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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎 Comprehensive Ayurvedic Management of Amavata鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Basti:
Basti is an enema treatment used in the Ayurvedic system, particularly for detoxification and to deliver medicinal substances directly into the intestines. It is crucial in managing conditions like Amavata. The treatment involves two types: Vaitarana basti and Guduchyadi kashaya basti.

2) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya in Ayurveda refers to medicinal decoctions used for their therapeutic benefits. Dashamoola kashaya and Guduchyadi kashaya are examples used in managing Amavata, with properties like Ama pachaka (digests toxins) and Tridoshahara (balances all three doshas). They help reduce symptoms like pain and swelling and improve digestion.

3) Swelling:
Swelling or Shotha is a common symptom in conditions like Amavata and Rheumatoid arthritis. It is characterized by fluid accumulation in tissues, leading to enlarged, puffy areas. In this case study, various treatments like Kottamachukkadi lepa and Dhanyamla kayaseka were used to reduce swelling in affected joints.

4) Amavata (Ama-vata):
Amavata is an Ayurvedic term for a condition resembling Rheumatoid arthritis. It is caused by Ama (toxic by-products of digestion) accumulating in the joints, with Vata dosha aggravation, leading to symptoms like pain, stiffness, and swelling in multiple joints. Treatments focus on correcting Agni dusti (digestive fire disturbances) and removing Ama.

5) Pain:
Pain or Sandhi Shoola is a significant symptom in Amavata and Rheumatoid arthritis, often manifesting as severe discomfort in multiple joints. Treatments in Ayurveda include Lepa (poultices), Kayaseka (medicated liquid pours), and Basti (enema treatments) to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

6) Vaitarana:
Vaitarana basti is a specific type of enema described in Ayurveda for Amavata management. It includes ingredients like Guda (jaggery), Saindhava (rock salt), and Gomutra (cow's urine) to detoxify and enhance Agni (digestive fire), thereby alleviating symptoms like pain and swelling.

7) Stiffness:
Stiffness or Sandhi Stabdata is another primary symptom of Amavata and Rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by reduced flexibility and movement in the joints. In this case, treatments like Kayaseka with Dashamoola kashaya and Dhanyamla were utilized to reduce stiffness and improve range of motion.

8) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints, with symptoms like pain, stiffness, and swelling. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Amavata. The case study highlights Ayurvedic treatments like Basti, Lepa, and Kashaya, which provide relief without the severe side effects of conventional medicines.

9) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi refers to joints in Ayurveda. Conditions like Amavata cause Sandhi shoola (pain), Shotha (swelling), and Stabdata (stiffness), affecting the joints' normal functioning. Treatments are often directed towards alleviating these symptoms and restoring joint health.

10) Taila (Thaila):
Taila or oil is used in various Ayurvedic treatments, especially in forms like Basti and Anuvasana-basti. Saindhavadi taila and Yastimadhu taila are examples used in this case for their Vatakaphahara (pacifying Vata and Kapha) and Snehana (oleation) properties, aiding in reducing pain and stiffness.

11) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali or long pepper is utilized in Ayurveda for its digestive and carminative properties. It is used in Vardhamana pippali rasayana, a protocol involving increasing doses for immunomodulation and enhancing digestive fire or Agni, which is crucial in managing Amavata.

12) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease in Ayurveda. Amavata is a Vyadhi that shares symptoms with Rheumatoid arthritis, involving joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Ayurvedic management focuses on treating the root cause, targeting Agnimandya (digestive fire disturbances), and removing Ama (toxins).

13) Lepa:
Lepa refers to medicinal pastes applied externally. For instance, Kottamachukkadi lepa is used for its Vatakaphahara and Sothahara properties to manage swelling and pain in joints affected by Amavata.

14) Anuvasanabasti (Anuvasana-basti):
Anuvasana-basti or oil enema is a part of Basti therapy in Ayurveda, especially beneficial for Vata disorders. Anuvasana basti with Bruhat saindhavadi taila was used in the case to provide oleation to the body, thereby reducing pain and stiffness in joints.

15) Anuvasana:
Anuvasana refers to a type of Basti involving the administration of medicated oils for lubrication and nourishment of the intestines. In this case, Anuvasana basti with Bruhat saindhavadi taila was used to alleviate symptoms of Amavata and improve joint mobility.

16) Dhanyamla (Dhanya-amla):
Dhanyamla is a fermented medicinal liquid used in Ayurvedic treatments, particularly in Kayaseka, where medicated liquids are poured over the body to relieve symptoms like pain and stiffness in Amavata. It possesses Vatakaphahara and Deepana properties.

17) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana therapy in Ayurveda aims at rejuvenation and enhancing overall health. Vardhamana pippali rasayana was used in this case to boost immunity and digestive fire, aiding in the management of chronic conditions like Amavata.

18) Saindhavadi:
Saindhavadi taila is a medicated oil used in Ayurvedic treatments for its Vatakaphahara (pacifying Vata and Kapha) and Snehana (oleation) effects. It was part of the Anuvasana Basti protocol in this case study to alleviate joint pain and stiffness associated with Amavata.

19) Vardhamana:
Vardhamana in Ayurveda refers to protocols where dosages are gradually increased. Vardhamana pippali rasayana involves increasing doses of Pippali to enhance Agni (digestive fire), which helps in managing conditions like Amavata by improving digestion and expelling toxins.

20) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focused on holistic health and natural treatments. It employs various therapies like Panchakarma, Rasayana, and herbal medicines to manage chronic conditions like Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis) by addressing root causes.

21) Madhyama:
Madhyama refers to moderate in Ayurvedic assessment, including elements like Pramana (measurements) and Samhanana (build). In this case, it was part of the patient鈥檚 physical evaluation, stating she had a moderate build and strength, which influences treatment plans.

22) Pradhana:
Pradhana indicates primary or chief, often used to describe the main complaints in Ayurveda. The patient in this case study had Pradhana vedana vruttanta, which means the chief complaint was pain in multiple joints associated with swelling and stiffness.

23) Disease:
Disease in Ayurveda is often attributed to imbalances in the body's doshas, Ama accumulation, or Agnimandya (poor digestion). This case concerns Amavata, an Ayurvedic perspective on Rheumatoid arthritis, treated through holistic methods targeting the root causes.

24) India:
India is the origin of Ayurveda, the system of medicine used in this case study. The government Ayurveda Medical College in Bangalore, Karnataka, provided the Ayurvedic treatment for Amavata, emphasizing traditional methodologies and holistic healthcare.

25) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with movement and dryness. An imbalance in Vata dosha contributes to conditions like Amavata, leading to symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints. Treatments often aim to pacify Vata.

26) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya is a condition of weak or impaired digestive fire (Agni), causing improper digestion and production of Ama (toxins). It plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Amavata, making treatments that enhance Agni vital for managing the condition.

27) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava or rock salt is often used in Ayurvedic treatments for its digestive and detoxifying properties. It is an ingredient in various therapies like Vaitarana basti and plays a role in enhancing Agni and alleviating symptoms like pain and swelling.

28) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to swelling in Ayurveda, a common symptom in conditions like Amavata. Treatments aim to reduce Shotha by detoxifying and improving circulation. Kottamachukkadi lepa and Dhanyamla kayaseka are examples used to manage swelling in the case study.

29) Ananta (Anamta):
Ananta S Desai is the Professor and Head of PG and PhD Studies at the Department of Panchakarma, Government Ayurveda Medical College in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, as mentioned in the case study.

30) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with stability, lubrication, and structure. Imbalance in Kapha, along with Vata, contributes to conditions like Amavata, resulting in symptoms like stiffness and swelling. Treatments aim to balance Kapha.

31) Surya (Shurya):
Surya S is one of the authors of the case study on Ayurvedic management of Amavata in the AYUSHDHARA journal.

32) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
Kapha-Vata indicates a condition involving both Kapha and Vata doshas. Amavata is a Kapha-vata pradhana tridosha, meaning an imbalance of these doshas contributes to the disease's pathogenesis, resulting in symptoms like stiffness, swelling, and pain.

33) Samprapti:
Samprapti in Ayurveda refers to the pathogenesis or the development process of a disease. The Samprapti of Amavata involves Agnimandya (impaired digestion) leading to the creation of Ama and its lodging in joints along with Vata aggravation, causing symptoms like pain and stiffness.

34) Karnataka:
Karnataka is an Indian state where the Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, is located. This college conducted the case study on Ayurvedic management of Amavata mentioned in the AYUSHDHARA journal.

35) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta is a condition in Ayurveda characterized by Vata and Rakta (blood) vitiation, leading to symptoms like pain and swelling in joints. In the later stages, Amavata can convert to Vatarakta, necessitating treatments like Guduchyadi kashaya basti for better management.

36) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni refers to a weak digestive fire, resulting in improper digestion and Ama (toxin) formation. Correcting Mandagni is essential in treating Amavata, as the primary cause involves Ama and aggravation of Vata dosha. Various treatments aim to strengthen Agni.

