Spiritual Senses: Medieval Significance and Cultural Philology
Journal name: Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions
Original article title: Sensus Spiritualis: Studies in Medieval Significs and the Philology of Culture
The journal “Archives of Social Sciences of Religions� publishes advanced research on religion in French, English, and Spanish. It studies the sociology of religions and religious traditions or theologies. It is supported by the INSHS-CNRS (“Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales�)
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: Edit. & epilogue by Samuel P. Jaffe ; trad. Kenneth J. Northcott. Chicago � London, University of Chicago Press, 2005. xviii + 403 p.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Pedro Teixeira da Mota
Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions:
(Founded in 1956 and published quarterly�)
Full text available for: Sensus Spiritualis: Studies in Medieval Significs and the Philology of Culture
Year: 2007 | Doi: 10.4000/assr.6872
Copyright (license): © Archives de sciences sociales des religions
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
"Sensus Spiritualis: Studies in Medieval Significs and the Philology of Culture," edited and with an epilogue by Samuel P. Jaffe, is a compilation of works by philologist Friederich Ohly that delve into the intricate network of meanings within medieval texts. Ohly, who faced immense personal challenges including imprisonment during World War II, dedicated his life to exploring the rich spiritual and cultural significances embedded in literature and art, particularly during the Middle Ages. The essays included in this collection serve as exemplary showcases of his methodology, bridging philology with theology, art, and the historical context of the medieval period.
The Spiritual Meaning of Words
One of the central themes explored by Ohly is the concept of "sensus spiritualis," or the spiritual meaning of words in Medieval times. In his inaugural lecture at the University of Kiel in 1958, he examines how language is not merely a vehicle for communication; instead, words carry rich, layered meanings that extend beyond their literal interpretations. Ohly illustrates this through biblical texts and writings from Church Fathers, highlighting a tripartite division of meanings: the literal, the moral (tropological), and the anagogical. He emphasizes that understanding these spiritual meanings requires a comprehensive hermeneutic approach that encompasses linguistic, ethical, and theological insights.
The Importance of Typology
Another key concept discussed is typology, which serves as an exegetical tool for interpreting biblical texts. Ohly's exploration of typology examines how certain figures or events in the Bible foreshadow future occurrences, effectively becoming metaphors for understanding spiritual truths. He refers to historical continuity within scripture and shows how typological thinking persists through various intellectual movements, even arguing that the Enlightenment may have lessened its impact compared to medieval thought. By illuminating these relationships, Ohly underscores the enduring relevance of allegorical methods and typological interpretation in literary studies.
The Role of Memory
Ohly further examines the role of memory in shaping historical and cultural consciousness. He posits that history operates as a "memoriae traditum," linking past experiences with future projections. In the Christian context, memory holds a significant place, particularly within liturgical practices that emphasize remembrance of the deceased and prayers for salvation. This intricate relationship between memory, community, and art is highlighted through examples from medieval literature and religious practices, demonstrating how memory functions as a vital thread connecting the human experience across time.
Conclusion
In summary, "Sensus Spiritualis" provides a profound insight into Friederich Ohly’s exploration of medieval significances through philological studies. His work emphasizes the deep connections between language, spiritual meaning, memory, and cultural interpretation. Ohly’s holistic approach encourages a deeper engagement with texts, revealing the layered intricacies of meaning that shaped medieval thought and continue to resonate in contemporary cultural discourse. The epilogue, a tribute to Ohly, acknowledges his contributions and commitment to revitalizing historical insights for future generations, reaffirming the enduring significance of philology in understanding the human experience.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
Who edited the book 'Sensus Spiritualis' and who translated it?
The book 'Sensus Spiritualis: Studies in Medieval Significs and the Philology of Culture' was edited and had an epilogue by Samuel P. Jaffe, with the translation done by Kenneth J. Northcott.
What main themes does Friederich Ohly explore in his work?
Friederich Ohly explores themes like the significance of language, spiritual meanings in texts, and the connections between philology, theology, and art during the medieval period, emphasizing deeper meanings and interpretations.
How is the concept of spiritual meaning presented by Ohly?
Ohly presents spiritual meaning through various dimensions, including literal, allegorical, tropological, and anagogical senses, using biblical texts and interpretations from church fathers to illustrate these significations.
What is the importance of allegory in Ohly's studies?
