Toxicological study of banana and milk as incompatible diet
Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Toxicological evaluation of banana and milk combination as incompatible diet - An experimental exploration of Samyoga viruddha concept
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Shweta K, Sudhakar, Shobha Bhat K
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:
(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)
Full text available for: Toxicological evaluation of banana and milk combination as incompatible diet - An experimental exploration of Samyoga viruddha concept
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.02.005
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Toxicological study of banana and milk as incompatible diet�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to the structured representation of data in rows and columns. In scientific studies, tables are vital for organizing and displaying quantitative results such as hemoglobin levels, biochemical assays, and relative organ weights, allowing for clear comparisons between control and experimental groups.
2) Milk:
Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals, serving as a primary source of food for infants. In the context of the study, cow milk was examined for its potential health implications when combined with incompatible food items like banana, highlighting its significance in dietary practices and health science.
3) Food:
Food encompasses all substances consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is essential for growth, metabolism, and health. In the discussed study, the focus is on specific foods like Kadaliphala (banana) and their combinations, examining their effects on health under Ayurvedic perspectives.
4) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to an organized investigation aimed at discovering and analyzing the effects of certain variables—in this case, the toxicological effects of combining cow milk and Kadaliphala on Wistar rats, contributing to the understanding of dietary compatibility within the framework of Ayurveda.
5) Drug:
A 'Drug' is a substance used for medical treatment, often to diagnose, cure, or prevent diseases. In this research, the combination of cow milk and Kadaliphala is treated as a test substance, assessing its effects akin to a drug's impact on health and toxicity.
6) Cow milk (Cow's milk):
Cow milk is a specific type of milk produced by cows, known for its nutritional value. The study examines its compatibility with Kadaliphala, aiming to uncover potential adverse effects when these two foods are consumed together and how they relate to Ayurvedic dietary rules.
7) Kadaliphala (Kadali-phala):
Kadali-phala refers specifically to the banana, wherein bananas are evaluated for their compatibility with other foods like cow milk. This highlights the focus on particular food items and their interactions, central to the study's intentions.
8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that emphasizes balance in bodily systems through diet, herbal treatment, and yogic practices. This study applies Ayurvedic principles to investigate the health impacts of certain food combinations, specifically those deemed potentially harmful.
9) Animal:
In the context of this research, 'Animal' specifically denotes Wistar rats used as experimental subjects. The study investigates the physiological effects of dietary combinations on these animals, drawing parallels to potential human health outcomes based on the results observed.
10) Samyoga:
Samyoga refers to the conjunction or combination of different substances. In Ayurveda, it is important to understand how food combinations can affect digestion and health, as seen in this study, which examines Samyoga with respect to Kadaliphala and cow milk.
11) Sthana:
Sthana translates to 'site' or 'place' in Ayurveda, often referring to anatomical and physiological contexts. The term is relevant in the study as it underscores the locations where certain effects manifest in the body based on dietary influences, contributing to the understanding of bodily responses.
12) Water:
Water is a vital component for life, and it plays crucial roles in hydration and bodily functions. While not the primary focus of the study, water's role as part of the testing environment for Wistar rats is implicit in maintaining their health during experimentation.
13) Samyogaviruddha (Samyoga-viruddha):
Samyoga-viruddha describes combinations of foods that are incompatible or harmful in Ayurveda. This study aims to analyze the toxicity associated with the combination of cow milk and Kadaliphala to substantiate the Ayurvedic classification of food compatibility and its health effects.
14) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. This study assesses the toxicity of the food combination through various biochemical tests and histopathological examinations, providing insights into potential health risks associated with incompatible dietary practices.
15) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological functions or reactions occurring within an organism. In this study, it encompasses the assessment of various physiological activities affected by the dietary intervention of combining Kadaliphala and cow milk, contributing to understanding their impact on health.
16) Rules:
Rules in this context imply the guidelines and principles established in Ayurveda pertaining to diet and health. The study examines these rules while exploring the health effects of mixing specific foods, thereby validating or challenging traditional dietary practices within a scientific framework.
17) Blood:
Blood is a crucial fluid in the body responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. In the study, blood parameters are analyzed to determine the physiological effects of the tested food combination, offering insights into potential health issues connected to diet.
