Catura: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Catura means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chatura.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra1) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥擮ne of the 108 办补谤补峁嘺蝉 (minor dance movement) mentioned in the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 4. The instructions for this 肠补迟耻谤补-办补谤补峁嘺 is as follows, 鈥渢he left hand with A帽cita, (i.e., Alapallava) gesture, the right hand with Catura gesture, the right feet in Ku峁弓ita (i.e. Udgha峁弓ita) pose.鈥�. A 办补谤补峁嘺 represents a minor dance movements and combines 蝉迟丑腻苍补 (standing position), 肠腻谤墨 (foot and leg movement) and 苍峁泃迟补丑补蝉迟补 (hands in dancing position).
2) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ, 鈥渃lever鈥�) also refers to a specific gesture (腻峁単颈办补) made with the eyebrows (产丑谤奴), according to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 8. These gestures of the eyelids (辫耻峁璦) are supposed to be performed in accordance with the corresponding gestures of the eyeballs (迟腻谤腻) and the eyelids (辫耻峁璦). These gestures form a part of the histrionic representation (abhinaya).
(Instructions): slightly moving and excending (?) the eyebrows in a pleasing manner. (Uses): in love (艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补), sportiveness (lalita), pleasing object (saumya), pleasing touch and awakening (蝉耻办丑补蝉辫补谤艣补).
3) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) also refers to a gesture (腻峁単颈办补) made with a 鈥榮ingle hand鈥� (补蝉补峁儁耻迟补), according to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 8. The hands (hasta) form a part of the human body which represents one of the six major limbs (补峁単补) used in dramatic performance. With these limbs are made the various gestures (腻峁単颈办补), which form a part of the histrionic representation (abhinaya).
(Instructions): The four fingers stretched and the thumb bent near the middle finger. (Uses): It is to be applied in representing policy, discipline, penance, cleverness, a young girl, a sick person, perfidy, gambling, proper words, salutary truth, and tranquillity.
: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)1) One of six movements of the Brows: Catura: the brows meeting and faintly quivering. It is used in touching one another鈥檚 face, heart鈥檚 bliss, and excitement.
2) One of the Twenty-eight Single Hands (hasta):鈥擟atura: the thumb is bent to touch the base of the third finger, the first and adjoining fingers outstretched together, and the little finger extended (separately). Usage: musk, a little,gold, copper etc., wet, sorrow, aesthetic emotion (谤补蝉腻蝉惫腻诲补),eyes, difference of caste, oath, playful converse (sarasa), slowstepping,breaking to pieces, seat (腻蝉补苍补), oil or 驳丑墨, etc.
According to another book: in the Pa迟腻ka hand, the thumb is made to touch the middle line of the third finger, and the Kttlefinger is stretched out. It originates from Ka艣yapa, who usedthis hand to show the way to Garu岣峚 when he wished to steal thenectar. Its sage is Valakhilya, its colour variegated, its racemixed, its patron deity Vainateya. Usage: gorocana, dust, playful converse, red paint (laktaka), concentration of mind (or attention), camphor, eye, chin, earring, face, brow, side glance, beloved, policy, musk, sugar, honey, oil, 驳丑墨, cleverness, mirror, gold, diamond, emerald, sufiiciency, a little, a moderate quantityof anything, indigo, white colour, mixed caste, sword, cheek, tip of the ear.
: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian Style (natya)Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) refers to 鈥渆xpanding the eye-brows slightly up鈥�, and is classified as one of the seven movements of the eye-brows, which forms a part of 耻辫腻峁単补 (minor body-parts) in N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra. Catura can be used in amorous gestures, grace, calmness, touching.