Allegory is significant in Ohly's studies as it offers a framework for understanding the unity and complexity of medieval thought, allowing a deeper insight into the interconnectedness of religious, literary, and artistic expressions.
What role does memory play in medieval literature according to Ohly?
Memory is paramount in medieval literature, serving as a connection between past experiences and future projections, fostering community bonds and aiding in the quest for salvation through remembrance and intercession.
What does the epilogue of the book discuss about Friederich Ohly?
The epilogue recounts Ohly's biography, highlighting his qualities such as modesty and sensitivity, and emphasizes his impact as a scholar who connected historical philology with aesthetic understanding and cultural memory.
Glossary definitions and references:
Theological and religious glossary list for “Spiritual Senses: Medieval Significance and Cultural Philology�. The list explains important keywords that occur in this and other scholarly articles. It is also linked to the glossary for understanding that concept in the context of History, Religion, Philosophy, Theology, Sociology etc.
1) Memory:
Memory is crucial in historical and cultural contexts, serving as a bridge between past experiences and future aspirations. It embodies the preservation of knowledge and identities through intercessory prayers and shared narratives from literature and theology, acting as a means to transcend oblivion and achieve immortality through the remembrance and celebration of lives, both human and divine.
2) Spiritual:
The spiritual realm encompasses ideas and beliefs regarding existence, meaning, and the divine, influencing works of art, literature, and theology. Thoughtful reflections on spiritual meanings are fundamental to understanding the universe and the complexities of life through allegories and metaphors that bridge the sacred and profane.
3) Pearl:
A pearl symbolizes beauty, inspiration, and the transformative process of creation, often serving as a metaphor for artistic inspiration and divine love. Its formation is linked with profound experiences and allegorical interpretations found in literature, particularly in relationships highlighting grace and suffering, reflecting the essence of artistic expression throughout history.
4) Salvation:
Salvation represents the ultimate goal in religious contexts, often depicted through artistic expressions that narrate the history of salvation and the hope of eternal life. It is intertwined with the themes of memory, liturgy, and the collective aspiration for divine grace and forgiveness, underscoring the importance of faith in overcoming mortality.
5) Nature:
Nature is viewed not only in its physical form but also in its spiritual dimensions, reflecting the beliefs of the medieval worldview that emphasized the interconnectedness of creation and the divine. Artistic representations often capture the metaphysical significance of nature, inviting contemplation of the divine order and universal truths.
6) Love:
Love serves as a driving force in both human relationships and artistic endeavors, epitomizing the yearning for connection and transcendence. Its portrayal in literature and art evokes deep emotional responses, revealing the complexities of human experience and the spiritual implications of divine love.
7) Image:
The image plays a pivotal role in conveying meaning through visual arts and texts, serving as a means to express spiritual realities and evoke emotional states. It encapsulates the essence of human experiences and cultural narratives, distilling profound meanings into imaginative representations.
8) Space:
Space can be understood both physically and metaphorically, showcasing the dimensions of creation and existence. In art and architecture, such as cathedrals, it becomes a canvas for narrating the history of salvation, blending sacred geometry with profound allegories that invite spiritual contemplation.
9) Experience:
Experience encompasses both lived moments and intellectual engagement, shaping understanding in theological and artistic contexts. It underlines the importance of reflection on personal and collective memories that inform one's relationship with the divine and humanity, fostering a deeper connection to existence.
10) Future:
The future embodies hope and the potential for realization that is informed by memory and tradition. In theology and philosophy, it represents the aspirational aspects of existence, where the lessons of the past guide individuals toward meaningful and spiritual futures.
11) Dimension:
Dimension refers to the multiple layers of meaning that can be extracted from texts, art, and spiritual experiences. From the literal to the allegorical and beyond, dimensions enrich understanding and uncover the complexities of existence, integrating philosophy, theology, and culture.
12) Painting:
Painting serves as an artistic medium through which complex ideas, emotions, and spiritual truths are expressed. As exemplified in medieval art, it acts as a narrative device, illustrating themes of salvation and the divine, while evoking deeper contemplative experiences for viewers.
13) Language:
Language is the primary medium for conveying meanings and ideas, whether in religious texts, poetry, or philosophical discourse. It shapes the understanding of spiritual concepts and their implications, establishing connections across cultures and historical contexts.
