Study: Efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga vs Metformin for Type II Diabetes.
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A Comparative Clinical Study to Determine the Efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga and Metformin in the Management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Type II Diabetes Mellitus
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Thakur Pratibha
MD Scholar, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Mishra Anjana
Professor and H.O.D, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Chaudhary Vijay
Principal cum Dean, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A Comparative Clinical Study to Determine the Efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga and Metformin in the Management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i5.1406
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Madhumeha, recognized in Ayurveda, corresponds with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in modern medicine and involves chronic conditions characterized by increased blood glucose levels, insulin deficiency, or resistance. This clinical study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ayurvedic formulation Bhudhatrayadi Yoga compared to Metformin in managing Madhumeha. A total of 40 patients participated, divided into two groups, whereby one group was given Bhudhatrayadi Yoga while the other received Metformin. Both subjective and objective parameters were assessed throughout the 12-week study period.
Efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga
The administration of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga demonstrated statistically significant improvements in various subjective parameters, particularly in reducing symptoms such as Prabhuta Mutrata (polyuria) and Avila Mutrata (discolored urine). Additionally, other symptoms like Pipasaadhikya (increased thirst), Kshudhaadhikya (increased appetite), Karapadaha (burning sensation in the hands and feet), and Shithilangata (fatigue) also showed significant relief after treatment. This suggests that Bhudhatrayadi Yoga effectively addresses the core symptoms associated with Madhumeha, highlighting its potential as a viable Ayurvedic treatment option for diabetes management.
Impact on Objective Parameters
Bhudhatrayadi Yoga also resulted in substantial positive changes in objective parameters, including reductions in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Statistically significant changes were noted (p < 0.001) in these metrics, indicating that the Ayurvedic approach may prove beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels. Moreover, while Metformin also showed improvements, the differences between the two groups concerning objective parameters were significant, favoring Metformin's efficacy for certain measures, though no adverse side effects from Bhudhatrayadi Yoga were reported during the study.
Conclusion
The study concludes that Bhudhatrayadi Yoga is an effective Ayurvedic formulation for managing the symptoms of Madhumeha, with significant reductions noted in both subjective and objective parameters. The lack of reported adverse effects further supports its use as a safe alternative or complementary treatment for diabetes. Given the rising prevalence of Type II Diabetes, the findings reinforce the necessity of exploring traditional Ayurvedic treatments, such as Bhudhatrayadi Yoga, as feasible options in enhancing the holistic management of diabetes in patients.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the purpose of the study on Bhudhatrayadi Yoga?
The study aimed to determine the efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga compared to Metformin in managing Madhumeha (Type II Diabetes Mellitus) and to evaluate its clinical safety and potential side effects.
How many patients participated in the clinical study?
A total of 40 patients were included in the study, randomly divided into two groups, with 20 patients receiving Bhudhatrayadi Yoga and 20 patients receiving Metformin over a duration of 12 weeks.
What were the main outcomes measured during the trial?
The study assessed subjective symptoms like polyuria and thirst, as well as objective measures including fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), analyzing the improvement after treatment.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study: Efficacy of Bhudhatrayadi Yoga vs Metformin for Type II Diabetes.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Yoga:
In the context of this study, 'Yoga' refers to a combination or formulation of Ayurvedic herbs used to treat Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Specifically, 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga' is a compound comprising 'Bhoomayamlaki' and 'Maricha'.
2) Adhikya:
This term means 'excess' in Ayurvedic terms. For example, 'Pipasa-adhikya' refers to increased thirst, noted as a symptom in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The study examined the reduction of this particular symptom with treatments.
3) Daha:
In the study, 'Karapada Daha' translates to a burning sensation in the hands and feet, a symptom assessed for its reduction through the therapies under investigation. The term itself means 'burning sensation' in Sanskrit.
4) Sugar:
Refers to blood sugar levels, which are a primary measure of diabetes management. The study evaluated both fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) as key objective criteria for treatment efficacy.
5) Drug:
In this study, the term 'drug' refers to the substances used for treatment: 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', an Ayurvedic formulation, and Metformin, a standard allopathic drug used for managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
6) Blood:
Blood measurements are central to the study, focusing on blood sugar levels (FBS, PPBS), haemoglobin, and other relevant biochemical parameters like SGOT and SGPT to assess the treatments' effects.
7) Prabhuta:
The term refers to 'high volume' or 'abundance' and is used in 'Prabhuta Mutrata' to describe polyuria, or excessive urination, one of the symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus assessed in this study.
