Literary review on nashtartava samprapti in PCOS context.
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A literary review to understand samprapti of nashtartava with special reference to pcos
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Meemansa
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Prasuti Tantra & Striroga, Shri Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mathura (U.P.), India.
Manish Kumar Saini
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mathura (U.P.), India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A literary review to understand samprapti of nashtartava with special reference to pcos
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i4.612
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is becoming increasingly prevalent among adolescent and reproductive-aged women, largely due to lifestyle changes, including unhealthy dietary habits and increased stress. Characterized by hormonal imbalances, PCOS manifests through symptoms like amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, and reproductive issues. In the context of Ayurvedic literature, no direct correlation to PCOS exists; however, symptomatic evidence permits associations with conditions like Nashtartava and Artavakshaya. These conditions exhibit similar menstrual irregularities, illustrating a potential connection between the two.
Understanding Nashtartava and PCOS
Nashtartava can be described as a condition where menstruation is absent or significantly delayed due to vitiated doshas—s±è±ð³¦¾±´Ú¾±³¦²¹±ô±ô²â Vata and Kapha. In Ayurveda, the pathological process of Nashtartava involves various doshas and dhatus leading to an obstruction in the Artava-vaha srotas. This condition relates closely to the symptoms of PCOS, where cyst formation in the ovaries and hormonal imbalance result in amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. The interplay of doshas like Vata and Kapha disrupts normal bodily functions, further complicating the reproductive health of affected individuals.
The Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
Dietary and lifestyle factors play a significant role in the development of PCOS and its Ayurvedic counterpart, Nashtartava. Poor dietary choices and sedentary behavior lead to the aggravation of Kapha and Vata doshas, which in turn impair metabolic processes. This derangement contributes to the formation of ama, a toxic substance that exacerbates the obstruction of srotas, resulting in symptoms like absent menstruation. Ayurvedic principles emphasize the importance of recognizing these causative factors to effectively address the root of these health issues. By modifying lifestyle and dietary choices, one can potentially reverse the pathological changes associated with both PCOS and Nashtartava.
Conclusion
While PCOS is not explicitly described in Ayurvedic texts, its alignment with conditions like Nashtartava and Artavakshaya suggests a deeper understanding of the disorder can be reached through Ayurvedic principles. Management strategies from Ayurveda, such as Nidana Parivarjana (avoiding causative factors) and therapeutic interventions like Basti, can effectively address the underlying dosha imbalances and promote healthy menstruation. Continued research into the Ayurvedic perspectives of PCOS can provide valuable insights into better therapeutic approaches, emphasizing the need to harmonize bodily functions using holistic methods.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the relationship between PCOS and Nashtartava in Ayurveda?
PCOS is not directly described in Ayurveda but can be correlated with Nashtartava and Artavakshaya. Both conditions share symptoms like menstrual abnormalities, and their management may involve similar Ayurvedic treatments.
What are the main symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
PCOS symptoms include amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, acne, and reproductive disorders. These conditions arise due to hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation and androgen levels in the body.
What treatments are recommended for managing Nashtartava and PCOS?
Ayurvedic treatments for Nashtartava and PCOS include Nidana Parivarjana (avoiding causative factors), Sanshodhana (detoxification), and the use of Agneya Dravya (substances that enhance digestive fire) to restore balance in the body and promote menstrual regularity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Literary review on nashtartava samprapti in PCOS context.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Artava:
Artava refers to menstrual blood and is considered the manifestation of Rasa dhatu in females. It flows in the form of blood monthly and is crucial in understanding menstrual health.
2) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas are the channels within the body that transport various substances. For instance, Artavavaha Srotas carry Artava (menstrual blood), and any obstruction in these channels can lead to conditions like Nashtartava.
3) Vayu:
Vayu represents the elements of air and movement in the body. It is responsible for various functions such as circulation and excretion. Specific types like Apana Vayu are crucial in reproductive health.
4) Apana:
Apana refers to a subtype of Vayu responsible for the downward movement and expulsion processes, including menstruation, defecation, and childbirth. It plays a key role in the proper expulsion of Artava.
5) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas responsible for stability and lubrication in the body. An imbalance can lead to various health issues, such as the obstruction of Srotas, vital in the pathogenesis of Nashtartava and PCOS.
6) Vata:
Vata is a Dosha governing movement, including the transport of nutrients and waste products. It is closely linked with Apana Vayu, which aids in the proper functioning of the reproductive system.
7) Apanavayu (Apana-vayu):
[see source text or glossary: Apanavayu]
8) Nidana:
Nidana refers to causative factors of disease. In the context of Nashtartava, factors like lifestyle, diet, and psychological stress are critical contributors, causing aggravation of Doshas and subsequent pathogenesis.
9) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa is the first of the seven Dhatus (tissues), analogous to plasma. It is responsible for nourishing the body and its Upadhatu, which includes Artava (menstrual fluid). Any disturbance in Rasa can lead to menstrual issues.