14) Theology:
Theology investigates the nature of the divine, existence, and faith, providing frameworks for understanding life’s ultimate questions. It intertwines with literature and memory, serving as a guide to navigate the spiritual dimensions of human experience and the quest for truth.
15) Universe:
The universe encompasses all existence, viewed through the lenses of spirituality, science, and art. Understanding the universe is central to human inquiry, reflecting the search for meaning, salvation, and the interconnectivity between the earthly and the divine.
16) Prayer:
Prayer is a vital practice in religious contexts, serving as a means of communication with the divine. It encapsulates hope, memory, and the yearning for spiritual connection, emphasizing the shared experiences of individuals and communities seeking grace and understanding.
17) Earth:
Earth represents the material realm of existence, often contrasted with the spiritual dimensions of life. It serves as the ground for human experience, aspirations, and artistic expressions, linking the earthly to the transcendent in both theology and culture.
18) Human:
Human existence embodies the intersection of material and spiritual life, encompassing memory, love, and the search for meaning. Artistic and theological explorations illuminate the deep connections between humanity, divine experience, and the quest for salvation and understanding.
19) Book:
The book symbolizes knowledge, tradition, and the preservation of memory in literary and theological contexts. It acts as a vessel for wisdom, allowing generations to engage with spiritual teachings, cultural narratives, and the shared human experience.
20) Hope:
Hope serves as a beacon for the future, inspiring individuals to seek growth, salvation, and connection with the divine. It is intricately linked with memory and ambition, often reflected in literature and art that chronicles the human journey.
21) Lexicography:
Lexicography focuses on the study and compilation of words and their meanings, essential in understanding the spiritual dimensions of language. It plays a critical role in interpreting theological texts and cultural narratives, illuminating the relationships between signs and their significations.
22) Realization (Realisation):
Realization represents the culmination of understanding and expression, often achieved through creativity and philosophical inquiry. In the context of art and spirituality, it reflects the journey toward comprehension of deeper truths and the embodiment of aspirations.
23) Literature:
Literature serves as a reflection of human experience, capturing the complexities of existence, memory, and spirituality. Through storytelling and poetic expression, literature navigates themes of love, salvation, and the search for truth across different historical contexts.
24) Existence:
Existence encompasses the totality of being—human, divine, and natural—integrating aspects of the material and spiritual worlds. It invites contemplation on the profound questions of life, death, and the purpose pursued through theology and art.
25) Creation:
Creation is viewed as a divine act, embodying the relationship between heaven and earth, and serving as a foundation for understanding existence and spiritual truths. Artistic expressions resonate with this theme, exploring the interconnectedness of all beings and the essence of life.
26) Grammar:
Grammar pertains to the structure of language and is essential in interpreting texts and narratives, particularly in theological and philosophical inquiries. It provides the framework for understanding the nuances of meaning within the interplay of words and spiritual concepts.
27) Student:
The student symbolizes the seeker of knowledge and truth, embodying the aspiration to learn from the past and engage with spiritual teachings. This relationship highlights the importance of mentorship and the transmission of cultural and literary wisdom across generations.
28) Heaven:
Heaven represents the ultimate state of existence and spiritual fulfillment, often depicted in literature and theology as a realm of divine presence. It embodies the aspirations of humanity for eternal life and communion with the divine, reflecting profound themes of hope and salvation.
29) Shadow:
Shadow signifies the complex interplay between light and darkness, both literally and metaphorically, in spiritual and literary contexts. It often represents the hidden or unacknowledged aspects of existence, inviting deeper exploration of meaning and consciousness.
30) Death:
Death signifies the end of physical existence and the transition to whatever lies beyond, a theme that pervades literature and theology. It evokes contemplation of mortality, memory, and the hope of salvation, shaping the human experience and artistic expressions.
31) Birth:
Birth signifies the beginning of life and new possibilities, a pivotal moment that intertwines with themes of hope and existence. In spiritual and literary narratives, it reflects the continual cycle of life, death, and the search for meaning and connection with the divine.
32) Heart:
The heart symbolizes emotion, love, and the center of human experience. In both spiritual and artistic contexts, it serves as the focal point for understanding personal and collective journeys, resonating with themes of rememberance and connection.
33) Depth:
Depth refers to the profound layers of meaning and understanding that can be derived from experiences, texts, and the spiritual aspects of existence. It invites exploration of the unseen and often emphasizes the importance of contemplation and insight.