8) Avila:
This word means 'discolored' or 'turbid,' used in 'Avila Mutrata' to describe turbid or discolored urine. It is one of the subjective parameters tracked in the clinical study to evaluate the treatments' efficacy.
9) Pipasa:
Pipasa refers to 'thirst,' and 'Pipasa-adhikya' means increased thirst. The study assessed this increased thirst as one of the multiple symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus being treated.
10) Disease:
'Disease' refers to the medical condition being studied, which in this case is Type II Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder described as 'Madhumeha' in Ayurvedic literature.
11) Thirst:
'Thirst' in this study is evaluated under 'Pipasa-adhikya' (increased thirst) and it is a key symptom for assessing the efficacy of treatments in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients.
12) Prameha:
'Prameha' is a term in Ayurveda representing a group of urinary disorders, including 'Madhumeha' which corresponds to Type II Diabetes Mellitus in modern medical terms.
13) Pitta:
'Pitta' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. Its imbalance is considered in the pathological process of 'Madhumeha'. In the study, 'Bhoomayamlaki' is noted for its 'Pitta-kapha shamaka' properties.
14) Vata:
'Vata' is another dosha in Ayurveda. 'Madhumeha' is specifically categorized as a subtype of 'Vataja Prameha,' meaning it is primarily caused by the vitiation of the Vata dosha.
15) Diet:
Diet considerations are intrinsic to the management of diabetes and 'Madhumeha'. The study mentions patients with mixed and vegetarian diets, indicating the role of dietary habits in managing this condition.
16) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is assessed as 'Swedadhikya' in the study, which means excessive perspiration. It is one of the subjective symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus evaluated for improvement.
17) Prakriti (Prakrti):
'Prakriti' refers to the body constitution in Ayurveda. The study mentions different patient Prakritis, like 'Pitta-Kaphaja', 'Vata-Kaphja', and 'Vata-Pittaja', in the patient demographic data.
18) Samaka (Shamaka):
'Shamaka' means pacifying or alleviating in Ayurveda. For instance, 'Pitta-Kapha Shamaka' properties of 'Bhoomayamlaki' suggest it can help in reducing symptoms attributed to aggravated Pitta and Kapha doshas.
19) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, known for governing the structure and fluid balance in the body. In 'Madhumeha' treatment, herbs like 'Bhoomayamlaki' show 'Kapha-Pitta Shamaka' effects.
20) Katu:
'Katu' means 'pungent taste' in Ayurveda. Herbs with Katu rasa, such as 'Maricha', are considered beneficial in managing diabetes symptoms like excessive urination by acting on the 'Mutravaha Srotasa' and reducing Kapha dosha.
21) Pada:
'Pada' means 'foot' or 'limb' in Sanskrit. In this study, it is part of terms like 'Karapada Daha' (burning in hands and feet) or 'Karapadasuptata' (numbness in hands and feet), which are symptoms assessed.
22) Padatala (Pada-tala):
'Pada-tala' indicates the sole of the foot. Symptoms like 'Hasta-Pada-Tala Daha' (burning sensation in palms and soles) and 'Karapada Suptata' (numbness in limbs) were specifically assessed in the study.
23) Kshudha (Ksudha):
Kshudha' refers to 'appetite,' and 'Kshudha-adhikya' means increased appetite. This is a symptom of Type II Diabetes Mellitus evaluated in the study for both Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments.
24) Suptata (Supta-ta):
'Suptata' refers to numbness, as in 'Karapadasuptata' meaning numbness in hands and feet. It is one of the subjective symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus tracked for improvement in the study.
25) Kashaya (Kasaya):
'Kashaya' means 'astringent taste' in Ayurveda. Herbs with this taste, such as those in 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', are considered beneficial in treating conditions like 'Madhumeha'.
26) Ruksha (Ruksa):
'Ruksha' means dry or rough. It's a quality considered in the Ayurvedic treatment of 'Madhumeha'. For instance, symptoms include passing of 'ruksha' (dry) urine as stated in the study.
27) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors in Ayurvedic medicine - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. 'Madhumeha' is associated with the vitiation of the Vata dosha, as discussed in the research.
28) Dhatu:
'Dhatu' refers to the fundamental tissues in Ayurvedic medicine. The study mentions 'Oja', the essence of all 'Dhatus', being carried to 'Basti' and expelled out, highlighting the pathophysiology of 'Madhumeha'.
29) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda corresponds to the fat tissue in Ayurveda. In 'Madhumeha', vitiated doshas affect Dhatus like Meda, leading to symptoms that the study aims to ameliorate with treatments.
