A review on pharmacological, medicinal and ethnobotanical important plant
phyllanthus emblica linn. (syn. emblica officinalis)
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on pharmacological, medicinal and ethnobotanical important plant
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Subtitle: phyllanthus emblica linn. (syn. emblica officinalis)
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Dr. Suseela Lanka
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review on pharmacological, medicinal and ethnobotanical important plant
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20184-11103
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
Phyllanthus emblica Linn., commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is a significant medicinal plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is renowned for its high nutritional value and extensive pharmacological properties. Traditionally, all parts of the plant are utilized in herbal medicine, particularly the fruit, which is celebrated for its antioxidant activities. Amla has been employed in various treatments, including those for diarrhea, jaundice, and inflammation, showcasing its potential as a powerful tonic that helps restore vitality. This review aims to elaborate on the historical, morphological, and pharmacological aspects of Phyllanthus emblica.
2) Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Amla
Amla stands out as one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C, surpassing even common fruits like oranges. The raw fruit contains approximately 600 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams, while dehydrated versions provide 2500 to 3500 mg per 100 grams. In addition to vitamin C, Amla is loaded with various phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, and organic acids that contribute to its potent antioxidant properties. The fruit's health benefits stem significantly from its rich ascorbic acid content, which contributes to an estimated 45% to 70% of its total antioxidant activity. Given its wide array of bioactive compounds, Amla's inclusion in diets and herbal formulations remains pivotal in both traditional and modern medicine.
3) Pharmacological Benefits of Amla
Phyllanthus emblica displays numerous pharmacological actions. Various studies indicate its anti-inflammatory properties, with some in vitro studies suggesting that it may inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Its antimicrobial efficacy has been demonstrated against common pathogens, particularly gram-positive bacteria, contributing to its traditional use in treating infections. Furthermore, Amla exhibits potential anticancer effects, as animal studies have suggested that extracts can reduce chromosomal aberrations associated with carcinogens. This illustrates Amla’s multifaceted role in combating inflammation, infections, and cancer, highlighting its importance in medicinal applications.
4) Ethnobotanical and Cultural Significance of Amla
Amla has a deeply rooted ethnobotanical significance in ancient Indian medicine and culture. It is revered in the Ayurvedic system as a rejuvenating herb that balances the body's three humors: vata, pitta, and kapha. Historically, Amla was mentioned in various medical texts, including the Charaka Samhita, which emphasizes its role in promoting longevity and health. It is considered a vital component of the traditional herbal formulation Triphala and is believed to possess qualities that prevent aging. This cultural reverence underscores Amla's importance, not only as a treatment for various ailments but also as a cherished aspect of Indian heritage.
5) Conclusion
In summary, Phyllanthus emblica, or Amla, serves as a potent example of the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants. Its remarkable nutritional value, extensive pharmacological properties, and deep-rooted cultural significance make it an essential topic of study within herbal medicine. Although modern medicine advances rapidly, the sustainable use of traditional remedies such as Amla continues to be crucial for public health. There is an ongoing need for ethnobotanical awareness and the development of natural drugs from plants like Amla, which may contribute to a holistic approach to healthcare in the future.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Phyllanthus emblica commonly known as?
Phyllanthus emblica is commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, a highly nutritious fruit known for its various medicinal properties.
What are the primary medicinal uses of Amla fruit?
Amla is traditionally used for treating diarrhea, jaundice, inflammation, and has antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective properties.
What nutrients are abundant in Amla?
Amla is rich in Vitamin C, amino acids, and minerals, making it nutritionally valuable.
How is Amla consumed in Indian cuisine?
Amla can be eaten raw, prepared in juice, chutneys, pickles, or powdered for various recipes.
What historical significance does Amla have in medicine?
Amla has been utilized in traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda, for thousands of years.
What are the pharmacological effects of Amla on health?
