Critique on NF-kB and STAT3 in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: A critique on nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: The key transcription factors in periodontal pathogenesis
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:
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Ranjith Ambili, Presanthila Janam
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A critique on nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: The key transcription factors in periodontal pathogenesis
Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_301
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition caused by microbial agents found in dental plaque, with the progression of the disease primarily influenced by the host's immunoinflammatory response. While traditional periodontal treatments have focused on eliminating these microbial components, advancements in understanding the molecular aspects of host responses present new opportunities for host modulation therapy (HMT). This review emphasizes two pivotal transcription factors—nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)—which play essential roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, offering insight into how their inhibition may enhance treatment efficacy.
The Importance of NF-κB and STAT3 in Periodontal Pathogenesis
NF-κB and STAT3 are critical transcription factors that interact and orchestrate the immune response in periodontal disease. NF-κB, first characterized in 1986, regulates a myriad of genes involved in inflammation. Its activation leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and proteins associated with bone resorption. Similarly, STAT3, activated by cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, also influences inflammatory responses by regulating gene expression. The interaction between these two factors can lead to a synergistic effect on the transcription of proinflammatory genes, exacerbating the inflammatory response that characterizes periodontal disease. Their cross talk may serve as a critical link in the progression of this inflammatory condition, highlighting the need for dual targeting in therapeutic interventions.
Conclusion
In summary, the interplay between NF-κB and STAT3 is fundamental to the chronic inflammatory response associated with periodontal disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which these transcription factors contribute to disease progression underscores the necessity of integrating host modulation into periodontal therapies. The potential for effective dual inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 represents a promising avenue for future research and clinical application, which could revolutionize current treatment methodologies and improve overall patient health. As we navigate through these molecular pathways, targeted therapies can not only address the microbial factors but also appropriately modulate the host immune response, ultimately leading to better management of periodontal disease.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the roles of NF-κB and STAT3 in periodontal disease?
NF-κB and STAT3 are critical transcription factors that regulate inflammatory responses in periodontal disease. Their activation leads to increased production of cytokines and other mediators that contribute to tissue destruction and disease progression.
How does periodontal disease initiate and progress according to the article?
Periodontal disease begins with microorganisms in dental plaque, which trigger an immunoinflammatory response. Host response to these microbial insults drives the progression of the disease, often leading to tissue destruction.
What is host modulation therapy (HMT) in periodontal management?
Host modulation therapy (HMT) focuses on modifying the host's immune response to enhance treatment outcomes. This approach complements conventional therapy aimed at eliminating microbial components, targeting inflammatory mediators and transcription factors for effective management.
Why is it important to inhibit transcription factors like NF-κB and STAT3?
Inhibiting transcription factors like NF-κB and STAT3 may be crucial as it can reduce inflammation and tissue destruction. Targeting these factors simultaneously could provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for managing periodontal disease.
What clinical implications arise from understanding these transcription factors' roles?
A better understanding of NF-κB and STAT3 roles informs new therapeutic approaches, such as dual inhibition strategies, which may improve periodontal disease management by targeting inflammation effectively.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Critique on NF-kB and STAT3 in periodontal disease pathogenesis.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition affecting the body that disrupts normal bodily functions. In the context of periodontal disease, it signifies the chronic inflammatory response triggered by microorganisms in dental plaque, leading to significant harm to periodontal tissues, including gums and bone structures that support teeth.
2) Inflammation:
Inflammation is an immune response characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. It plays a dual role in periodontal disease, serving both as a defense mechanism against pathogens and as a contributor to tissue destruction. Understanding inflammation's intricacies is crucial for developing effective treatments.
3) Kappa:
Kappa is a term commonly associated with the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), a key transcription factor involved in regulating immune responses. NF-κB is pivotal in the inflammatory pathway of periodontal disease, managing the expression of various target genes that mediate inflammation and tissue damage.
4) Drug:
In the context of periodontal disease, drugs refer to therapeutic agents used for treatment. Host modulation therapy (HMT) includes using drugs like doxycycline or NSAIDs to manage the host’s immune response, enhancing traditional periodontal treatments by addressing the underlying inflammatory processes rather than just microbial eradication.
5) Family:
Family in the medical context often refers to a group of related entities. Here, it denotes the NF-κB family of transcription factors, which play critical roles in cellular responses, including inflammation, immune response, and cellular survival, significantly impacting disease processes, especially in periodontal conditions.
6) Cancer:
Cancer signifies a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The relevance to periodontal disease is highlighted by emerging studies linking chronic inflammation from periodontal disease to systemic conditions like cancer, suggesting that inflammatory mediators could influence cancer progression and severity, revealing interconnected disease mechanisms.
7) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by chronic inflammation, notably affecting joints. The similarity with periodontal disease lies in the shared pathophysiological features such as sustained inflammation, where inflammatory cytokines like those regulated by NF-κB and STAT3 are involved, highlighting a common inflammatory pathway.
8) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological responses and functions elicited by various cellular processes. In periodontal disease, the activity of transcription factors like NF-κB and STAT3 is crucial, as their activation leads to the expression of genes responsible for inflammation and tissue destruction, impacting disease progression.
9) Table:
The word 'table' can refer to a systematic arrangement of data or information. In scientific literature, tables are often used to summarize research findings, such as illustrating the relationship between different inflammatory mediators and disease outcomes, providing a clear view of complex interactions in studies related to periodontal disease.
10) Blood:
Blood is essential for transporting nutrients, gases, and immune cells throughout the body. In periodontal disease, changes in blood parameters might reflect systemic inflammation and help assess the extent of the inflammatory response induced by periodontal pathogens, highlighting the interconnection between oral health and systemic conditions.
11) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of a particular topic. In the context of periodontal disease, numerous studies have provided insights into the roles of inflammation and specific molecular pathways involving NF-κB and STAT3, enhancing the scientific community's understanding of the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment options.
12) Knowledge:
Knowledge pertains to the understanding gained through research or experience. In periodontal medicine, understanding the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation, host responses, and disease progression enriches clinical practice and guides the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating inflammatory responses for better patient outcomes.
13) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. In periodontal disease management, integrating molecular insights into host responses and inflammatory mechanisms leads to advancements in treatment approaches, including host modulation therapy, thus improving patients� oral and systemic health.
14) Animal:
Animal refers to non-human organisms often used in research to model human diseases. In periodontal studies, animal models help investigate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic interventions, providing foundational knowledge on the roles of inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB and STAT3, in periodontal disease progression.
15) Janu:
Janu likely pertains to 'JAK', as in Janus Kinase, which plays a key role in the signaling pathways associated with cytokines. The relevance to periodontal disease lies in JAK's involvement in activating STAT3, influencing inflammatory responses, which are central to the disease's progression and management.
16) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to a systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena through observation, experimentation, and analysis. In periodontal disease, scientific research is essential for elucidating the mechanisms behind host responses, inflammation, and pathways that drive disease, facilitating the development of effective treatment strategies.
17) Similarity:
Similarity involves the recognition of common features or characteristics between different entities. In the context of periodontal disease, understanding the similarity in inflammatory pathways with other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer, can reveal shared mechanisms, aiding in comprehensive treatment approaches and improving patient care strategies.
18) Writing:
Writing refers to the act of composing text to convey information. In academic and clinical contexts, writing is crucial for disseminating research findings and clinical insights regarding periodontal disease and the underlying mechanisms of inflammation, thus driving knowledge sharing and advancements in treatment methodologies.
19) Surface:
Surface denotes the outer layer of a structure. In periodontal disease, the surface of periodontal tissues is crucial as it is where microbial interactions and inflammatory responses occur, influencing disease progression and offering targets for therapeutic intervention, crucial for maintaining oral and overall health.
20) Arrow:
Arrow can denote direction or a pathway in data representation. In scientific literature, arrows often represent signaling pathways, such as those involved in NF-κB and STAT3 activation. Understanding these pathways is vital in elucidating the mechanisms underlying periodontal disease and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
21) Birth:
Birth refers to the emergence of life. In a medical context, it connects to maternal and fetal health concerns, particularly in studies linking periodontal disease to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exploring this connection helps understand the systemic implications of periodontal disease in expecting mothers and their offspring.
22) Rela:
Rela is a component of the NF-κB family of transcription factors. It plays a critical role in mediating the immune response, especially in inflammatory conditions like periodontal disease. Understanding Rela's functions contributes to the overall knowledge of signaling pathways that regulate inflammation and tissue destruction.
23) Line:
Line could refer to a lineage or sequence in genetics. In medical research, understanding the lineage of inflammatory pathways and gene expression patterns is vital for exploring the underlying causes and potential treatments for diseases, including periodontal conditions, providing insights into how genetic factors influence disease susceptibility.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Critique on NF-kB and STAT3 in periodontal disease pathogenesis.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Chronic inflammation, Oxidative stress, Systemic disease, Periodontal disease, Clinical implication, Bone resorption, Nuclear factor-kappa B, Transcription factor, Epigenetic alterations, Anti-cytokine therapy, Nutritional modulation, Host response, Pro-inflammatory response, Inflammatory mediator.