18) Diet:
Diet encompasses the food and drink consumed regularly by individuals. The study investigates specific dietary combinations considered incompatible, thereby assessing their implications on health according to Ayurvedic tradition and providing insights into the nuances of dietary planning.
19) Viruddhahara (Viruddha-ahara):
Viruddhahara refers to the concept of incompatible foods in Ayurveda that can lead to ill health. This study explores the potential harmful effects of combining Kadaliphala and cow milk, contributing to the understanding of dietary practices that might be detrimental to health.
20) Sugar:
Sugar is a type of carbohydrate that serves as a primary energy source. The study may monitor serum sugar levels to ascertain any metabolic effects from the dietary combination being evaluated, aiming to further understand how specific foods influence blood sugar management.
21) Life:
Life refers to the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, characterized by biological processes. In the context of this study, the focus on dietary impacts on health relates to enhancing the quality of life through balanced nutrition and avoiding harmful food combinations.
22) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata was an influential ancient Indian physician and one of the key figures in Ayurveda. His texts are significant for understanding Ayurvedic dietary practices and their health implications; his concepts may be referenced in the study to assess traditional knowledge on food compatibility.
23) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India known for its cultural and spiritual significance, often associated with Ayurvedic practices. In the study, it may serve as a geographic reference point for knowledge and practices related to diet and health prevalent in traditional Indian medicine.
24) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition of a bodily part, an organ, or system resulting from various causes. This study aims to investigate the potential disease implications resulting from dietary habits, particularly the consumption of incompatible food combinations as outlined in Ayurveda.
25) Ahara:
Ahara means food in Sanskrit, and in Ayurveda, it encompasses all aspects of diet. The study aims to explore how specific forms of ahara, such as the combination of Kadaliphala and cow milk, affect health outcomes and their alignment with Ayurvedic principles.
26) Jacob:
Jacob may reference a participant, contributor, or author pertinent to the study or specific cultural or historical context within Ayurveda. Its significance lies in establishing connections within research, acknowledging individuals who may have influenced dietary practices or health perspectives.
27) Raja:
Raja translates to 'king' or 'ruler' in Sanskrit and can refer to individuals in literature or classical texts important to Ayurvedic studies. Acknowledging historical figures named 'Raja' may provide context to the cultural beliefs surrounding dietary practices outlined in Ayurvedic literature.
28) Musha (Musa, Musá):
Musa is the genus that includes banana plants. In this study, 'Musa paradisiaca' is analyzed for its health impacts, particularly in its combinations with cow milk, highlighting the relevance of botanical classifications in understanding food compatibility and nutritional science.
29) Musa paradisiaca:
Musa paradisiaca refers specifically to a variety of banana extensively studied for its nutritional benefits. This study focuses on its consumption with cow milk, examining its potential adverse health effects when considered incompatible according to Ayurvedic traditions.
30) Karnataka:
Karnataka is an Indian state known for its rich cultural practices, including traditional dietary customs. The study originates from this region, contributing to the understanding of local food practices and their implications for health based on regional Ayurvedic knowledge.
31) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha translates to 'collection' or 'compilation'. In Ayurveda, it denotes the collected wisdom and practices regarding health and diet. This term underlines the significance of reference texts that inform dietary guidelines and practices relevant to the study.
32) Samhita:
Samhita refers to a collection of texts or verses, notably those in Ayurveda. Such writings contain foundational principles of health, diet, and medicinal usage, serving as a reference for understanding the Ayurvedic roots of the study's focuses.
33) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world. In the context of the study, it underscores the empirical investigation of traditional Ayurvedic concepts through modern scientific methods, validating or refuting ancient dietary practices.
34) Post:
In this context, 'Post' refers to publications or communications potentially associated with the study outcomes. It signifies the dissemination of research findings to a broader audience, impacting knowledge sharing in the fields of Ayurveda and food science.
35) Sarvangasundara (Sarvanga-sundara, Sarvamgasumdara):
Sarvangasundara is a classical text on Ayurveda, attributed to Arunadatta. Its teachings may provide insights into dietary practices and rules that influence health, underscoring the historical and educational frameworks within which the contemporary study is positioned.
