Efficacy of ksharasootra in treating third-degree hemorrhoids
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Efficacy of ksharasootra ligation in arshachikitsa w.s.r. to third degree haemorrhoids
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Verma Shweta
Lecturer, Dept. of Shalya Tantra, Govt. Ashtang Ayurveda College, Indore (M.P.), India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Efficacy of ksharasootra ligation in arshachikitsa w.s.r. to third degree haemorrhoids
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i5.625
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hemorrhoids, a condition characterized by the dilation of veins in the anal canal, are increasingly prevalent due to lifestyle factors such as prolonged sitting and poor dietary habits. Among the various degrees of hemorrhoids, third-degree hemorrhoids present a significant challenge as the piles prolapse during defecation and require manual replacement. This study explores the efficacy of Ksharasootra ligation—a traditional Ayurvedic treatment mentioned in classical texts—in addressing third-degree hemorrhoids. The investigation involved a clinical trial focusing on the treatment's impact on various symptoms associated with the condition.
Efficacy of Ksharasootra Ligation
Ksharasootra ligation is a method involving the application of a special medicated thread that employs both mechanical pressure and chemical cauterization to achieve excision of the hemorrhoidal tissue. The thread is coated with medicinal ingredients that facilitate the necrosis of the affected tissue and promote healing. In this study, 15 patients underwent Ksharasootra ligation, with results showing significant relief from proctorrhagia (81% relief) and prolapse (95% relief). Statistical analysis confirmed the treatment's effectiveness, with results indicating a high significance level, particularly in reducing both symptoms and overall patient satisfaction.
Clinical Outcomes and Patient Management
After the Ksharasootra ligation procedure, patients experienced various postoperative outcomes, including pain relief, healing times, and any complications. Postoperative assessments showed a mean score indicating a notable decrease in pain after treatment, with most patients reporting complete relief from symptoms. A minimal incidence of complications such as urinary retention and wound infection was observed, which were managed effectively with proper care. The follow-up demonstrated a substantial rate of patient satisfaction, with 93.3% of patients achieving complete relief from hemorrhoid symptoms.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study supports the effectiveness of Ksharasootra ligation as a viable treatment for third-degree hemorrhoids, addressing both internal and external hemorrhoidal components. This Ayurvedic approach not only provides significant symptom relief, particularly in cases resistant to previous conservative treatments but also enhances patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that Ksharasootra ligation could be considered a valuable option for managing third-degree hemorrhoids alongside conventional medical practices.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of Ksharasootra ligation?
Ksharasootra ligation is used to treat third-degree hemorrhoids by excising tumor-like masses in the anal region, providing relief from symptoms like proctorrhagia and prolapse.
What were the results of the efficacy study on Ksharasootra?
The study found that Ksharasootra ligation resulted in 93.3% of patients being cured, with significant relief in symptoms such as proctorrhagia and prolapse, indicating its effectiveness.
What are the inclusion criteria for the treatment study?
Inclusion criteria included patients aged 20-65, having third-degree hemorrhoids, and willing to participate in the trial. Exclusion criteria encompassed patients with uncontrolled systemic disorders or pregnancy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Efficacy of ksharasootra in treating third-degree hemorrhoids�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom experienced by patients undergoing Ksharasootra ligation for third-degree haemorrhoids. It can occur postoperatively due to the procedure's invasive nature and responds well to analgesics and warm sitz baths. Pain was assessed as part of the study's clinical criteria.
2) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara is a crucial ingredient in the preparation of Ksharasootra. It acts as a caustic agent providing chemical cauterization. It's hygroscopic, absorbing moisture easily, which necessitates proper preparation and coating of Ksharasootra to preserve its potency.
3) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' in this context refers to the Ksharasootra karma, a parasurgical procedure used to treat third-degree haemorrhoids. This technique involves the application of a medicated thread (Ksharasootra) to ligate and excise haemorrhoidal tissue, providing relief from symptoms.
4) Arshas (Arsa, Arsha, Arsas):
Arshas is the Ayurvedic term for haemorrhoids, a condition characterized by the protrusion of fleshy lumps in the anorectal region. It results from systemic imbalance and improper dietary and lifestyle habits.
5) Cauterisation (Cauterization):
Cauterization in the context of Ksharasootra ligation refers to the use of chemical agents like Kshara to burn and destroy haemorrhoidal tissue, leading to the necrosis and eventual falling out of the pile mass.
6) Disease:
The term disease in this context refers to haemorrhoids, a condition characterized by swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus. It's caused by prolonged straining, constipation, and sedentary lifestyle habits.