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)1) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) refers to one of the twenty-two 础蝉补峁儁耻办迟补丑补蝉迟补蝉 or 鈥渟ingle hand gestures鈥� (in Indian Dramas), according to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擳he 丑补蝉迟补-尘耻诲谤腻蝉 (lit. 鈥渉and-gestures鈥�) are very essential to denote some particular action or state in dancing and these 尘耻诲谤腻蝉 are formed with the help of hands and fingers.鈥擳he 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 says that in catura-hasta, the middle finger of the hand remains vertical, the thumb should be kept in the middle and the rest of the fingers are stretched out. According to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, some colours are pointed with this hand gesture. When the hand is raised in catura posture, it denotes white colour. When the hand moves in circular way and in semi-circular motion in catura-hasta, it denotes yellow and red colour respectively. In compacted form it shows blue colour. When the hand is kept in normal position with catura-hasta, it denotes black and the other remaining colours.
Instead of showing colours, in the 础产丑颈苍补测补诲补谤辫补峁嘺 the catura posture denotes some metals like gold, copper and iron. This posture also shows the application of some greasy substances like oil, ghee etc on the face.
2) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) refers to one of the 108 kinds of Kar补峁嘺 (鈥渃oordination of precise movements of legs and hands鈥�), according to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺.鈥擜ccordingly, 办补谤补峁嘺蝉 are the coordination of precise movements of legs and hands performed in a particular posture. The N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra also gives its view point in the same spirit. In the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, one hundred and eight kinds of 办补谤补峁嘺蝉 are accepted, e.g., Catura.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsCatu谤腻 (啶氞い啷佮ぐ啶�) refers to 鈥渟kilful (examination)鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淎 bad birth is hard to be accomplished even in a dream for him whose judgment, which is extremely skilful at examination (惫颈肠腻谤补-肠补迟耻谤腻) like a door-keeper, shines in the mind. Having got rid of the multitude of imaginings, when the steady mind holds onto [its] nature, then it is indeed the best [form of] stopping the influx of karma for a mendicant鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryCatura.鈥攃f. caturaka; a square. Note: catura is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarycatura : (adj.) clever; skilled; shrewd.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryCatura, (Deriv. uncertain. Perhaps from tvar to move, that is quickly. Sk. catura) clever, skilled, shrewd J. III, 266; VI, 25.鈥擠er. f. abstr. 肠补迟耻谤补迟腻 cleverness Vbh. 351 (=c腻turiya). (Page 261)
[Pali to Burmese]
: Sutta: Tipi峁璦ka P腻岣穒-Myanmar Dictionary (醼愥��曖��嬦��-醼曖��犪��欋�坚�斸�横�欋�� 醼♂�樶��撫��斸��)1) catura鈥�
(Burmese text): (醽�) 醼溼��欋�贯�欋��-醼�醼会�结�欋�横�羔��醼会�勧��-醼炨�贬�亰 醼炨�搬亱 (醽�) 醼愥�勧�丰�横�愥�氠��-醼呩�夺�曖�氠��-醼炨�贬�亰 醼愥�勧�丰�横�愥�氠��-醼呩�夺�曖�氠��-醼佱�坚�勧�横�羔�斸�踞�勧�丰�横�曖�坚�娽�丰�横�呩��夺�炨�贬�亰 醼炨�搬亱
(Auto-Translation): (1) A clever and skillful person. (2) A person who is elegant, graceful, and complete in elegance and grace.
2) 肠腻迟耻谤补鈥�
(Burmese text): 醼愥�勧�丰�横�愥�氠��-醼呩�夺�曖�氠��-醼炨�贬�亱
(Auto-Translation): Slim-Standard-Quality.
3) 肠腻迟耻谤补鈥�
(Burmese text): 醼氠�囜�横�曖�搬�囜�贬��横�佱�坚�勧�横�羔�勧�踞�� 醼曖�坚��曖�坚�勧�横�呩��涐�勧�横�♂�曖�横�炨�贬��-醼♂��醼会�娽�横�欋�坚�勧�丰��-醼�醼�斸�横�羔�欋�坚�勧�丰�横亱
(Auto-Translation): For the purpose of worship, high-quality and elevated attire is required.
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥攁 (S) Shrewd, sagacious, intelligent, ingenious, clever.
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肠腻迟耻谤补 (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�).鈥攁 (S Common in poetry and ballads.) Shrewd, sagacious, intelligent, ingenious, clever.