36) Annapanavidhi (Annapana-vidhi):
Annapana-vidhi pertains to the protocols and rules surrounding food intake in Ayurveda. This term highlights the importance of following proper dietary practices, with relevance in the study focusing on how specific food combinations can influence health negatively.
37) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the property of a substance that inhibits bacterial growth. This concept is relevant in evaluating the health effects of certain food combinations studied, assessing how their interaction could potentially alter bacterial flora in the gut.
38) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that studies the effects of drugs on biological systems. In the context of this study, it provides a framework for understanding how the tested food combinations act in the body similarly to pharmaceuticals, influencing health.
39) Observation:
Observation denotes the act of noting and recording phenomena. In scientific studies, careful observation is crucial for collecting data on health impacts arising from dietary combinations, forming the basis for conclusions and recommendations regarding food intake.
40) Arunadatta:
Arunadatta was a prominent figure in Ayurveda known for his commentaries on classical texts. His work influences the understanding of dietary practices, establishing a scholarly reference point that relates to the study of food compatibility.
41) Shrinivasa (Shri-nivasa, Srinivasa):
Srinivasa may refer to an individual contributing to the field of Ayurveda or the study itself, representing the collaborative nature of research where various scholars build upon historical knowledge and address contemporary health issues.
42) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to information, understanding, and skills gained through experience or education. In this study, the concept underscores the integration of Ayurvedic wisdom with scientific inquiry, working towards a comprehensive understanding of food’s health implications.
43) Annapana (Anna-pana):
Annapana translates to food and drink consumption, an essential aspect of Ayurveda linked to health maintenance. The study focuses on how specific consumption patterns affect well-being, particularly evaluating the health risks of incompatible food combinations.
44) Agnivesha (Agnivesa, Agni-vesha):
Agnivesa was a revered ancient physician whose texts laid the foundation for Ayurvedic medicine. His works are seminal in understanding dietary practices and their implications for health, making them relevant in the contemporary evaluation of food combinations.
45) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to the eight branches of Ayurveda, covering various aspects of health and treatment. This term is pertinent to the study as it encompasses a holistic approach to health, influencing dietary regulation and assessments made in the research.
46) Fixation:
Fixation refers to establishing or determining specific parameters. In the context of the study, it pertains to fixing doses and methodologies for testing the effects of the food combination, essential for ensuring accurate and reliable research outcomes.
47) Relative:
Relative refers to a comparative aspect, important in evaluating the outcomes of the study against control groups. In this context, relative measurements provide insights into the effects of food combinations, clarifying their impacts on health parameters.
48) Hemadri (Heman-adri):
Hemadri was a distinguished figure in Ayurveda known for his extensive contributions to the field. His insights and texts influence current understanding of dietary practices, offering foundational knowledge that supports the study's exploration of food interactions.
49) Dipika:
Dipika refers to commentaries on classical Ayurvedic texts that broaden understanding of the original content. Its relevance to the study lies in contextualizing Ayurvedic principles concerning food combinations and their implications in contemporary dietary practices.
50) Thanga (Thamga):
Thanga translates to 'gold' in Sanskrit and can refer to high value or standard. In this research context, it may symbolize the significance of nutritional quality in food and the desire to maintain high standards in dietary choices.
51) Kannan:
Kannan may refer to an author or figure in the Ayurvedic tradition, representing the contributions of individuals to the knowledge base. Such references underscore the collective effort of scholars in enhancing the understanding of dietary practices.
52) Indian:
Indian signifies the geographical and cultural context of the study, deeply rooted in Ayurvedic traditions. The research evaluates dietary practices prevalent among Indian populations, emphasizing the relevance of regional habits on health outcomes.
53) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha are the three fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda that govern physiological functioning. Understanding doshas is vital for assessing the compatibility of food combinations in the study, linking dietary practices to broader health implications.
54) Vidhi:
Vidhi refers to guidelines or rules in Ayurveda concerning proper practices. This can relate to how food should be consumed or prepared, supporting the framework for examining the health effects of incompatible food combinations in the study.
55) Field:
Field denotes an area of study or practice. In this context, it embodies the intersection between diet, health, and scientific inquiry, emphasizing the concentrated investigation of how specific food combinations affect health outcomes.