Amla exhibits various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review on pharmacological, medicinal and ethnobotanical important plant�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Amla:
Amla, also known as Phyllanthus emblica, is an Indian gooseberry celebrated for its high Vitamin C content and various medicinal properties. It serves culinary uses in pickles, juices, and traditional medicines. The fruit is integral to Ayurvedic practices and is known for its antioxidant and health-promoting effects.
2) Indian:
Indian refers to the native and cultural attributes originating from India. The term encompasses the vast array of traditional practices, including Ayurveda, which utilizes plants like Amla for health benefits. This cultural backdrop highlights the importance of natural remedies in enhancing the quality of life in India.
3) Lanka (Lamka, Là nkà ):
Lanka relates to the author, Dr. Suseela Lanka, from the Department of Biotechnology at Krishna University, Andhra Pradesh, India. The term emphasizes the contributions of Indian researchers to the study of medicinal plants and underscores the cultural and academic ties to the region's rich biodiversity.
4) Activity:
Activity in this context usually refers to the biological or pharmacological actions of compounds, particularly those found in medicinal plants like Amla. These actions can include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, and are crucial for evaluating the health benefits and therapeutic potential of natural substances.
5) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for treating diseases. Amla's extensive use in traditional and modern remedies promotes its classification as an important herbal medicine, illustrating the increasing value placed on natural products within the pharmaceutical landscape.
6) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis is the scientific name for Amla, an essential medicinal plant known for its nutritional and health benefits. It is recognized for its rich concentration of antioxidants, particularly Vitamin C, and its use in various dietary and therapeutic applications in traditional medicine.
7) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the effects of drugs and natural compounds on biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of Amla helps validate its traditional uses through scientific research, exploring its mechanisms of action, efficacy in treating diseases, and potential integration into modern medicine.
8) Disease:
Diseases encompass a range of health conditions treated with medicinal plants like Amla. Recognizing Amla's versatility highlights its importance in holistic health and the role of traditional remedies in the management of various ailments prevalent in modern society.
9) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to the systematic investigation of a topic or hypothesis. In the context of Amla, various studies explore its biochemical properties, historical significance, and pharmacological potential, contributing to a deeper understanding of its role in both traditional and modern medicine.
10) Phyllanthus emblica:
Phyllanthus emblica is the botanical name for the Indian gooseberry or Amla. This plant is valued in ethnobotanical research and traditional healing due to its extensive health benefits, including antioxidant properties, and is a significant focus in studies addressing health and nutrition.
11) India:
India refers to the country where Amla is indigenous and holds a prominent place in traditional medicine. The Indian cultural context enriches the understanding of Amla’s significance, reinforcing its use in Ayurveda and highlighting its role in dietary practices and holistic health.
12) Animal:
Animal often denotes models used in pharmacological research to test the efficacy and safety of medicinal compounds. Studies involving animal models help understand Amla's therapeutic effects and its potential applications in treating various ailments, providing insights into its pharmacodynamics.
13) Drug:
Drugs refer broadly to substances used for medical treatment, including synthetic and natural compounds. Amla represents the growing interest in plant-based drugs within contemporary medicine, emphasizing the need to explore natural remedies alongside modern pharmaceutical development.
14) Inflammation:
Inflammation refers to the body's immune response to injury or infection. Amla's anti-inflammatory properties have been explored in research, presenting it as a beneficial plant in managing inflammatory conditions and supporting the natural healing processes in the body.
15) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid describes a class of phytonutrients with antioxidant effects found in various plants, including Amla. These compounds are essential for combating oxidative stress in the body, contributing to Amla's therapeutic properties and enhancing its role in health promotion.
16) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation composed of three fruits, including Amla. It exemplifies the synergistic benefits of combining medicinal plants; Triphala is recognized for its detoxifying, rejuvenating, and digestive health-promoting effects, showcasing the wisdom of traditional herbal medicine.
17) Family:
Family denotes the taxonomic category in biological classification. Amla belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, which encompasses various other relevant medicinal plants, augmenting the understanding of its ecological and pharmacological connections within the realm of herbal medicine.
18) Cancer:
Cancer signifies a range of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Research into Amla's anticancer properties aligns with the growing interest in natural therapies. Understanding how Amla functions at the cellular level can aid in its integration into cancer prevention strategies.