34) Light:
Light symbolizes knowledge, divine presence, and guidance in spiritual and artistic narratives. It contrasts with darkness and shadows, illuminating the path toward understanding and realization of deeper truths within the human experience.
35) Logic (Logical):
Logic pertains to rational thought and reasoning, essential for understanding texts and narratives. In theology and philosophy, it complements poetic and emotional dimensions, enriching the discourse on existence and spiritual truths.
36) Heaven and earth:
Heaven and earth signify the duality of existence, integrating the spiritual and physical realms. This concept encapsulates the complete human experience, inviting contemplation of relationships between the divine and material worlds.
37) Enlightenment:
Enlightenment refers to intellectual and spiritual awakening, emphasizing the importance of reason and knowledge. It represents a shift from medieval thought frameworks, impacting perceptions of existence, creation, and the divine throughout history.
38) Recollection:
Recollection pertains to the act of remembering and reflecting on past experiences, fundamental for personal and collective identity. It emphasizes the importance of memory in spiritual practices and artistic expressions, vital for understanding continuity in existence.
39) Celebration:
Celebration signifies the recognition of significant events, spiritual milestones, and communal gatherings. In religious contexts, it embodies the hope for salvation, remembrance of souls, and the collective experience of human life intertwined with the divine.
40) Immortality:
Immortality embodies the aspiration for eternal existence and remembrance beyond physical death. Themes of immortality resonate through literature and religious teachings, reflecting humanity’s yearning for a legacy and connection with the divine.
41) Mathematics (Mathematical):
Mathematic emphasizes the orderly, abstract reasoning found in mathematics, impacting philosophical and theological understandings of existence through concepts of logic and structure. It reveals the divine patterns underlying all creation.
42) Communication (Communicating, Communicate, Communicated):
To communicate is to convey ideas and emotions, bridging gaps between individual experiences and collective understanding. In spiritual and artistic contexts, communication serves as a means of expressing profound truths and connecting people across time and space.
43) Recognition:
Recognition involves acknowledging truths, experiences, and wisdom from past narratives. It plays a vital role in understanding cultural identity and validating shared experiences that reflect the universal human condition.
44) Linguistics:
Linguistics studies the structure, meaning, and context of language, integral for interpreting spiritual and philosophical concepts. Understanding linguistics enhances the appreciation of texts and speech within cultural and religious frameworks.
45) Meditation:
Meditation is a reflective practice focused on fostering deeper awareness and connection with the divine. It emphasizes the importance of stillness and contemplation in exploring the spiritual dimensions of existence and memory.
46) Discipline:
Discipline refers to the structured practices and methods that guide learning and understanding within theological, philosophical, and artistic traditions. It fosters deeper inquiry into the complexities of existence and spiritual realities.
47) Separation (Separateness, Separate, Separated):
Separation highlights the distinction between realms, such as the sacred and the profane, reflecting on themes of existence and identity. It invites inquiry into the boundaries and connections between different aspects of life and spirituality.
48) Storehouse:
Storehouse signifies a repository of memories, knowledge, and cultural heritage. It serves as a metaphor for the collective experience of humanity, preserving the legacies of time through literature, art, and theological teachings.
49) Science (Scientific):
Scientific inquiry represents a rational and empirical approach to understanding the universe and existence. It parallels spiritual explorations, heightening awareness of the complexities and interconnections within creation and the experience of life.
50) Happiness:
Happiness signifies a state of fulfillment and joy, often intertwined with spiritual experiences and human connections. It emphasizes the aspirations for love, understanding, and the pursuit of meaning within the shared journey of life.
51) Knowledge:
Knowledge emphasizes the accumulation and understanding of information and wisdom, vital for philosophical, theological, and artistic explorations. It fosters connections between individuals and communities seeking deeper truths and the meaning of existence.
52) Doctrine:
Doctrine encompasses the beliefs and teachings within religious contexts, providing frameworks for understanding existence, morality, and spirituality. It plays a crucial role in shaping communal identity and guiding personal aspirations toward truth and salvation.
53) Religion:
Religion represents organized systems of beliefs that guide individuals and communities toward understanding existence and morality. It intertwines spiritual practices with cultural expressions, reflecting humanity's quest for meaning and connection with the divine.
54) Impurity:
Impurity can symbolize the inherent struggles and imperfections in the human condition. It invites exploration of themes of suffering and transformation, reflecting the complexities of existence and the pathway to grace and purity.
