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Significance of Vicara

Vicara is a multifaceted concept across different philosophies. In Jainism, it pertains to the shifting concerning objects, words, and activities, as well as a specific classification of fasting. In Vaishnavism, it signifies the ability to discriminate or judge. The Purana context presents Vicara as a self-enquiry process essential for understanding existence. Lastly, in Shaktism, it involves philosophical debate that can lead to confusion regarding ultimate reality. Thus, Vicara embodies critical thinking and inquiry across various traditions.1
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Synonyms: Contemplation, Reflection, Meditation, Consideration

In Dutch: Vicara; In German: Vicara; In Finnish: Vicara; In Swedish: Vicara; In Malay: Vicara; In French: Vicara; In Spanish: 痴颈肠补谤铆补

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Vicara'

Buddhism Books

Vicara in Buddhism signifies sustained application and thinking, essential for maintaining focused attention in meditation, ensuring consciousness remains anchored on the object of concentration, facilitating deeper meditative states (jhana).

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: A Manual of Abhidhamma

(1) The mental factor representing sustained application, it involves the examination and exploration of the object of meditation.[1] (2) Sustained Application, the continuous engagement of the mind with the object.[2]

From: Patthana Dhamma

(1) Sustained application; this cetasika maintains the focus of citta on the object.[3]

From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life

(1) Sustained thinking, a jhana-factor that keeps consciousness anchored on the meditation subject.[4]

From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma

(1) Sustained application of mind, maintaining concentration on chosen objects.[5]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Vicara'

Hinduism Books

Vicara in Hinduism encompasses self-enquiry, discrimination, and philosophical debate. It is essential for understanding existence and overcoming ignorance, yet can lead to confusion about ultimate reality if misused.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) A Sanskrit term synonymous with inquiry, particularly in philosophical contexts, referring to the examination of profound concepts.[6]

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The method used in Vedanta and by Gaudapada for seeking the understanding of Reality through inquiry and contemplation.[7]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Shaktism (Shakta philosophy):
Shaktism Books

From: Shakti and Shakta

(1) Debate or inquiry typically regarding philosophical matters, which can lead to confusion about ultimate reality when misapplied.[8]

Shakta or Shaktism (shaktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) Discrimination; emphasizes the ability to differentiate or judge between various things.[9]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Laghu-yoga-vasistha

(1) The process of self-enquiry or Atmic enquiry, crucial for discerning the essence of existence and overcoming ignorance.[10]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jain concept of 'Vicara'

Jainism Books

Vicara in Jainism represents the shifting concepts related to object, word, and activity. It encompasses a classification of fasting that permits movement, particularly highlighting Bhaktapratyakhyana and Ingini methods.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

(1) 'Vicara' refers to the concept of shifting (samkranti) with respect to object (artha), word (vyanjana), and activity (yoga).[11]

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A classification of fasting that includes forms of fasting which allow for movement, specifically relating to Bhaktapratyakhyana and Ingini.[12]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.