30) Tala:
'Tala' indicates the surface or sole, often referring to the hands and feet in medical context. In this study, terms like 'Hasta-Pada-Tala' are used to describe symptoms experienced by patients.
31) Burning sensation:
'Burning sensation' is translated from 'Daha' in Ayurveda. The study assesses 'Karapada Daha', meaning burning sensation in hands and feet, as one of the subjective symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
32) Madhurasyata:
Madhurasyata refers to a feeling of sweetness in the mouth. It is mentioned as one of the possible symptoms of 'Madhumeha'. Interestingly, none of the patients in the study presented with 'Madhurasyata'.
33) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
'Vata-dosha' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. In the context of the study, 'Madhumeha' is considered a subtype of 'Vataja Prameha', which is primarily caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha.
34) Education:
The study mentions 'Education' level as part of its demographic data, with patients having varied educational backgrounds including matriculate, primary level, illiterate, graduate, and post-graduate.
35) Medicine:
Modern medicine's approach is compared with Ayurveda in the study. For example, Metformin is used as a standard drug in modern medicine for Type II Diabetes Mellitus, and is compared with 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga'.
36) Madhura:
'Madhura' means 'sweet' in Sanskrit, used to describe one of the symptoms of 'Madhumeha' where urine is described as 'Madhura'. It is also a taste classification for drugs and foods in Ayurveda.
37) Anupana:
'Anupana' refers to the vehicle or medium with which medications are to be taken. In this study, lukewarm water was used as the 'Anupana' for administering 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga'.
38) Sahaja (Saha-ja):
'Sahaja', meaning congenital or hereditary, is one of the etiological factors mentioned in the study for 'Madhumeha', comparable to inherited Type I Diabetes Mellitus in modern medicine.
39) Vipaka:
�Vipaka� is the post-digestive effect of a substance in Ayurveda. For 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', 'Katu Vipaka' acts on the 'Mutravaha Srotasa' and influences symptoms like excessive urination in 'Madhumeha'.
40) Vataja (Vata-ja):
'Vataja' refers to ailments primarily caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha. 'Madhumeha' is classified as 'Vataja Prameha' in Ayurveda, emphasizing its link with the Vata dosha imbalance.
41) Laghu:
'Laghu' means 'light' in terms of its physical attribute in Ayurveda. 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga' includes herbs like 'Bhoomayamlaki', which is described as having 'Laghu' guna, helpful in treating 'Madhumeha'.
42) Tikta:
'Tikta' means 'bitter taste' in Ayurvedic terminology. In 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', the herb 'Bhoomayamlaki' is described as having 'Tikta rasa', contributing to its therapeutic effects.
43) Ushna (Usna):
'Ushna' means 'hot' in terms of potency. 'Maricha', an ingredient in 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', has 'Ushna Veerya' (hot potency) which helps alleviate symptoms by expelling Kapha from the Srotas.
44) Basti:
'Basti' in Ayurveda refers to the urinary bladder. In the study, 'Madhumeha' is explained as conditions where the essence of Dhatus is expelled through Basti, highlighting its crucial role.
45) India:
India is noted as having the highest number of diabetes patients globally, a context emphasized in the introduction of the study. The research aims to address this significant public health concern.
46) Hara:
'Hara' means alleviating or removing. In the study, properties like 'Kapha-Vata Hara' indicate substances that alleviate Kapha and Vata dosha symptoms in disorders like 'Madhumeha'.
47) Rajanighantu (Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
'Raja-nighantu' is a classical Ayurvedic text cited in the study. It describes the properties and actions of herbs like 'Bhoomayamlaki', which is referred to as 'Pitta Meha Nashini' (helps in Prameha).
48) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-Pitta refers to a dual dosha constitution. Some patients in the study had 'Pitta-Kaphaja Prakriti', indicating a combined influence of these two doshas in their physiological constitution.
49) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vata-Pitta refers to a combined influence of Vata and Pitta doshas on an individual's constitution. A section of patients in the study showed 'Vata-Pittaja Prakriti'.
50) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
Kapha-Vata indicates a combination of Kapha and Vata doshas. The study mentions 'Vata-Kaphaja Prakriti' among some patients, relevant to their physiological constitution.
51) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the analytical part of the research where findings are reviewed. It includes detailed interpretations of the study's clinical data, the potential mechanisms behind observed effects, and contextual literature.
52) Samtarpana (Santarpana):
'Santarpana' means nutrition or over-nutrition. 'Santarpana Janya' in the study refers to one of the etiological factors of 'Madhumeha', suggesting that excessive nutrition might lead to the disease.
