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[Full title: Section VI: Friendship with Sugriva; (C) Slaying of sham Sugriva]

According to the Paumacariya, Sugriva takes Rama and Laksmana to Kiskindhipura from Patalankarapura. A battle ensues between both the Sugrivas. Initially the real Sugriva is overpowered by the hit of a mace of the sham Sugriva. He is consoled by Rama pleading that he could not distinguish between the two. In the second fight the impostor is brought forth to Rama's sight. As soon as Rama is seen by the impostor, the Vetali (Veyali Mahavijja 47.43) leaves the impostor and he appears in his real form as Sahasagati. Rama slays him with his arrows. Thus Sugriva recovers his wife Tara. Rama and Laksmana stay there in a garden. Thirteen daughters of Sugriva offer themselves to serve Rama (47.52). According to the Valmiki Ramayana, Sugriva for his own confidence takes two tests of Rama to ascertain the latter's fitness in killing the mighty Vali. Rama is successful in both the tests viz. kicking off the heavy carcass of Dundubhi and piercing of seven trees of Tala by an arrow at a single stretch (4. 11. 84, 12. 3). No test is mentioned in the Paumacariya 1 in this connection. Then the account of the Valmiki Ramayana² is similar to that of the Paumacariya The Valmiki Ramayana mentions a duel and not a battle. At the time of the second duel Sugriva puts round his neck a flower garland (gajapuspimala 4. 12. 30) for being distinguished from Vali. Before the ensuing of the second duel, Vali is intervened by his wife, Tara. She requests him to make friends with Sugriva because Rama and Laksmana are assisting Sugriva. Vali declines the same because he considers it quite contemptible and degrading that Rama and Laksmana should ever perform such a sinful act (dharmajnasca krtajnasca katham papan karisyati 4. 15. 5). Rama shots Vali with his arrow, concealing himself behind some trees (4. 16. 35). Vali derides Rama for his cowardice. The latter explains that his act is righteous. Vali hands over his divine garland to Sugriva and dies. Then follows the mourning by Tara, the coronation of Sugriva, the conferring of the status of Yuvarajatva to Angada, the son 1. See Section 7B. 2. Here they are not distinguished on account of their similarity in stature, body, dress and movements-'alankarena vesena pramanena gatena' and 'rupasadsya' (4. 12. 30, 32).

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE RAMA-STORY 77 of Vali (in the Paumacariya the name of the son of Vali is Candrarasmi while Angada and Jayananda are the sons of Sugriva 47. 23; 10.10). Sugriva recovers his wife Ruma (4. 26.42), makes Tara also as his wife (4. 29. 4; 4. 35. 4) and succeed the throne of Kiskindhipura. The Valmiki Ramayana does not refer to any daughter of Sugriva. Rama and Laksmana stay in a cave of the Prasravanagiri (4. 27. 1-4), a range of the Malyavat mountain (4. 28. 1). : The Ramcharitmanas is in agreement with the Valmiki Ramayana It additionally mentions that Sugriva develops the feeling of 'Vairagya' (biraga) and so he does not like to fight with Vali. Rama advises him to do so saying that his words always become true (4. 7). Here Tara prevents Vali at the time of the first duel and Vali considers it auspicious to be killed by Rama (jaun kadaci mohi marahim tau marahim tau puni houm sanatha 4. 7). Vali eulogises Rama as Bhagavan. Tara is not mentioned to have become the wife of Sugriva and no wife of Sugriva is referred to. According to the Ramopakhyana (Mahabharata, 3. 28) Hanumat does not assume any artificial form; there is only one duel between Sugriva and Vali. Ruma is not mentioned, and Tara is called the wife of Vali. Further once Vali suspects Tara of having soft heart for Sugriva when she prevents Vali from holding a duel with Sugriva. And though Sugriva is said to have told Rama that his wife was snatched away from him by Vali, yet after the death of Vali it is nowhere mentioned that Sugriva got back any woman other than Tara. The above reference and the suspicion of Vali on Tara indicate that Tara was formerly the wife of Sugriva or Sugriva wanted Tara for himself. In the Nrsimha Purana (ch. 50) there is one duel only. Tara's warning to Vali and her efforts for pacifying Laksmana are not mentioned. There she seems to be the wife of Sugriva to whom she is restored from Vali. Rama and Laksmana are unaware of the identity of the kidnapper of Sita. The Rama-Kiyena does not refer to the tests as mentioned in the Valmiki Ramayana and thus it agrees with the Paumacariya (Rama-katha; by Dr. C. Bulke (First Edition). p. 358). According to the Anamakam Jataka the king (Bodhisattva) in search of his queen meets a monkey whose territory was usurped by his uncle. When both the monkeys fight, the king fixes an arrow on the bow and at the sight of it the uncle monkey flees away. There is no mention of hiding of the king behind the trees and thus it is in agreement with the Paumacariya The Paumacariya (47), the Paumacariu (43), and the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. (21) agree with the Paumacariya The Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra (IV. p. 253) mentions only one fight between the impostor and the real Sugriva.

78 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM According to the Vasudevahindi Vali and Sugriva are Vidyadharas who develop mutual enmity for a certaian woman. Vali overpowers Sugriva and the latter takes shelter in a Jaina temple along with Vidyadhara Hanumat and Jambavat. Further it follows the Valmiki Ramayana But the approach of Hanumat to Rama, in disguised form, the tests taken by Sugriva and the hiding of Rama etc. are not mentioned. According to the Uttarapurana there arrive two Vidyadharas, Sugriva and Anumat (Hanumat of the Paumacariya) of their own accord to help Rama (68.269). They were already informed of the plight of Rama by Narada. Narada advised them to help Rama in recovering Sita from Ravana so that Sugriva would regain his hereditary position (68.287-289) of Yuvarajatva. Here Sugriva is said to have been exiled by Bali on account of the latter's greediness (68.275). There is no mention of the abduction of Sugriva's wife by Bali. Here Rama sends Anumat twice to bring about conciliation with Ravana but the missions are met with failure. Then Rama marches with his army towards Lanka and sojourns at Citrakutavana. At that time Bali through his envoy offers to help Rama provided Sugriva is not given any shelter (68.442). Rama does not agree to the proposal. He demands Mahamegha elephant from Bali and also asks him to accompany him to Lanka. At this proposal Bali gets annoyed and challenges Rama for a battle. Laksmana and Sugriva fight the battle and kill Bali (69.464). Rama restores tho lost kingdom to Sugriva and sojourns in a garden of Kriskindhanagara (68.467). The Mahapurana follows the Uttara-purana (73.7-75).