37) Medicine:
Medicine in Ayurveda involves holistic treatments including Panchakarma, Rasayana, herbal formulations, and lifestyle modifications. The case study explores Ayurvedic medicine as an effective alternative to conventional medicine for managing Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis).

38) Langhana (Lamghana):
Langhana is a therapeutic fasting technique in Ayurveda used to reduce heaviness and Ama (toxins). It is part of the treatment for Amavata to help eliminate accumulated toxins and improve digestive fire (Agni).

39) Snehana:
Snehana or oleation is a treatment involving the application of oils, both externally and internally, to pacify Vata dosha. In this case, Anuvasana basti with Bruhat saindhavadi taila was administered to reduce joint pain and stiffness in Amavata.

40) Gomutra (Go-mutra):
Gomutra or cow's urine is used in Ayurvedic treatments for its detoxifying properties. It is an ingredient in Vaitarana basti, aiding in the digestion of Ama and elimination of toxins, which helps in managing conditions like Amavata.

41) Shakti (Sakti):
Shakthi refers to strength. In Ayurveda, Ahara Shakthi (digestive strength) and Vyayama Shakthi (exercise capacity) are assessed to determine a patient's overall health and to formulate treatment plans. In this case, both were noted for the female patient managing Amavata.

42) Vikara:
[see source text or glossary: Vikara]

43) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to bones. In conditions like Amavata, bones and joints (Sandhi) are primarily affected, showing symptoms like pain, swelling, and stiffness. Treatments focus on alleviating these symptoms and improving joint health.

44) Avara:
Avara means low or deficient. In this case study, the patient's Vyayama Shakthi (physical strength) was assessed as Avara, indicating reduced exercise capacity, which is considered while planning the treatment for Amavata.

45) Majja:
Majja or bone marrow is one of the dhatus (tissues) assessed in Ayurveda. Conditions like Amavata affect the Majja dhatu, causing symptoms like pain and swelling in the joints. Treatments aim to balance doshas and alleviate symptoms.

46) Guda:
Guda or jaggery is used in various Ayurvedic formulations for its medicinal properties. It is an ingredient in Vaitarana basti, helping in the digestion of Ama and enhancing the efficacy of the enema treatment in managing Amavata.

47) Amla:
Amla or sour substances are utilized in Ayurveda for their Vatakaphahara (pacifying Vata and Kapha) properties. Dhanyamla, a fermented sour liquid, is used in Kayaseka treatment to alleviate symptoms like pain and stiffness in Amavata.

48) Food:
Food or Ahara plays a crucial role in Ayurveda. Inappropriate food habits can lead to conditions like Agnimandya (weak digestion) and Ama formation, contributing to diseases like Amavata. Correct dietary guidelines are essential for managing such conditions.

49) Drug:
In Ayurveda, drugs are primarily herbal formulations used to treat various conditions. The case study mentions several drugs like Kottamachukkadi lepa and Guduchyadi kashaya that were employed for managing Amavata, highlighting their effectiveness and lack of severe side effects.

50) Samyogaviruddha (Samyoga-viruddha):
Samyogaviruddha relates to incompatible food combinations in Ayurveda, which can lead to health issues like Agnimandya and Ama formation. Avoiding such combinations is vital in managing diseases like Amavata.

51) Viruddhahara (Viruddha-ahara):
Viruddhahara refers to incompatible foods that disrupt digestion and balance of doshas. In the context of Amavata, consuming Viruddhahara can contribute to Agnimandya and Ama formation, exacerbating symptoms like pain and stiffness.

52) Madhuramla (Madhura-amla):
Madhura-amla refers to sweet and sour tastes. In Ayurveda, understanding the effects of taste on dosha balance is crucial for treatment. Diets or medications with specific tastes like Madhura-amla can be used to pacify imbalances causing conditions like Amavata.

53) Tridoshahara (Tridosahara, Tridosha-hara):
Tridoshahara refers to treatments that balance all three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Dashamoola kashaya is an example used in managing Amavata due to its Ama pachaka (digesting toxins) and Tridoshahara properties.

54) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
Niruha-basti or decoction enema is a part of Basti treatment in Ayurveda. For Amavata management, Niruha basti with formulations like Vaitarana basti and Guduchyadi kashaya basti was employed to detoxify and balance doshas.

55) Shatapushpa (Satapuspa, Shata-pushpa):
[see source text or glossary: Shatapushpa]

56) Mudgayusha (Mudgayusa, Mudga-yusha):
Mudga-yusha is a nourishing broth made of green gram, used in Ayurvedic diets for its digestive benefits. It was part of the Vardhamana pippali rasayana treatment protocol to support digestion and overall health in managing Amavata.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 127]