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Significance of Taraka

Taraka is a multifaceted term in Jainism, signifying various meanings such as a swimmer, guide, and helmsman, while also referencing a powerful adversary in mythological narratives. In Purana, Taraka embodies the king of demons, who poses a significant threat to the Devas and must be confronted by Skanda. Additionally, the term connects to intuitive knowledge in Sankhya philosophy and is associated with Om, highlighting themes of redemption and the struggle between good and evil. Overall, Taraka encompasses both literal and symbolic interpretations across different philosophical and spiritual contexts.

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The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Taraka'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Taraka represents a powerful demon threatening the Devas and three worlds, necessitating divine intervention. He symbolizes the struggle between good and evil, ultimately destined to be defeated by Skanda. The term also encompasses various meanings, including a star.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) A figure causing great danger and terror that the Devas must confront, leading to Agni鈥檚 mission to inform Shiva.[1] (2) A powerful Asura who poses a significant threat to the Devas and cannot be defeated by them.[2]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) The female demon who possesses great strength and becomes the target of Rama's duty.[3]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar):
Vyakarana Books

From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

(1) A noun used in the text that expresses a concept linked to gender, illustrating how certain words influence perceptions of gender.[4]

Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) Taraka is a term that represents a power associated with prescience, which enables one to cross over the complexities of life and death, linking the process to the achievement of the Highest Intellection.[5]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) A term for Brahman, which denotes the spiritual light and essence located at the center of consciousness.[6]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Jain concept of 'Taraka'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Taraka signifies intuitive knowledge, a guide across challenges, and embodies both a consort of Purnabhadra and a skilled navigator, also referencing an adversary in the Vasudeva battle, highlighting multifaceted roles.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A noun meaning 'helmsman,' noted with contextual details.[7] (2) (啶むぞ啶班), means guide or leader across.[8] (3) A masculine noun meaning swimmer; signifies skill in navigation or water elements.[9] (4) Taraka refers to another adversary of the Vasudevas involved in the battle.[10]

From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)

(1) One of the four principal consorts of Purnabhadra.[11]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.