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c腻t奴ra (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�).鈥攁 (肠腻迟耻谤补 S) Shrewd, sagacious &c.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥�a Shrewd, sagacious, intelligent, ingenious, clever.
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肠腻迟耻谤补 (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�).鈥�a Shrewd, clever.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥�a. [cat-urac]
1) Clever, skilful, ingenious, sharp-witted; 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶距い啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠぞ 啶班い啶苦啶ムぞ啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷囙さ 啶︵啶む (sarv腻tman腻 ratikath腻catureva d奴t墨) Mu.3.9; Amaru艣ataka 15.44; 啶啶椸く啶� 啶溹す啶距ぐ 啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷囙さ 啶曕ぞ啶た啶ㄠ (m峁沢ay腻 jah腻ra catureva k腻min墨) R.9.69;18.15.
2) Quick, swift.
3) Charming, beautiful, lovely, agreeable; 啶� 啶啶ㄠぐ啷囙い啶� 啶椸い啶� 啶氞い啷佮ぐ啶� 啶掂く啶� (na punareti gata峁� catura峁� vaya岣�) R.9.47; Kum腻rasambhava 1.47; 3.5;5.49.
-谤补岣� 1 A round pillow.
2) Crooked gait.
3) An elephant's stable.
-ram 1 Cleverness, ingenuity.
2) An elephant's stable.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥攎fn.
(-谤补岣�-谤腻-谤补峁�) 1. Dexterous, ingenious, clever. 2. Visible, perceptible. m.
(-谤补岣�) 1. A round pillow, one for the cheek. 3. An elephant stable. E. cat to ask, Unadi affix urac.
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颁腻迟耻谤补 (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�).鈥攎fn.
(-谤补岣�-谤墨-谤补峁�) 1. Perceptible, visible. 2. Speaking well or amiably. 3. Driving, one who drives, a driver, a charioteer, &c. 4. Clever, able, ingenious. 5. Relating to four. f. (-谤墨) Dexterity, ability, cleverness. m.
(-谤补岣�) A small round pillow for resting the cheek upon. n.
(-谤补峁�) a four-wheeled carriage, a cart holding four people. E. catura dexterous, or catur four, 补峁� affix; also with kan added 肠腻迟耻谤补ka.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥擨. adj., f. 谤腻. 1. Dexterous, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 161, 2. 2. Ingenious, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 158, 9. 3. Charming, [Raghuva峁兣沘, (ed. Stenzler.)] 8, 94. 4. Quick, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 3, 176; 潞谤补尘, adv. 188. Ii. n. Cleverness, [Amaru艣ataka, (ed. Calcutt.)] 20.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥�1. [adjective] swift, quick, dexterous, clever, skilful in (鈥斅�); [abstract] 迟腻 [feminine], tva [neuter]
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Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ).鈥�2. (鈥斅�) v. 肠补迟惫腻谤.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ):鈥擺from 肠补迟补蝉峁�] 1. catura mfn. ifc. = tur (cf. upaand tri-, [P腻峁噄ni 5-4, 77], [vArttika]; a-,vi-,su-, [Vopadeva vi, 29])
2) 2. catura mf(腻 cf. [gana] ar艣a-腻di)n. (鈭�cat, [U峁嚹錮i-s奴tra]) swift, quick, [Kath腻sarits腻gara x, 108; 搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹� iii, 176]
3) dexterous, clever, ingenious, shrewd, [Raghuva峁兣沘; Vikramorva艣墨; Kum腻ra-sambhava; 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] etc.