7) Haridra:
Haridra (turmeric) is an ingredient used in Ksharasootra preparation for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is applied as a coating on the surgical thread, contributing to the healing process.
8) Snuhi:
Snuhi latex is used for smearing the threads in the preparation of Ksharasootra. It exerts proteolytic action, aiding in the chemical cauterization and necrosis of the hemorrhoidal tissue during the treatment.
9) Heap:
Heap in this context refers to the use of finely powdered ingredients like Shodhita Bhallataka Phalachurna, Haridra churna, and Yavakshara, through which the Ksharasootra thread is passed to evenly coat it with these medicinal substances.
10) Arka:
Arka Ksheera (latex of Calotropis procera) is used in the preparation of Ksharasootra. It aids in the sequential coating of the thread, which contributes to its caustic and therapeutic effects during the treatment of haemorrhoids.
11) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in the context of this study refers to 'Rasakamadhenu,' a classical 17th-century Ayurvedic text that provides guidelines for preparing Ksharasootra, including various ingredients and their proportions.
12) Drug:
Drug refers to the medicinal substances used in the preparation of Ksharasootra. These substances, like Yavakshara, Bhallataka, Haridra, and others, are selected for their therapeutic properties such as chemical cauterization and anti-inflammatory effects.
13) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is the Ayurvedic branch of surgery, within which Ksharasootra ligation is categorized. It's an integral part of the treatment modalities for conditions like third-degree haemorrhoids.
14) Bhallataka:
Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium) is used in the powder form for coating the Ksharasootra. It undergoes a purification process known as 'Bhavita' before being used to ensure its efficacy and safety.
15) Yavakshara (Yava-kshara, Yavaksara):
Yavakshara is an alkaline substance prepared according to Ayurvedic texts. It is one of the critical ingredients used in the preparation of Ksharasootra to provide caustic and cauterizing properties.
16) Science (Scientific):
[see source text or glossary: Scientific]
17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine in India that encompasses a range of treatment modalities, including the use of Ksharasootra for haemorrhoids. It emphasizes a holistic approach to health and disease management.
18) Pariksha (Pariksa):
Pariksha refers to the examination and diagnosis procedures in Ayurveda. In the study, Asthavidha (eight-fold) Pariksha and Dashavidha (ten-fold) Pariksha were used for the comprehensive evaluation of patients before treatment.
19) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
20) Vihara:
Vihara refers to lifestyle practices. Mithyaahara-Vihara, meaning faulty diets and improper lifestyle habits, are significant etiological factors in the development of haemorrhoids according to Ayurveda.
21) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya (surgery) is a key part of Shalya-tantra in Ayurveda, dealing with surgical procedures like Ksharasootra ligation. It involves precise techniques to treat conditions like third-degree haemorrhoids.
22) Indore:
Indore is the city in Madhya Pradesh, India, where the study was conducted. The research was carried out at the Govt. Ashtang Ayurveda College, highlighting the regional contribution to Ayurvedic surgery.
23) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground substances used in the preparation of Ksharasootra. Ingredients like Bhallataka, Haridra, Yavakshara, and others are powdered and applied to the thread to enhance its therapeutic properties.
24) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three bodily humors in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Imbalances in these doshas lead to various diseases, including haemorrhoids. Treatments aim to restore dosha balance.
25) India:
India is the country where Ayurveda originated and where the study on the efficacy of Ksharasootra ligation in third-degree haemorrhoids was conducted, demonstrating traditional medical practices' relevance.
26) Linen:
Linen refers to the surgical barbour linen thread (No. 20) used in Ksharasootra preparation. It is smeared with various medicated substances to form the effective ligature for haemorrhoid treatment.
27) Food:
Food, specifically faulty food habits (Mithyaahara), is highlighted as one of the significant etiological factors in the development of haemorrhoids. Diet plays a crucial role in Ayurvedic disease management and treatment.
28) Operative treatment:
Operative treatment in the study includes the method of Ksharasootra ligation. This Ayurvedic surgical technique is used to ligate hemorrhoidal masses, providing an effective treatment for third-degree haemorrhoids.
29) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the natural chemical compounds sourced from plants used in the Ksharasootra preparation. These include various drugs that provide anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and cauterizing actions.
30) Tuberculosis:
[see source text or glossary: Tuberculosis]
31) Inflammation:
Inflammation is one of the body's responses to the application of Ksharasootra, an essential aspect of its mechanism. The medicated thread causes sterile inflammation, aiding in the necrosis and healing processes of haemorrhoidal tissue.
