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Significance of Self-restraint

Self-restraint is a fundamental concept across various philosophies and religions, emphasizing the ability to control one's desires and impulses as essential for personal and spiritual development. In Buddhism, it involves moderating desires to achieve tranquility, while Jainism identifies it as crucial for emancipation and spiritual growth. Other traditions, including Yoga, Ayurveda, and Vedanta, highlight self-restraint as foundational for achieving higher states of being and moral conduct. This practice fosters discipline and inner peace, ultimately aiding individuals in their pursuit of wisdom and liberation.

Synonyms: Self-discipline, Self-control, Moderation, Willpower, Temperance, Discretion, Prudence, Forbearance, Patience

In Dutch: Zelfbeheersing; In Finnish: 滨迟蝉别丑颈濒濒颈苍迟盲盲; In Spanish: Autocontrol; In German: Selbstbeherrschung; In Malay: Kekangan diri; In Swedish: 厂箩盲濒惫产别丑盲谤蝉办苍颈苍驳; In French: La ma卯trise de soi

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Self-restraint'

Buddhism Books

Self-restraint in Buddhism encompasses controlling emotions, desires, and impulses to maintain inner peace, ethical behavior, and spiritual growth. It involves moderating reactions, avoiding impulsive actions, and prioritizing a disciplined life for achieving tranquility and moral standards.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) The ability to control one's desires and impulses.[1] (2) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, particularly in pursuit of moral or spiritual goals.[2] (3) The practice of controlling one's impulses, here referred to by Sakka as a means to avoid loss of wealth through almsgiving.[3] (4) A values-based concept emphasized in defining who is deemed 'moral' by society.[4] (5) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, seen as essential for spiritual growth.[5]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka

(1) The principle illustrated by Prince Dighavu's decision not to act on his wrath even when confronted with his parents' murder.[6]

From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)

(1) The ability to control one鈥檚 desires and impulses, essential for developing mindfulness and practicing Dhamma.[7]

From: A Discourse on Paticcasamuppada

(1) A disciplined life choice to avoid indulgence in worldly pleasures, important for achieving spiritual goals.[8]

From: Milindapanha (questions of King Milinda)

(1) The practice of controlling desires and impulses, considered the best form of conduct.[9]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha)

(1) The ability to control one's desires and emotions to maintain inner peace.[10] (2) The practice of moderating desires to achieve tranquility and escape from the cycle of birth and death.[11]

Hindu concept of 'Self-restraint'

Hinduism Books

Self-restraint in Hinduism emphasizes controlling emotions and desires to achieve spiritual growth, inner peace, and ethical conduct. It is essential for spiritual advancement, virtuous living, and is valued across various societal roles, including Brahmanas and kings.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The ability to control one's impulses, crucial in virtuous practice.[12] (2) The ability to control one鈥檚 desires and impulses, which is essential for spiritual advancement according to the text.[13] (3) The ability to control one's desires and impulses, a critical trait for a king to maintain good behavior and governance.[14] (4) The ability to control one鈥檚 emotions and actions, praised in Yudhishthira's character.[15] (5) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, particularly emphasized for brahmanas.[16]

From: Bhagavadgita

(1) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses.[17] (2) The ability to control one鈥檚 impulses and desires to maintain focus on devotion.[18] (3) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses, which is crucial for the attainment of devotion.[19] (4) The ability to control one's senses and desires to achieve peace and understanding.[20]

From: Anugita (English translation)

(1) The ability to control one鈥檚 impulses and desires.[21] (2) The practice of controlling one's senses and desires through discipline.[22] (3) The ability to control one's impulses and desires in pursuit of a higher moral ground.[23]

From: Markandeya Purana

(1) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, especially in the context of spiritual and moral conduct.[24] (2) A practice adopted by the king to control his impulses in order to please the gods.[25] (3) A quality expected of Dama and associated with nobility, suggesting control over one's desires.[26]

From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4

(1) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses as part of the path to spiritual enlightenment.[27]

From: Garuda Purana

(1) A religious observance and disciplined practice aimed at controlling desires and focusing on meditation and devotion.[28]

From: Harivamsha Purana

(1) Another of Ila's virtues praised by Mitra and Varuna, indicating her discipline and strength of character.[29]