55) Rhetoric (Rhetorical):
Rhetoric pertains to the art of persuasive communication, emphasizing the importance of effective language in conveying ideas. It plays a significant role in theological and literary discourse, shaping how spiritual truths and narratives are articulated.
56) Trinity:
The Trinity symbolizes the Christian understanding of the divine nature, representing the interconnectedness of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It serves as a foundational doctrine influencing theological discourse, artistic representations, and liturgical practices.
57) Illness:
Illness can symbolize both physical and spiritual challenges that prompt inquiries into existence, suffering, and healing. It invites reflection on the cyclical nature of life and the aspirations for wholeness and grace.
58) Hundred:
Hundred is often used symbolically to represent completeness or a large number, reflecting themes of totality and abundance in literary and theological contexts. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and multiplicity of experiences within existence.
59) Passion:
Passion signifies intense emotions and convictions, often driving human experience and artistic expression. It embodies the fervor for love, truth, and spiritual pursuits, enriching the narratives of both literature and theology.
60) Devotion (Devoted):
Devoted signifies a deep commitment or attachment to a cause, belief, or individual. In literature and spirituality, it highlights the profound connections and aspirations that define human existence and the quest for truth.
61) Lexicon:
Lexicon refers to a collection of words and their meanings, essential for understanding language and its nuances within cultural and spiritual contexts. It emphasizes the importance of precise vocabulary in conveying spiritual truths and narratives.
62) Leaf (Leaves):
Leaves can symbolize growth, renewal, and the passage of time, often reflecting the natural cycles of existence. In spiritual and artistic contexts, they evoke themes of life, memory, and transformation, accentuating the beauty of creation.
63) Wisdom:
Wisdom signifies the deep understanding and insight that guide moral and spiritual decisions. It embodies the culmination of knowledge and experience, shaping the journey toward truth and realization within the human experience.
64) Window:
Window can symbolize a viewpoint or perspective through which one sees the world and the divine. In artistic and literary contexts, it invites contemplation of reality and the spiritual dimensions that shape human existence.
65) Indian:
Indian references often highlight cultural and philosophical perspectives that inform the understanding of existence and spirituality. It enriches the discourse on human experiences by incorporating diverse traditions and narratives from across the world.
66) Prison:
Prison symbolizes confinement and restriction, often reflecting the struggles of the human spirit in pursuit of freedom and inspiration. It invites deeper reflections on the transformative power of creativity and the quest for liberation in artistic expressions.
67) Desire:
Desire embodies the longing for connection, truth, and fulfillment, serving as a driving force in human relationships and artistic endeavors. It highlights the emotional depth that characterizes distinct experiences in literature and spirituality.
68) Poetry (Poetic, Poetical):
Poetry serves as a powerful language of expression, capturing the nuances of human emotions, experiences, and spiritual insights. Its lyrical quality invites readers to navigate the depths of love, truth, and memory through creative storytelling.
69) Avatara (Avatar):
Avatar signifies embodying divine qualities or concepts in a tangible form, often inviting reflections on the nature of existence and spiritual understanding. It serves to bridge the sacred with the worldly, enhancing the complexity of human experience.
70) Hatred:
Hatred represents the antithesis of love and connection, highlighting the struggles faced in human relationships. In literature and theology, it depicts the darker aspects of existence that challenge the pursuit of peace and understanding.
71) Sardi (Shardi):
Sardi can refer to cultural or historical elements, highlighting the significance of place and identity in narratives of existence. They can invoke discussions surrounding memory, community, and the shared human experience throughout history.
72) Lover:
Lover embodies the emotional and spiritual connections that define human relationships, often depicted in art and literature. They symbolize the quest for intimacy, understanding, and the profound experiences of love that resonate through existence.
73) Power:
Power signifies the influence and authority attributed within spiritual and societal contexts. It can drive narratives around morality, justice, and the human condition, invoking critical reflections on existence and aspiration.
74) Colour (Color):
Color symbolizes diverse meanings and emotions, often enriching artistic and literary expressions. It evokes beauty, depth, and spiritual dimensions, inviting contemplation on the interconnectedness of existence and the human experience.
75) Black:
Black often symbolizes the unknown, mystery, and the complexities of existence, providing a counterpoint to themes of light and revelation. In literature and art, it represents the struggles and depth of the human condition.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 92]