19) Ulcer:
Ulcer, a specific form of wound that affects internal or external tissues, is of clinical significance. Amla's potential to heal and protect gastric environments underscores the importance of investigating herbal remedies for conditions associated with ulcerative disorders.
20) Tree:
Tree refers to the growth form of Amla, which is a deciduous tree. Understanding Amla's physical characteristics contributes to its identification and the discussion of its uses in traditional and modern applications, reinforcing the plant's ecological significance.
21) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes the abundant presence of essential nutrients or compounds. Amla is rich in Vitamin C, phenols, and other antioxidants, establishing it as a vital food source and health supplement, thus underpinning its prominence in both diets and traditional medicine.
22) Pain:
Pain is a significant health concern universally addressed by various treatments. Amla’s analgesic properties are explored in studies, highlighting its therapeutic potential in alleviating pain and reinforcing the roll of traditional herbal remedies in pain management strategies.
23) Machilipatnam:
Machilipatnam refers to a location in Andhra Pradesh, India, which is significant as Dr. Suseela Lanka’s academic affiliation. The geographical context enhances the understanding of local biodiversity and traditional herbal practices that inform the research on plants like Amla.
24) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial relates to the property of inhibiting bacterial growth. Amla has demonstrated antibacterial capability in studies, indicating its relevance as a natural remedy for prevention and treatment of infections, thereby reinforcing its place in traditional pharmacology and healthcare.
25) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language wherein historical texts regarding Amla and its medicinal uses are documented. The scholarship of Sanskrit contributes to understanding the traditional narratives that shape the contemporary use of plants like Amla in health sciences.
26) Mineral:
Mineral designates a naturally occurring inorganic substance essential for life. Amla is recognized for containing various beneficial minerals, contributing to its status as a powerhouse of nutritional quality and emphasizing its role in dietary and medicinal contexts.
27) Samhita:
Samhita refers to collections of ancient texts outlining traditional knowledge, including herbal medicines. Amla is frequently mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhita texts, establishing its historical significance and influence on the understanding of its medicinal applications.
28) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna relates both to the name of Krishna University in Machilipatnam, where the research on plants like Amla occurs, and to the cultural significance of the name in Indian tradition. This association underscores the blend of education, culture, and research in health sciences.
29) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra refers to Andhra Pradesh, a state in India rich in cultural heritage and biodiversity. The contextual setting emphasizes the local significance of Amla and the integration of traditional practices that utilize native plants for health and nutrition.
30) Bitter:
Bitter describes one of the taste profiles associated with Amla. This property is essential in Ayurvedic dietary prescriptions, where the balance of flavors is believed to correlate with various health benefits, impacting regional culinary practices.
31) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is one of the official languages of India and serves as a medium for conveying traditional knowledge, including the uses and importance of Amla. Understanding its context enriches communication around Indian herbal medicine and cultural practices.
32) Blood:
Blood is crucial for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Amla's health benefits may involve supporting blood health, showcasing its relevance in preventing and managing conditions related to blood circulation and related disorders.
33) Diet:
Diet refers to the kinds of food consumed by individuals. Amla occupies a significant position in traditional diets in India, contributing to health through its nutritional properties, and is often included in food preparations to enhance well-being.
34) Sour:
Sour describes the tart flavor of Amla, an essential characteristic contributing to its culinary uses and traditional recipes. This flavor profile aligns with Ayurvedic practices that advocate for a balanced intake of tastes for optimal health.
35) Life:
Life encapsulates the existence and experiences of living beings. Amla's role in promoting a disease-free life through its health benefits underscores the intrinsic link between natural remedies and holistic approaches to well-being.
36) Snake poison (Snake venom):
Snake venom denotes toxic substances produced by snakes, which can have severe health implications. The research into Amla’s efficacy as an antivenom exemplifies its potential in emergency medicine for treating envenomation and supports the exploration of traditional herbal remedies in acute care.