10) Agneya:
Agneya refers to substances or properties related to fire, which are used to increase Pitta and stimulate digestion (Agni). In treating Nashtartava, Agneya Dravya helps in clearing obstructions and restoring proper menstrual flow.
11) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to tissues in the body, including Rasa Dhatu, from which Artava (menstrual fluid) is derived. Proper functioning and nourishment of Dhatus are essential for overall health and reproductive functions.
12) Blood:
Blood (Rakta) is one of the key elements linked with Rasa Dhatu and Artava. Adequate blood production and flow are essential for normal menstrual cycles and overall reproductive health.
13) Pitta:
Pitta is a Dosha associated with metabolic processes and is pivotal in converting nutrients to energy. Agneya Dravya is used to maintain Pitta balance, thus ensuring proper menstruation and avoiding conditions like Nashtartava.
14) Dravya:
Dravya refers to medicinal substances used in Ayurveda. In the treatment of Nashtartava, Agneya Dravya, which are heating substances, are crucial to balance Doshas and stimulate the Agni (digestive fire).
15) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha represents the three fundamental bodily humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Their balance is crucial for health, and their imbalance can lead to diseases like Nashtartava, identified in the context of PCOS.
16) Samprapti:
Samprapti describes the pathogenesis or progression of disease. Understanding Samprapti helps in identifying the stages of disease development and finding appropriate treatment modalities in Ayurveda.
17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India, emphasizing balance in bodily energies (Doshas) through natural and holistic approaches, including diet, lifestyle, and herbal treatments.
18) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to actions or treatments in Ayurveda aimed at correcting imbalances. Procedures like Vamana and Virechana are part of Sanshodhana Karma for treating conditions like Nashtartava.
19) Vyana:
Vyana Vayu is a subtype of Vata responsible for distributing nutrients and energy throughout the body. Its proper function is essential for circulating Rasa, which impacts menstrual health.
20) Basti:
Basti is a pivotal Ayurvedic treatment involving enema therapy, used to balance Vayu, particularly Apana Vayu. This therapy helps in treating diseases like Nashtartava by addressing underlying Vata imbalances.
21) Vyanavayu (Vyana-vayu):
Vyana-vayu facilitates the distribution of Rasa and Rakta in the body, supporting blood circulation to the reproductive system. Impairment can lead to menstrual irregularities.
22) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasa Dhatu is the primary nourishing fluid in the body, akin to plasma. It nourishes all other tissues, and its proper formation is critical for the production of Artava or menstrual blood.
23) Avarana:
Avarana refers to obstruction of bodily channels. In conditions like Nashtartava, Avarana by Kapha and Vata leads to blocked Artavavaha Srotas, hindering proper menstrual flow.
24) Disease:
Disease in Ayurveda, such as Nashtartava, results from the imbalance of Doshas and the obstruction of Srotas. Understanding causative factors and pathogenesis (Samprapti) is key to effective treatment.
25) Pushpa (Puspa):
Pushpa is another term for menstrual blood (Artava) used in Ayurvedic texts. Proper production and elimination of Pushpa are crucial for reproductive health.
26) Agni:
Agni represents the digestive and metabolic fires within the body. Balanced Agni is essential for the proper transformation of nutrients into Dhatus, including Rasa and Artava, preventing conditions like Nashtartava.
27) Vaha:
Vaha means 'carrying' in Sanskrit. In the term Artavavaha Srotas, it refers to channels carrying Artava. Proper functioning of these channels is crucial for reproductive health.
28) Menstrual blood:
Menstrual blood, or Artava, is the manifestation of well-nourished Rasa Dhatu in females. Its regular and unobstructed flow is essential for reproductive health.
29) Prakopa:
Prakopa refers to the aggravation or imbalance of Doshas. In the context of Nashtartava, Kapha and Vata Prakopa can lead to the obstruction of Srotas, resulting in menstrual issues.
30) Mathura (Mathur):
Mathura is the location where the authors of the paper are affiliated, specifically at the Shri Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre.
31) Rakta:
Rakta, meaning blood, plays a dual role along with Rasa Dhatu in nourishing tissues and forming Artava. It is vital for healthy menstrual cycles.
32) Ahara:
Ahara refers to diet, which is a critical factor in dosha balance and overall health. Improper Ahara can lead to Agnimandya (digestive fire imbalance) and conditions like Nashtartava.
33) Sanga (Samga, Shanga, Shamga):
Sanga refers to obstruction within bodily channels, which in the context of Nashtartava, is often caused by vitiated Kapha, leading to menstrual irregularities.
34) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is an honorific used before names and institutions, indicating respect. For instance, Shri Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College is the affiliated institution.
35) Rasavahasrotas (Rasavaha-srotas):
Rasavaha-srotas are the channels in the body that carry Rasa Dhatu (plasma/nutrients). Their proper function is essential for the formation of Artava and reproductive health.
36) Apanavata (Apana-vata):
Apana-vata pertains to the downward-moving aspect of Vata Dosha, responsible for excretory functions, including menstruation. Imbalance can lead to reproductive disorders.
37) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya refers to a state of diminished digestive fire, which leads to the formation of Ama (toxic substances) and obstructs Srotas, contributing to conditions like Nashtartava.
38) Anulomana:
Anulomana refers to the therapeutic measures taken to restore the normal downward flow of bodily substances, especially in balancing Vata and treating conditions like Nashtartava.
39) Substance:
Substance, in the context of Ayurveda, refers to Dravya, which are medicinal herbs and materials used in treatments. Agneya Dravya are heating substances employed for Vata and Kapha imbalances.
40) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or aggravation of Doshas. Conditions like Nashtartava are caused by the vitiation of Kapha and Vata.
41) Upadhatu:
Upadhatu refers to secondary tissues derived from the primary Dhatus. Artava (menstrual blood) is an Upadhatu of Rasa Dhatu, disturbed by the Srotodushti (channel obstruction).
42) Striroga (Stri-roga):
Striroga refers to diseases affecting women. The study of Nashtartava falls under Striroga, focusing on menstrual irregularities and reproductive health.
43) Granthi (Gramthi):
Granthi refers to cysts or nodules. In the context of PCOS, 'Beeja-Granthi' translates to ovarian cysts, implicating their role in menstrual irregularities.
44) Prasuti:
Prasuti refers to obstetrics or childbirth. In Ayurvedic practice, it's often studied along with Striroga, the study of women's diseases, to understand conditions like Nashtartava comprehensively.
45) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in Ayurvedic context refers to a branch of medicine. Prasuti Tantra deals with obstetrics and gynecology, crucial for understanding and treating diseases like Nashtartava.
46) Sevana:
Sevana means consumption or indulgence. Nidana Sevana refers to the consumption of etiological factors causing diseases like Nashtartava.
47) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease. In Ayurveda, knowing the Vyadhi like Nashtartava allows for appropriate Samprapti (pathogenesis) and Chikitsa (treatment).
48) Nasa (Nasha):
Nasha refers to the destruction or loss. Artava Nasha indicates the cessation or loss of menstrual flow due to various etiological factors and doshic imbalances.
49) India:
India is the country where the study is based, specifically at Shri Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College in Mathura, reflecting the Indian origins and practices of Ayurveda.
50) Kumar:
Kumar is one of the author's last names, Manish Kumar Saini, who contributed to the study.
51) Guru:
Guru indicates 'heavy,' a quality that can vitiate Kapha and lead to conditions like Nashtartava by causing obstruction in Srotas.
52) Yoni (Yonin):
Yoni refers to the female reproductive system. Disorders of Yoni, like Nashtartava, involve imbalance of Doshas and obstruction of Srotas affecting menstrual health.
53) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to fat tissue, which can cause obstruction in bodily channels (Srotas) when vitiated, leading to conditions like Nashtartava.
54) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Butter milk is recommended in Ayurveda for various treatments, including the management of metabolic disorders that contribute to conditions like Nashtartava.
55) Cow urine (Cow's urine):
Cow urine is used in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. It can help in detoxifying the body and restoring the balance of Doshas in conditions like Nashtartava.
56) Kashyapasamhita (Kasyapasamhita, Kashyapa-samhita):
Kashyapa Samhita is an ancient Ayurvedic text that discusses gynecological disorders. Conditions like Pushpaghni Jatharini, related to PCOS, are mentioned here.
57) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasa Shastra is a branch of Ayurveda dealing with alchemy and herbal formulations. It plays a role in preparing medicine for conditions like Nashtartava.
58) Dhatukshaya (Dhatuksaya, Dhatu-kshaya):
Dhatu-kshaya refers to the depletion of bodily tissues. In the pathogenesis of Nashtartava, depletion of Rasa Dhatu affects the formation of its Upadhatu, Artava.
59) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
Niruha-basti is a type of medicinal enema used in Ayurveda, particularly effective in balancing Vata Dosha and treating reproductive disorders like Nashtartava.
60) Purification:
[see source text or glossary: Purification]
61) Garbhashaya (Garbhasaya, Garbha-ashaya):
[see source text or glossary: Garbhashaya]
62) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Kapha-dosha]
63) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
[see source text or glossary: Meda-dhatu]
64) Adhishthana (Adhisthana):
[see source text or glossary: Adhisthana]
65) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
[see source text or glossary: Bhaishajya]
66) Pravartana:
[see source text or glossary: Pravartana]
67) Vikshepana (Viksepana):
[see source text or glossary: Vikshepana]
68) Pakvashaya (Pakvasaya, Pakva-ashaya):
[see source text or glossary: Pakvashaya]
69) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
70) Depression:
[see source text or glossary: Depression]
71) Samtarpana (Santarpana):
[see source text or glossary: Santarpana]
72) Pravritti (Pravrtti):
[see source text or glossary: Pravritti]
73) Atimatra:
[see source text or glossary: Atimatra]
74) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Vatadosha]
75) Samvahana:
[see source text or glossary: Samvahana]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 133]
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