�權�嵿�曕�佮��) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 碍耻峁僰补尘补.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (啶曕�佮�傕�曕�佮ぎ):鈥�(nf) saffron; rouge.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

碍耻峁僰耻尘补 (嗖曕硜嗖傕矔喑佮伯):鈥�

1) [noun] = 嗖曕硜嗖傕矔喑佮伯嗖曕硣嗖膏舶嗖� [kumkumakesari].

2) [noun] the tree Mallotus philippensis (= Rottlera tinctoria) of Euphorbiaceae family; scarlet croton.

3) [noun] a bright-red or slightly orange powder applied by women (other than widows) on their foreheads, as an auspicious sign and also used in worshipping a deity; vermilion powder.

4) [noun] a disease that reduces the grains of wheat into red coloured powder.

5) [noun] (fig.) the fortune of a woman of applying the saffron powder on her forehead as a sign of her husband being alive, considered as the most auspicious thing by the Hindu women.

6) [noun] a person who is the pride of the society.

7) [noun] 嗖曕硜嗖傕矔喑佮伯 嗖灌矚喑嵿矚喑� [kumkuma haccu] ku艐kuma haccu to apply saffron powder on the forehead; 2. (fig.) to bind (a girl) by a promise of marriage.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Kuka, Kunkuma, Uma, Na.

Starts with (+15): Kumkumabala, Kumkumagarane, Kumkumakesari, Kumkumaraga, Kumkumarasa, Kumkumaroga, Kumkumashaila, Kumkumavilasa, Kunkuma-chettu, Kunkuma-puvva, Kunkumacandanadi, Kunkumada-mara, Kunkumadana, Kunkumadi, Kunkumadri, Kunkumakriti, Kunkumalola, Kunkumam, Kunkumamoda, Kunkumapanka.

Full-text (+148): Kunkumaruna, Gramyakunkuma, Trinakunkuma, Kunkumodaka, Kunkumappu, Kunkumatamra, Kunkumarenu, Kunkumapanka, Kunkumam, Cenkunkumam, Kumkumakesari, Kunkumiya, Kunkumarasi, Kunkumatupam, Kunkumacceppu, Kumkumabala, Kunkumakta, Kunkumappottu, Kunkumadi, Kunkumanka.

Relevant text

Search found 98 books and stories containing Kunkuma, 碍耻峁卥耻尘腻, 碍耻峁卥耻尘补, 碍耻峁僰耻尘腻, 碍耻峁僰耻尘补, Kumkuma, Kunkuma-na, 碍耻峁卥耻尘补-峁嘺, Kuka-uma; (plurals include: Kunkumas, 碍耻峁卥耻尘腻s, 碍耻峁卥耻尘补s, 碍耻峁僰耻尘腻s, 碍耻峁僰耻尘补s, Kumkumas, nas, 峁嘺s, umas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)

Verse 1735: The Five Faces of Sadasiva and their Hues < [Tantra Seven (elam tantiram) (verses 1704-2121)]

Verse 1004: Fragrant Ingredients for Worship < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]

Verse 1368: Smear Chakra With Nine Perfumes < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]

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Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 4.12.10 < [Chapter 12 - The Story of the Gop墨s That In the Holi Festival Displayed Three Transcendental Virtues]

Verse 4.12.14 < [Chapter 12 - The Story of the Gop墨s That In the Holi Festival Displayed Three Transcendental Virtues]

Verse 2.20.4 < [Chapter 20 - The R膩sa-dance Pastime]

+ 7 more chapters / show preview

Sanatkumara Samhita

verse 56

verse 227-229

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Narada Purana (English translation) (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 56.10 - Description of the Tail of the Dragon (Ketuc膩ra) < [Part 2 - Dvit墨ya-p膩da]

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Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)

Pu峁�p膩dhy膩ya (Chapter on flowers) [Pu峁�pa-adhy膩ya] < [Section 1 - Prabh膩sa-k峁�etra-m膩h膩tmya]

Chapter 42 - Ca峁囜笉墨艣a < [Section 1 - Prabh膩sa-k峁�etra-m膩h膩tmya]

Chapter 95 - Greatness of M峁泃yu帽jaya < [Section 1 - Prabh膩sa-k峁�etra-m膩h膩tmya]

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Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by 艢r墨 艢r墨mad Bhaktived膩nta N膩r膩yana Gosv膩m墨 Mah膩r膩ja)

Verse 1.7.144 < [Chapter 7 - P奴r峁嘺 (pinnacle of excellent devotees)]

Verse 1.7.157-158 < [Chapter 7 - P奴r峁嘺 (pinnacle of excellent devotees)]

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