37) Civilization:
Civilization encompasses the complex societies that develop cultural, social, and technological structures over time. The historical use of plants like Amla in ancient civilizations provides insight into the evolution of medicinal practices and the role of natural resources in human health.
38) Measurement:
Measurement signifies the act of determining the attributes of a substance. In pharmacological studies of Amla, precise measurement of its compounds is crucial to evaluating its health benefits, guiding the formulation of dietary supplements and herbal medicines.
39) Substance:
Substance denotes a specific kind of matter. Amla is recognized as a substance with potent medicinal properties that contribute to health and wellness, reinforcing the importance of natural sources in contemporary pharmacological research.
40) Mythology:
Mythology signifies a collection of myths that form the framework of cultural beliefs. Amla's association with ancient Indian mythology, where it's considered sacred, adds depth to its use in traditional medicine and explores the significance of natural elements in cultural heritage.
41) Gujarati:
Gujarati refers to the language widely spoken in Gujarat, India. Understanding Gujarati enhances access to regional knowledge concerning Amla and its applications in local medicine, broadening the cultural context around the use of various medicinal plants.
42) Maithili:
Maithili denotes a language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. The connection to Amla through Maithili-speaking communities enriches cultural narratives and the communal use of medicinal plants, highlighting the linguistic diversity intertwined with traditional health practices.
43) Account:
Account signifies a narrative description or report regarding a subject. Accounts of Amla's application in traditional medicine add historical context, framing its significance in contemporary health discussions while demonstrating the continuity of traditional knowledge.
44) Marathi:
Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra, India, where local knowledge about Amla often circulates. Understanding Marathi enhances accessibility to traditional herbal practices in the region, providing a lens through which to analyze the cultural significance of Amla.
45) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language and culture prevalent in West Bengal and Bangladesh. The term signals the regional aspects of Amla's use, showcasing how local traditions shape the understanding and application of this vital medicinal plant.
46) Pungent:
Pungent describes a sharp taste or smell, which may characterize some aspects of Amla. The recognition of diverse taste profiles in traditional foods ties to their perceived health benefits in cultural practices, emphasizing the holistic use of plants.
47) Channel:
Channel refers to passage or pathway, often used in a biological context to describe transport mechanisms. Understanding nutrient channels related to Amla's bioactive components aids in elucidating its health benefits and mechanisms of action within the body.
48) Quality:
Quality refers to the degree of excellence or worth of a substance. The quality of Amla is determined by its biochemical properties and efficacy in traditional medicine, guiding practices in sourcing and utilizing natural remedies.
49) Species:
Species designates a specific group of organisms capable of interbreeding. Amla, or Phyllanthus emblica, is recognized as a distinct species, highlighting its unique characteristics and importance within the broader context of medicinal plant diversity.
50) Tibetan:
Tibetan refers to the language and culture associated with Tibet. Understanding Tibetan perspectives on Amla adds another layer of cultural context to its medicinal uses, highlighting the plant’s significance across different regional herbal traditions.
51) Renuka:
Renuka appears as a name associated with recent research on Amla. Recognizing individual contributions to the field underscores the collaborative nature of ethnobotanical studies and the importance of ongoing research in validating traditional medicinal knowledge.
52) Castor:
Castor refers to castor oil plant, which can be relevant in comparing the effects of various plants in herbal treatments. The relationship between Amla and other plants like castor can offer insights into the synergistic effects of herbal therapies in managing health conditions.
53) Autumn:
Autumn refers to the season when Amla fruits typically ripen, highlighting the cyclical nature of agricultural practices. This seasonal aspect is vital for understanding harvesting methods and the timing of Amla's availability in traditional diets and medicine.
54) Nausea:
Nausea refers to the sensation of discomfort typically felt in the stomach. Amla's use in managing gastrointestinal issues, including nausea, underscores the significance of its properties in traditional remedies aimed at treating digestive disorders.
55) Medium:
Medium can refer to a method or material used in various contexts. In the context of Amla, it may pertain to the forms in which it is consumed (e.g., powder, juice), which can affect its bioavailability and health impacts.