4) charming, agreeable, [Raghuva峁兣沘; Bhart峁沨ari]
5) visible, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) m. a round pillow (cf. c腻t), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) the fish Cyprinus Rohita, [Demetrius Galanos鈥檚 Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
8) ([scilicet] hasta) a particular position of the hand, [Pu谤腻峁嘺-sarvasva]
9) n. = -迟腻 [gana] ar艣a-腻di
10) an elephant鈥檚 stable, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) 颁腻迟耻谤补 (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�):鈥�1. 肠腻迟耻谤补 mfn. ([from] catur) drawn by 4 (a carriage), [P腻峁噄ni 4-2, 92; K腻艣ik腻-v峁泃ti]
12) 2. 肠腻迟耻谤补 mfn. ([from] 2. cat) clever, shrewd, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) speaking kindly, flattering, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) visible, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) governing, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) m. a small round pillow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. galla-c腻tur墨)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ):鈥擺(ra岣�-谤腻-谤补峁�) a.] Dexterous; perceptible. m. A round pillow, one for the cheek; elephant鈥檚 stable.
2) 颁腻迟耻谤补 (啶氞ぞ啶む啶�):鈥擺(ra岣�-谤腻-谤补峁�) a.] Perceptible; speaking well; clever; driving of four. m. A small round pillow. f. Dexterity. n. A carriage or cart for four people.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Catura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Caura.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ) [Also spelled chatur]:鈥�(a) clever, shrewd; wise; skilful, skilled; ~[迟腻/pana] cleverness, shrewdness; wisdom; skill.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCatura (嗖氞菠喑佮舶):鈥擺adjective] = 嗖氞菠喑� [catu].
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Catura (嗖氞菠喑佮舶):鈥�
1) [adjective] having or showing an alert mind or high intelligence; clever; intelligent; wise.
2) [adjective] characterised by much action or motion; lively, active, agile, quick.
3) [adjective] having ability; able to do things well; skilled; competent; capable.
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Catura (嗖氞菠喑佮舶):鈥�
1) [noun] an intelligent, clever man.
2) [noun] a capable, competent man.
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颁腻迟耻谤补 (嗖氞簿嗖む硜嗖�):鈥�
1) [adjective] skilful, talented; quick to understand or react.
2) [adjective] pleasing to the senses; pleasant; beautiful; enticing.
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颁腻迟耻谤补 (嗖氞簿嗖む硜嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] the quality of being ingenious; cleverness; ingenuity.
2) [noun] the act of speaking pleasing words (mainly to gratify another).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryCatura (啶氞い啷佮ぐ):鈥攁dj. 1. clever; skillful; adroit; 2. quick; active; vigorous; 3. beautiful; affectionate;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Nura, Catura, Ura, Na.
Starts with (+11): Caturabdhi, Caturabhava, Caturacudamani, Caturadhipati, Caturadhitthana, Caturadhyayi, Caturadhyayika, Caturadhyayika shaunakiya, Caturaga, Caturagamana, Caturaghata, Caturagnivant, Caturagnivat, Caturahara, Caturahasta, Caturaji, Caturajna, Caturakalli, Caturakkha, Caturakrama.
Full-text (+172): Caturanga, Caturanana, Caturangula, Caturata, Caturashra, Caturashramya, Tricatura, Acatura, Upacatura, Acaturam, Caturam, Caturiya, Caturaka, Caturika, Padacatura, Dvitricaturam, Caturakalli, Caturatva, Caturakrama, Upacaturam.
Relevant text
Search found 60 books and stories containing Catura, 颁腻迟耻谤补, C腻t奴ra, Cata-ura, Cata-nura, Cata-峁噓ra, Catura-na, Catura-峁嘺; (plurals include: Caturas, 颁腻迟耻谤补s, C腻t奴ras, uras, nuras, 峁噓ras, nas, 峁嘺s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
Page 694 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Page 498 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D腻sa)
Text 10.52 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 16.3 < [Chapter 16 - Results of the Nak峁tras]
Verse 18.1 < [Chapter 18 - Disposition of the Zodiac Signs]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by 艢r墨la R奴pa Gosv腻m墨)
Verse 3.3.44 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Verse 2.1.86 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibh腻va)]
Verse 2.4.57 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vy腻bhic腻ri-bh腻va)]
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 1979: Position of Sun in the Body < [Tantra Seven (elam tantiram) (verses 1704-2121)]
Verse 925: The Yantra for the Mantra Om Hari Hara < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]