32) Jyotishmati (Jyotismati, Jyotirmati):
Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus) is one of the medicinal herbs used in preparing the coating mixture for Ksharasootra. It is renowned for its therapeutic properties in traditional Ayurvedic practices.
33) Mamsankura:
Mamsankura refers to the fleshy sprouts or growths in the anorectal region characteristic of Arsha (haemorrhoids). This term emphasizes the physical manifestation of the condition.
34) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
35) Kamadhenu (Kama-dhenu):
Kamadhenu refers to 'Rasakamadhenu,' a 17th-century Ayurvedic text that provides traditional knowledge and methodologies for preparing Ksharasootra used in the treatment of haemorrhoids.
36) Vibhitaka:
[see source text or glossary: Vibhitaka]
37) Ushnodaka (Usnodaka, Ushna-udaka):
Ushnodaka avaghana, or warm water bath, is part of the postoperative care advised for patients undergoing Ksharasootra ligation. It helps in pain relief and maintaining hygiene of the anal region.
38) Koshataki (Kosataki):
[see source text or glossary: Koshataki]
39) Rasamrita (Rasamrta, Rasa-amrita):
Rasamrita is an Ayurvedic text that provides guidelines for the purification and preparation of various ingredients, including Bhallataka, used in the preparation of Ksharasootra for haemorrhoid treatment.
40) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]
41) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance of Dosha in the body, which is a primary cause of haemorrhoids (Arsha) according to Ayurvedic principles. Treatments aim to correct this vitiation to restore health.
42) Haritaki:
[see source text or glossary: Haritaki]
43) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to the purification processes in Ayurveda. For example, Bhallataka is purified according to Rasamrita before being used in Ksharasootra preparation, ensuring safety and efficacy.
44) Sphatika:
Sphatika (alum) is used in the preparation of a warm water bath (Ushnodaka avaghana) advised for postoperative care. It helps in maintaining hygiene and reducing inflammation in the anal region.
45) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
[see source text or glossary: Mandagni]
46) Swelling:
[see source text or glossary: Swelling]
47) Chedana:
Chedana means excision, a process achieved by the mechanical pressure and chemical cauterization of the Ksharasootra in the surgical treatment of haemorrhoids. This dual action results in the removal of the haemorrhoidal mass.
48) Amalaki:
[see source text or glossary: Amalaki]
49) Torture:
[see source text or glossary: Torture]
50) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene is crucial in preventing complications like wound infection post-Ksharasootra ligation. Maintaining proper anal hygiene aids in successful healing and reduces the risk of infection postoperatively.
51) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita (ghee) is used in the preparation and application of Ayurvedic medicinal mixtures, such as those coating the Ksharasootra. It helps in homogenizing and enhancing the therapeutic properties of the ingredients.
52) Lavana:
[see source text or glossary: Lavana]
53) Marma:
[see source text or glossary: Marma]
54) Danti (Dantin, Damti):
[see source text or glossary: Danti]
55) Sadyas (Sadya, Sadyash):
Sadya Pranahara Marma refers to vital spots in the body mentioned by Acharya Sushruta, including the Guda (anal region), which is crucial for correct surgical techniques in procedures like Ksharasootra ligation.
56) Mishra (Misra):
Shri Chudamani Misra is noted in the text for his contribution to the Ayurvedic preparation of Ksharasootra, highlighting its historical significance and practical applications in surgery.
57) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
58) Agni:
'Agni' refers to digestive fire in Ayurveda. Dosha vitiation affecting Agni results in conditions like Mandagni (weak digestive fire), leading to constipation and subsequent haemorrhoids.
59) Guda:
Guda refers to the anal region, which is a critical area (Sadya Pranahara Marma) in Ayurveda. Proper treatment of haemorrhoids in this region is essential for patient well-being and recovery.
60) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products or excretory materials in the body. Prolonged contact of accumulated mala affects the anal region, contributing to the development of haemorrhoids.
61) Shri (Sri, Sr):
[see source text or glossary: Shri]
62) Ali (Alli):
[see source text or glossary: Alli]
63) Diet:
Diet is a significant factor in the development and treatment of haemorrhoids. Faulty food habits (Mithyaahara) lead to conditions like constipation, which exacerbates the symptoms of haemorrhoids.
64) Fire:
[see source text or glossary: Fire]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Efficacy of ksharasootra in treating third-degree hemorrhoids�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Arshachikitsa, Statistical analysis, Prolapse, Clinical criteria, Dosha Vitiation, Efficacy assessment, Postoperative management, Chemical cauterization, Patient satisfaction, Healing time, Mechanical Pressure, Third degree haemorrhoids, Saddle Block, Proctorrhagia.