53) Samprapti:
'Samprapti' is the Ayurvedic term for the pathogenesis or the development process of a disease. The study describes 'Samprapti' of 'Madhumeha', detailing how dosha imbalances lead to the condition.
54) Blindness:
'Blindness' is a long-term complication of unmanaged diabetes mentioned in the study. Chronic hyperglycemia from diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, ultimately causing blindness.
55) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is the ancient Indian system of medicine. The study evaluates Ayurvedic treatments, specifically 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga', for managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus or 'Madhumeha'.
56) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
'Nighantu' refers to lexicons or dictionaries in Ayurvedic literature, such as 'Raja-nighantu', which describe various herbs and their properties. The study references these texts for the properties of its trial drugs.
57) Prakasha (Prakasa):
'Prakasha' appears in 'Bhava Prakasha', another significant Ayurvedic text cited in the study. It is used to describe the beneficial effects of herbs like 'Bhoomayamlaki' in conditions like 'Pipasa' (thirst).
58) Sithila (Shithila):
'Shithila' means weak or loose. In the study, 'Shithilangata' (fatigue) is one of the subjective parameters assessed to determine the efficacy of the treatments on patient symptoms.
59) Samhita:
'Samhita' means a classical compendium in Ayurveda. The study references 'Charaka Samhita,' an authoritative text, to explain the etiology and categorization of 'Madhumeha' (Type II Diabetes Mellitus).
60) Chedana:
'Chedana' refers to 'scraping' or 'removing' in Ayurveda. The 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga' in the study is said to give 'Chedana' effect in cleaning 'Strotas', helping in the management of 'Madhumeha.
61) Kaphaja:
'Kaphaja' indicates conditions caused primarily by an imbalance of the Kapha dosha. 'Kaphaja Prakriti' means a constitutional type dominated by Kapha, mentioned in the study’s patient demographics.
62) Apathya:
'Apathya' means non-beneficial or harmful. 'Apathya Nimitaja' is one of the etiological factors for 'Madhumeha' in the 'Charaka Samhita', indicating lifestyle factors that contribute to the disease.
63) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
'Pittaja' refers to conditions caused primarily by the imbalance of Pitta dosha. 'Pittaja Prakriti' means a constitution dominated by Pitta, mentioned in the study to describe patient demographics.
64) Nashini (Nasini):
'Nashini' means 'destroyer' or 'alleviator'. In 'Raja Nighantu', 'Bhoomayamlaki' is described as 'Pitta Meha Nashini', indicating its effectiveness in managing conditions like 'Prameha'.
65) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra refers to one of the authors contributing to the study. Mishra Anjana is listed as a Professor and H.O.D. involved in the research on 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga' and Metformin.
66) Anjana (Amjana):
Anjana refers to one of the authors of the study, specifically Mishra Anjana, who is a Professor and H.O.D. involved in the research on treatments for 'Madhumeha'.
67) Lasika:
'Lasika' refers to lymph or interstitial fluid in Ayurveda. In the study, vitiated doshas along with pitta and kapha affect Lasika, contributing to the progression of 'Madhumeha'.
68) Abadha:
'Abadha' means obstructed or blocked in Sanskrit. In the context of the study, 'Abadha Meda' refers to obstructed fat tissue caused by vitiated doshas, playing a role in 'Madhumeha'.
69) Kangra:
Kangra is the district in Himachal Pradesh, India, where the R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, the site of this clinical study, is located.
70) Family:
The term 'Family' is used in the context of botanical classification. The study mentions the families like Phyllanthaceae and Piperaceae for the herbs used in 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga'.
71) Farmer:
Farmer is listed as one of the occupations of the study participants. The study evaluated various demographic factors including occupation to understand the patient profiles.
72) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' denotes therapeutic actions of a drug in Ayurveda. 'Bhudhatrayadi Yoga' is noted for its 'Strotoshodhana' (purifying channels) and 'Chedana' (scraping) karma, aiding in the management of 'Madhumeha'.
73) Majja:
'Majja' refers to marrow or nerve tissue in Ayurveda. The study suggests that vitiated doshas affect Majja among other Dhatus, contributing to the pathophysiology of 'Madhumeha'.
74) Bhava:
Bhava refers to 'Bhava Prakasha', an important Ayurvedic text. The study cites it to support the use of 'Bhoomayamlaki' for its therapeutic actions like 'Pipasa hara' (reducing thirst).
75) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
'Pandu' translates as 'pale', used in descriptive terms for indicators like urine color in patients. For 'Madhumeha', patients pass 'pale' urine as one of the clinical features noted in the study.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 84]
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