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) A quality essential for forgiveness and overcoming one鈥檚 passions, as discussed in the context of human emotions and behavior.[30]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)

(1) A foundational principle in achieving any goal, emphasizing control over one's impulses and desires.[31] (2) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, particularly those related to food, drink, and sensory experiences.[32] (3) The practice of controlling one's impulses and desires, crucial in the context of brahmacarya as it enables spiritual growth and development.[33]

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) Control over one's desires, thoughts, and actions to lead a life aligned with spiritual goals.[34]

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) The practice of controlling one鈥檚 impulses and desires, which aids in the pursuit of knowledge.[35]

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The ability to control one's desires and actions, leading to a state that is above praise and external formalities.[36]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses in pursuit of greater wisdom and understanding.[37] (2) The strategy advised by Yaugandharayana to Queen Vasavadatta in order to maintain the King鈥檚 affection and avoid conflict.[38]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) The exercise of control over one's desires and impulses, seen as lacking in the current social landscape.[39] (2) The control over one's desires and impulses, which is lost through infatuation with material wealth and power.[40]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Hitopadesha (English translation)

(1) The practice of controlling one's emotions and desires for a clearer perspective on life.[41]

From: Tirukkural (Thirukkural)

(1) The ability to control one鈥檚 desires and actions, viewed as a fundamental aspect of personal development.[42]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) A disciplined practice where individuals control their urges and desires as part of their spiritual sacrifice.[43] (2) The ability to control oneself and one鈥檚 practices in accordance with spiritual and ethical guidelines.[44]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: Charaka Samhita (English translation)

(1) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses to maintain virility and improve quality of life.[45]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, forming a foundational practice in Yoga.[46]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Jain concept of 'Self-restraint'

Jainism Books

Self-restraint in Jainism encompasses controlling emotions, impulses, and desires through tri-gupti practices for spiritual development. It emphasizes disciplined action over thoughts, speech, and bodily behavior, essential for achieving emancipation and higher spiritual states.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

(1) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, facilitating a path toward higher spiritual practices.[47] (2) A practice that reflects control over one's impulses and desires, crucial for the descriptions and differentiation of the types of saints.[48] (3) The practice of controlling one's desires and impulses as an essential virtue.[49] (4) A foundational aspect of achieving both telepathy and perfect knowledge, highlighting the importance of discipline in spiritual pursuits.[50]

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A disciplined practice of controlling one's desires and impulses, viewed as essential for achieving emancipation.[51] (2) A practice of controlling one's desires and impulses, reflecting a key element in the spiritual journey of the characters.[52] (3) The disciplined practice that Meghanada observes while undergoing penance, reflecting his commitment to spiritual growth.[53]

From: Uttaradhyayana Sutra

(1) The ability to control one's desires and impulses, identified as a key virtue in achieving perfection.[54] (2) A practice advised by Bala that involves abstaining from sinful actions and maintaining control over oneself.[55]

From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)

(1) The action of a living being consciously controlling and restraining their thoughts, bodily actions, and speech, leading to a reduction in activity.[56]

From: Acaranga-sutra

(1) The ability to control one's emotions and impulses.[57]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Self-restraint in local and regional sources

History Books

Self-restraint is the ability to control impulses and desires, integral to Gandhi's teachings and admired in figures like Rajaji. It fosters discipline, moderation, and moral integrity, essential for personal development and cultural values in Indian society.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The discipline required in relationships to navigate emotions and impulses, ensuring a healthy balance in love.[58] (2) The ability to control one's impulses and adhere to moral principles, regarded as an essential quality for those aspiring to Brahmana status.[59] (3) The ability of the Maharaja to control his impulses and act through others rather than asserting his authority personally.[60] (4) The ability to control one's impulses and desires, a crucial element of Gandhi's teachings on personal conduct and public life.[61] (5) The ability to control one's expressions and thoughts, which aided Rajaji in conveying his ideas accurately.[62]

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) This is a quality that is mentioned as part of the martial spirit, indicating the need to serve and obey, alongside the willingness to sacrifice oneself for others.[63] (2) This, along with self-denial, is necessary for the immense possibilities of divine realization in the soul to be actualized, requiring struggle and practice.[64]

Plural form: Self-restraints.