Anti-Diabetic Herbo-Mineral Drugs From Priya Nighantu
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Anti-Diabetic Herbo-Mineral Drugs From Priya Nighantu
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Aayushi Jain
PG Scholar, Dept. of Dravyaguna, Govt. Dhanvantari Ayurveda College, Ujjain, M.P., India.
Shiromani Mishra
Guide & Reader, Dept. of Dravyaguna, Govt. Dhanvantari Ayurveda College, Ujjain, M.P., India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Anti-Diabetic Herbo-Mineral Drugs From Priya Nighantu
Year: 2024 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v11i2.1535
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, often referred to as the science of life, seeks to maintain health and address diseases effectively. One of the challenges in Ayurveda is managing Prameha, which correlates with diabetes mellitus—a growing metabolic disease impacting millions globally. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas, the number of adults living with diabetes is projected to reach 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. The study aims to identify safe and effective herbo-mineral remedies for diabetes from Acharya Priyavrat Sharma's Priya Nighantu, a 20th-century Ayurvedic lexicon.
The Concept of Prameha and Its Ayurvedic Context
Prameha is described in Ayurveda as a set of complex disorders marked by frequent abnormal urination. The etymology of the term captures the essence of excess in frequency and quantity, suggesting an intricate relationship with dietary and lifestyle factors. Ayurveda categorizes Prameha as one of the eight serious diseases, emphasizing the need for effective management. In this review, various Pramehahara (anti-diabetic) herbal and mineral remedies documented in Priya Nighantu are compiled, highlighting their therapeutic potential in addressing diabetes through traditional practices.
Herbal and Mineral Remedies for Diabetes Management
The study identified a total of 41 Pramehahara drugs from the Priya Nighantu, consisting of 30 herbal and 7 mineral origins, along with two food items, classified according to their properties. Notably, most of these drugs possess Kashaya (astringent) and Tikta (bitter) tastes. These properties are crucial for balancing doshas, particularly Kapha and Pitta, offering insights into their pharmacological actions. The review categorized the efficacy of these remedies based on their Rasas (tastes), Gunas (qualities), Viryas (potency), and Vipakas (post-digestive effects), providing a holistic understanding of their application in treating diabetes.
Conclusion
This review serves as a valuable contribution to the field of Ayurveda by compiling and analyzing documented herbo-mineral drugs with anti-diabetic properties from the Priya Nighantu. By organizing the information based on their origins and pharmacological actions, the study aims to facilitate further clinical research and exploration within the realm of Ayurvedic medicine. It highlights that while genetic factors may be challenging to modify, a combination of lifestyle changes and appropriate herbal treatments can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals afflicted with diabetes (Prameha).
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary focus of Ayurveda in health management?
Ayurveda's primary focus is on maintaining a healthy state in well individuals and treating those who are diseased through holistic methods aimed at balancing the body's energies.
What are the main ingredients discussed for managing diabetes in Priya Nighantu?
Priya Nighantu describes 41 drugs with Pramehahara properties, including 30 from herbal origins and 7 from mineral origins, all effective in managing diabetes-related challenges.
How does the review contribute to diabetes management practices?
The review compiles documented herbs with Pramehahara properties, providing valuable insights for future clinical research and promoting lifestyle modifications and herbal treatments for diabetes.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anti-Diabetic Herbo-Mineral Drugs From Priya Nighantu�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Katu:
Katu refers to a taste described as pungent or spicy in Ayurveda. It is associated with stimulating the digestive system and is often found in herbs and spices used to treat various ailments. Many of the drugs listed in Priya Nighantu exhibit Katu vipaka, meaning they have a pungent after-effect.
2) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of water and earth. It is responsible for structure and lubrication in the body. Many drugs described in Priya Nighantu aim to balance Kapha, particularly in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
3) Varga:
Varga refers to a classification or group. In Priya Nighantu, various drugs are categorized into different Varga based on their properties and uses. For example, Haritakyadi Varga and Sharadi Varga are groups of medicinal plants.
4) Drug:
The term 'drug' in this context refers to medicinal substances derived from herbs, minerals, or food, used in the treatment of diseases such as Prameha (diabetes). Ayurveda emphasizes the use of natural drugs for maintaining health and curing ailments.
5) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya is a taste described as astringent in Ayurveda. It is one of the five primary tastes and is known for its abilities to constrict tissues and absorb moisture. Many Pramehahara (anti-diabetic) drugs from Priya Nighantu exhibit Kashaya rasa.
6) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha translates to dry or rought, describing a quality or 'guna' in Ayurveda. Substances with Ruksha properties can help balance excess moisture or oiliness and are often used in treatments where such characteristics are desired.
7) Tikta:
Tikta signifies a bitter taste in Ayurveda. This taste is cleansing and detoxifying, often used in treatments to clear the body of toxins. Drugs with Tikta rasa are commonly found in the Priya Nighantu for treating conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
8) Haritakyadi:
Haritakyadi Varga is a classification in Priya Nighantu that includes multiple herb drugs known for their therapeutic effects. This group includes herbs like Amalaki, Arjuna, and Khadira, many of which are used in treating Prameha (diabetes).
9) Laghu:
In Ayurveda, Laghu signifies lightness, describing a property or 'guna' that makes substances easily digestible and not burdening the body. Various Pramehahara drugs in Priya Nighantu exhibit Laghu properties to aid in managing health conditions.
10) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna refers to heat or being hot in Ayurveda. It describes the potency or 'virya' of a substance, which can promote circulation and digestion. Many drugs in Priya Nighantu with Ushna guna are used to treat Kapha and Meda, thereby pacifying Prameha (diabetes).
11) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to a classical glossary or lexicon in Ayurveda that compiles the names, synonyms, and properties of medicinal plants, minerals, and other substances. Priya Nighantu is an example that documents anti-diabetic herbs and minerals.
12) Prameha:
Prameha is an Ayurvedic term for a group of urinary disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Characterized by frequent and abnormal micturition, Prameha is extensively discussed in classical texts, and Priya Nighantu lists numerous drugs to manage this condition.
13) Dravya:
Dravya is a term in Ayurveda referring to a substance or material. In the context of Priya Nighantu, Dravya encompasses medicinal plants, minerals, and other materials used in the treatment of diseases like Prameha (diabetes).
14) Priya:
Priya in this context refers to Priya Nighantu, a 20th-century Ayurvedic glossary compiled by Acharya Priyavrat Sharma. It documents various herbo-mineral drugs and their properties, particularly focusing on anti-diabetic treatments.
15) Madhura:
Madhura signifies a sweet taste in Ayurveda. It is generally nourishing and soothing, often balancing Pitta and Vata doshas. In Priya Nighantu, some Pramehahara drugs exhibit Madhura vipaka, indicating a sweet after-effect.
16) Samaka (Shamaka):
Shamaka refers to the property of pacifying or alleviating. In Ayurveda, it describes the ability of a substance to balance doshas. For example, many drugs in Priya Nighantu are Kapha-Pittahara Shamaka, meaning they pacify Kapha and Pitta doshas.
17) Mineral:
Mineral refers to inorganic substances used for medicinal purposes in Ayurveda. Priya Nighantu includes various minerals like Rajat (silver), Vanga (tin), and Yashad (zinc) that have anti-diabetic properties.
18) Sharadi (Saradi):
Sharadi Varga is a classification in Priya Nighantu that includes medicinal plants grouped for their therapeutic effects. Examples include Murva and Avartaki, which are documented for their anti-diabetic properties.
19) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of fire and water. It governs metabolism and transformation in the body. Anti-diabetic herbs in Priya Nighantu often aim to balance Pitta for effective management of Prameha (diabetes).
20) Guru:
Guru signifies heaviness in Ayurveda, describing a property or 'guna' that indicates a substance is nourishing and sustaining. Some drugs listed in Priya Nighantu exhibit Guru guna to help manage various health conditions.
21) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-Pitta refers to the combined balance or imbalance of the Kapha and Pitta doshas. Many drugs documented in Priya Nighantu are aimed at Kapha-Pittahara, meaning they work to alleviate issues related to these doshas.
22) Pittahara (Pitta-hara):
Pittahara refers to substances that pacify or alleviate Pitta dosha. In Priya Nighantu, many of the herbs and minerals documented as Pramehahara are also Pittahara, making them useful in the management of diabetes, a condition often associated with Pitta.
23) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originating in India, focusing on the balance of bodily systems and the use of herbal and mineral treatments. Priya Nighantu is a significant text within Ayurveda that catalogs anti-diabetic herbs and minerals.
24) Medicine:
Medicine in the context of Ayurveda refers to therapeutic substances derived from natural sources such as herbs, minerals, and food items. Priya Nighantu lists numerous medicinal substances used in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
25) Arjuna:
Arjuna, or Terminalia arjuna, is a medicinal plant listed in Priya Nighantu under Haritakyadi Varga. It is known for its cardioprotective and anti-diabetic properties, playing a role in the management of Prameha.
26) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste or essence of a substance in Ayurveda. It is one of the primary factors in determining the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. The tastes like Kashaya, Tikta, and Katu are pivotal in anti-diabetic treatments listed in Priya Nighantu.
27) Kritannavarga (Krtannavarga, Kritanna-varga):
Kritanna-Varga is a classification in Priya Nighantu that includes prepared food items used for their medicinal properties. It lists substances like Dhana that have therapeutic applications, including the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
28) Dhanyavarga (Dhanya-varga):
Dhanya-Varga is a category in Priya Nighantu that lists cereals and grains used for their medicinal properties. It includes substances such as Yava, which have applications in the management of Prameha (diabetes).
29) Daruharidra (Daru-haridra):
Daruharidra, or Berberis aristata, is a medicinal plant with Tikta (bitter) rasa and Kapha-Pitta shamaka properties. It is listed in the Shatpushpadi Varga of Priya Nighantu as an effective treatment for Prameha (diabetes).
30) Phalavarga (Phala-varga):
Phala-Varga is a classification in Priya Nighantu that includes fruits with medicinal properties. It lists substances like Amra (mango) that are used for therapeutic purposes, including in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
31) Mahanimba (Maha-nimba):
Mahanimba, or Melia zedarach, is a plant listed in the Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It possesses Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) rasa and is used for its medicinal properties, including the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
32) Tuvaraka:
Tuvaraka, or Hydnocarpus laurifolia, is a medicinal plant included in the Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It is known for its anti-diabetic properties and is used to manage conditions like Prameha.
33) Shalmali (Salmali):
Shalmali, or Salmalia malabarica, is a medicinal plant listed in Priya Nighantu's Haritakyadi Varga. It has astringent (Kashaya) properties and is used for its therapeutic effects in treating Prameha (diabetes).
34) Kritanna (Krtanna, Krita-anna):
Kritanna refers to prepared foods with medicinal value. In Priya Nighantu, substances from the Kritanna Varga such as Dhana are noted for their therapeutic properties, including the management of Prameha (diabetes).
35) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vatahara refers to substances that pacify or alleviate Vata dosha. In Priya Nighantu, several drugs exhibit Vatahara properties, which helps in treating conditions like Prameha (diabetes) by balancing bodily energies.
36) Katphala:
Katphala, or Myrica esculenta, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It exhibits Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) properties, used for the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
37) Avartaki:
Avartaki, or Cassia auriculata, is a plant documented in the Sharadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. Known for its anti-diabetic properties, it is used in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
38) Udumbara:
Udumbara, or Ficus glomerata, is a medicinal plant listed under Haritakyadi Varga in Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya rasa and is used in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
39) Tinisha (Tinisa):
Tinisha, or Ougenia oojeinensis, is a plant included in the Sharadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has therapeutic properties useful in managing Prameha (diabetes).
40) Tinduka (Timduka):
Tinduka, or Diospyros peregrina, is a plant listed under Haritakyadi Varga in Priya Nighantu. It has properties beneficial for treating Prameha (diabetes).
41) Amalaki:
Amalaki, or Emblica officinalis, is a plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Panchrasa (five tastes except salty) and is Tridoshashamaka, making it effective in treating Prameha (diabetes).
42) Snigdha:
Snigdha refers to an oily or unctuous quality in Ayurveda. It describes a property that provides lubrication and nourishment. Some Pramehahara drugs in Priya Nighantu exhibit Snigdha guna.