56) Nish (Nisa, Nis, Nishe, Nisha):
Nisha may refer to a participant or contributor within the Ayurvedic or medical research community, highlighting the collaborative nature of research endeavors aimed at understanding and addressing dietary issues impacting health.
57) Indu (Imdu):
Indu translates to 'moon' or 'illumination' in Sanskrit, symbolically representing knowledge, clarity, or depth of understanding. This term emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge within the field of Ayurveda and its application to food sciences.
58) Mara:
Mara may be a name or reference pertinent to literary or historical figures in the study of Ayurveda. It emphasizes the interconnections and contributions of various scholars within the nutritional and health sciences.
59) Peer review:
Peer review is a critical evaluation process by experts in a subject area, aimed at ensuring the quality and integrity of research before publication. In this study's context, it reflects the importance of academic scrutiny in validating findings.
60) Human life:
Human life refers to the biological, social, and psychological aspects of human existence. In the context of the study, the focus is on health outcomes arising from dietary practices, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition for overall well-being.
61) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
Ashtanga-sangraha is an influential Ayurvedic text compiled by Vagbhata, serving as a comprehensive systematization of Ayurvedic knowledge. Its teachings provide foundational understanding relevant to the study's focus on dietary practices and food compatibility.
62) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The Sushruta-samhita is a foundational text in Ayurveda attributed to Sushruta, focusing on surgery and medicine. Its teachings contribute to the contextual background of health and diet examined in the study, emphasizing ancient insights into practical applications.
63) Brahmacarya (Brahman-carya):
Brahmacarya refers to a lifestyle of self-restraint and moderation, often emphasizing a balanced approach to health and behavior. This concept is relevant in Ayurveda, linking to dietary habits that support overall well-being and health balance.
64) Measurement:
Measurement refers to quantifying variables within the study, essential for drawing conclusions from the obtained data. Accurate measurement of health parameters is crucial for assessing the implications of dietary combinations on the health of experimental subjects.
65) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is an Ayurvedic branch focused on the properties and effects of substances, particularly herbal medicines. The concepts from dravyaguna guide the analysis of food compatibility and toxicity, informing the study’s exploration of dietary practices.
66) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical interpretation of findings within the study context. It serves as a platform for exploring implications, theoretical frameworks, and potential health impacts resulting from dietary combinations, contributing to broader scientific and Ayurvedic dialogues.
67) Substance:
Substance refers to any material or food item being investigated. In this study, substances like Kadaliphala and cow milk are scrutinized for their health effects, highlighting the significance of what individuals consume and its implications for well-being.
68) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the process of impairing or spoiling, especially in health contexts. In Ayurveda, improper food combinations can lead to the vitiation of doshas, potentially causing health issues; the study evaluates such implications from specific dietary habits.
69) Nibandha (Nibamdha):
Nibandha signifies a written text or commentary, particularly in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the importance of documented knowledge in guiding present practices and research surrounding dietary habits and their health impacts, reinforcing the historical context of these studies.
70) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana relates to rejuvenation and promotes health longevity in Ayurveda. It encompasses dietary practices that support vitality and well-being. This term underscores the pursuit of nutritional practices that align with health preservation, reflected in the study.
71) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India, rich in cultural and spiritual significance. Many Ayurvedic texts are written in Sanskrit, and understanding this language is essential for accurately interpreting traditional practices and principles followed in health and diet.
72) Incision:
Incision refers to the surgical procedure of cutting into tissue or organs, relevant when discussing procedures in the histopathological evaluations in this study. It emphasizes the practical methodologies used in assessing anatomical and physiological changes.
73) Prasada:
Prasada, in Ayurvedic context, refers to food offered in religious rituals and subsequently received by devotees. This concept signifies the spiritual and cultural dimensions of food consumption, especially when considering the dietary practices around Kadaliphala in the local tradition.
74) Quality:
Quality refers to the attributes that make a substance good or bad for consumption. In the context of the study, assessing the quality of food items is crucial, as it informs safety, nutrition, and health impacts when considering their compatibility.
75) Milkman (Milkmen):
Milkman denotes the individual responsible for providing milk, reflecting local agricultural and dietary practices. Their role is important in the study as it connects to the sourcing of cow milk, a key component involved in evaluating food combinations.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 100]
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