56) Powder:
Powder is a form of substance resulting from grinding, often used to process medicinal plants. Amla in powdered form is popular in traditional practices for its convenience, facilitating easy incorporation into diets and supplements.
57) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda representing metabolism. Ayurvedic principles suggest Amla's role in balancing Pitta, signaling its importance in dietary practices aimed at achieving harmony in bodily functions and overall well-being.
58) Kapha:
Kapha is another dosha in Ayurveda, associated with stability and lubrication. Amla's properties are believed to help balance Kapha, linking its use to traditional health practices in maintaining an equilibrium among bodily energies.
59) Avala:
Avala is a name for Amla in certain Indian languages. Understanding regional names enriches the cultural perspective on Amla’s usage, reflecting the plant’s integration into various communities and their respective traditional healing practices.
60) Kumar:
Kumar references a name linked to scholarly contributions regarding Amla. Recognizing individual researchers highlights the collaborative efforts in advancing knowledge about traditional plants and their applications in health and medicine.
61) Usiri (Ushiri):
Usiri is the Telugu name for Amla. The use of regional names emphasizes local cultural practices and knowledge surrounding Amla, underscoring its relevance within the contexts of traditional medicine and dietary practices in Andhra Pradesh.
62) Patel:
Patel appears as a surname associated with researchers investigating Amla’s properties. Acknowledging researchers fosters a connection within the scientific community dedicated to exploring the medicinal benefits of traditional plants.
63) Nelli:
Nelli is another regional name for Amla in various Indian languages. These local names reflect the widespread cultural significance and applications of Amla across different communities, emphasizing its importance in traditional herbal practices.
64) Water:
Water denotes a vital resource for all life forms. In traditional practices, water extraction techniques may be used to prepare herbal remedies from Amla, enhancing access to its health benefits through various forms like juice or decoctions.
65) Edema (Oedema):
Edema refers to the swelling caused by fluid retention in tissues. Amla's potential to address inflammatory conditions aligns with research into its therapeutic properties, showcasing its significance in managing health issues related to swelling.
66) Table:
Table usually signifies a systematic arrangement of data. In research studies involving Amla, tables are often utilized to present findings on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and comparative analyses, facilitating clearer communication of results.
67) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of infection and illness. Amla's traditional use in managing symptoms like fever highlights its relevance in holistic health and the necessity of exploring natural remedies alongside conventional treatments.
68) Death:
Death is the cessation of biological functions essential for life. While Amla is not directly associated with mortality, its role in health promotion and disease prevention underscores the significance of natural remedies in extending life quality and longevity.
69) Tamil:
Tamil refers to both a language and cultural group in India. The integration of Amla into Tamil traditional practices showcases the diversity of applications for this medicinal plant, emphasizing the significance of regional knowledge in herbal medicine.
70) Cita:
Sidha denotes a traditional Indian system of medicine focused on achieving balance and well-being. Amla's mention in Sidha texts highlights its role in holistic approaches to health, validating its importance in ancient and contemporary herbal practices.
71) Noise:
Noise signifies sound pollution that can impact health and well-being. The impact of stress on the body highlights the importance of adaptogens like Amla that may be explored for their potential benefits against stress-induced ailments.
72) Genu:
Genu refers to the knee joint in the anatomical context. While not directly related to Amla, understanding anatomical terminology can help facilitate discussions around the plant's potential roles in inflammation or injury management.
73) Hair:
Hair signifies the keratinous threads that grow on the human scalp and body. Amla’s reputed beneficial effects on hair health, including preventing premature graying and dandruff, highlight its significance in beauty and health practices.
74) Vata:
Vata is the third dosha in Ayurveda, representing movement and creativity. Amla's role in balancing Vata showcases its importance in Ayurvedic diets aimed at restoring harmony within the body and supporting overall wellness.
75) Ripe:
Ripe refers to the stage of fruit development that enhances its taste and nutritional efficacy. Research on Amla centers around ripe fruit, as it is typically harvested at this stage for optimum health benefits and culinary use.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 79]
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