43) Khadira:
Khadira, or Acacia catechu, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya (astringent) and Tikta (bitter) tastes and is used for its Kapha-Pittanashana properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
44) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna refers to a sharp quality in Ayurveda, describing a property that creates intensity and quick action. Many herbs in Priya Nighantu with Tikshna qualities are effective in treating Prameha (diabetes) by balancing doshas.
45) Haridra:
Haridra, or Curcuma longa, is a medicinal plant listed in Shatpushpadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. Known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, it is used to manage Prameha (diabetes).
46) Disease:
A disease is a condition that impairs normal functioning and is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms. Prameha (diabetes) is a significant disease discussed in Priya Nighantu, with various herbo-mineral treatments documented.
47) Dhanya:
Dhanya refers to grains or cereals in Ayurveda. In Priya Nighantu, the Dhanya Varga includes substances like Yava, known for their medicinal properties in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
48) Vipaka:
Vipaka is the post-digestive effect of a substance in Ayurveda. In Priya Nighantu, many Pramehahara drugs are noted for their Katu (pungent) or Madhura (sweet) vipaka, which influence their therapeutic efficacy in treating Prameha (diabetes).
49) Kinihi:
Kinihi, or Albizzia procera, is a plant listed in Sharadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has therapeutic properties useful in the management of Prameha (diabetes).
50) Phala:
Phala refers to fruits in Ayurveda. In Priya Nighantu, Phala-Varga includes medicinal fruits like Amra that have therapeutic applications, including in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
51) Bimbi:
Bimbi, also known as Van-Bimbi or Coccinia indica, is a medicinal plant listed in Priya Nighantu's Pippaliyadi Varga. Known for its anti-diabetic properties, it is used in the management of Prameha (diabetes).
52) Dhava:
Dhava, or Anogeissus latifolia, is a medicinal plant listed in the Sharadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has properties beneficial for treating Prameha (diabetes).
53) Murva:
Murva, or Marsdenia tenacissima, is a medicinal plant listed in the Sharadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has anti-diabetic properties and is used in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
54) Shala (Sala):
Shala, or Shorea robusta, is a medicinal plant listed under Haritakyadi Varga in Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya (astringent) and Madhura (sweet) tastes and is used for its Kapha-Pitta Shamaka properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
55) Bilva (Vilva):
Bilva, or Aegle marmelos, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya (astringent) and Tikta (bitter) tastes and is used for its Vata-Kapha shamaka properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
56) Asana (Ashana):
Asana, or Pterocarpus marsupium, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya (astringent) rasa and is used for its Kapha-Pitta shamaka properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
57) Jambu:
Jambu, or Syzygium cumini, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Kashaya (astringent) and Madhura (sweet) tastes and is used for its Kapha-Pittahara properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
58) Nimba:
Nimba, or Azadirachta indica, is a medicinal plant listed in Haritakyadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It has Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) tastes and is used for its Kapha-Pittanashaka properties in treating Prameha (diabetes).
59) Suvarnadivarga (Suvarnadi-varga):
Suvarnadi-Varga is a classification in Priya Nighantu that includes medicinal minerals. It lists substances such as Rajat (silver) and Vanga (tin), which have applications in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
60) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drug actions and their effects on living systems. In the context of Priya Nighantu, pharmacological details of anti-diabetic herbs and minerals are outlined to understand their efficacy in treating Prameha (diabetes).
61) Discussion:
The 'Discussion' section of the research article serves to interpret and elucidate the findings. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the pharmacological actions of the anti-diabetic drugs listed in Priya Nighantu for better clinical application in managing Prameha (diabetes).
62) Shilajatu (Silajatu, Shila-jatu):
Shilajatu is a mineral substance listed in Suvarnadi Varga of Priya Nighantu. It is known for its potent therapeutic properties and is used in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
63) Suvarnadi (Suvarna-adi):
Suvarnadi refers to a category in Priya Nighantu that includes precious minerals used for medicinal purposes. This Varga involves minerals like Rajat and Vanga, effective in managing diseases such as Prameha (diabetes).
64) Vriksha (Vrksa):
Vriksha refers to trees in the Ayurvedic lexicon. In Priya Nighantu, various Vriksha are documented for their medicinal properties, particularly those effective in treating Prameha (diabetes).
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 112]
Other Science Concepts:
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