Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes classification of yoga which is verse 6.1 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 1 of the chapter Influx of Karmas and includes an extensive commentary.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Verse 6.1 - Classification of Yoga
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha s奴tra 6.1:
啶曕ぞ啶さ啶距啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ 啶啶椸 啷� 啷�.啷� 啷�
k膩yav膩峁卪ana岣arma yoga岣� || 6.1 ||
The activity (办谤颈测腻 or karma) of the body (艣补谤墨谤补), the speech (vacana), and the mind (mana) is 鈥�yoga鈥�. (1)
Hindi Anvayarth:
啶呧え啷嵿さ啶ぞ啶班啶�: [啶曕ぞ啶さ啶距啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ 啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ] 啶多ぐ啷�啶�, 啶掂啶� 啶斷ぐ 啶え 啶曕 啶呧さ啶侧ぎ啷嵿が啶� 啶膏 啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶� 啶曕 啶啶班う啷囙ざ啷嬥 啶曕ぞ 啶膏啶曕げ啷嵿お 啶灌啶ㄠぞ 啶膏 [啶啶椸] 啶啶� 啶灌啷�
Anvayartha: [kayavanmanah karma] sharira, vacana aura mana ke avalambana se atma ke pradeshom ka samkalpa hona so [yogah] yoga hai |
Explanation in English from 膧c膩rya P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi:
The souls (箩墨惫补) and the non-souls (a箩墨惫补) have been expounded. Now the next category, influx (腻蝉谤补惫补) of karmas, is expounded.
The words body (艣补谤墨谤补), etc., have already been explained. 鈥�Karma鈥� and 鈥�办谤颈测腻鈥� are synonyms. The activity of the body (艣补谤墨谤补), the speech (vacana), and the mind (mana) is called 鈥�yoga鈥�. The vibration in the space-points (辫谤补诲别艣补) of the soul (腻迟尘腻) is yoga.
Depending on the cause, yoga is threefold:
- bodily-activity (办腻测补测辞驳补),
- speech-activity (vacanayoga) and
- thought-activity (manoyoga).
These are elaborated as follows.
Bodily-activity (办腻测补测辞驳补) sets vibration in the space-points (辫谤补诲别艣补) of the soul (腻迟尘腻) on assimilation of one of the seven kinds of karmic-matter-fit-to-turn-into-body (办腻测补惫补谤驳补峁嚹�)[1], consequent on destruction-cum-subsidence of the energy-obstructive (惫墨谤测腻苍迟补谤腻测补) karmas.
Speech-activity (vacanayoga) sets vibration in the space-points (辫谤补诲别艣补) of the soul (腻迟尘腻) by the mode (辫补谤测腻测补) of speech, on attainment of the capacity for speech due to rise of the physique-making name-karma (艣补谤墨谤补 n膩makarma) on assimilation of the karmic-matter-fit-to-turn-into-speech (惫补肠补苍补惫补谤驳补峁嚹�), consequent on destruction-cum-subsidence of the energy-obstructive (惫墨谤测腻苍迟补谤腻测补) and sensory-and-words-covering (尘补迟测补办峁谤腻惫补谤补峁嘺) karmas.
Thought-activity (manoyoga) sets vibration in the space-points (辫谤补诲别艣补) of the soul (腻迟尘腻) on the availabilty of the internal cause of destruction-cum-subsidence of the energy-obstructive (惫墨谤测腻苍迟补谤腻测补) and quasi-sense-covering (苍辞颈苍诲谤颈测腻惫补谤补峁嘺) karmas and the external cause of assimilation of the karmic-matter-fit-to-turn-into-thought (尘补苍辞惫补谤驳补峁嚹�).
Know that the vibration in the space-points (辫谤补诲别艣补) of the soul (腻迟尘腻) of the Omniscient-with-vibration (蝉补测辞驳补办别惫补濒墨) due to the three kinds of the karmic-matter-fit-to-turn-into-karmas (惫补谤驳补峁嚹�) also is 鈥�yoga鈥�, even though his energy-obstructive (惫墨谤测腻苍迟补谤腻测补) and knowledge-obscuring (箩帽腻苍腻-惫补谤补峁嘺) karmas have been destroyed.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
Bodily-activity (办腻测补测辞驳补) is of seven kinds depending on the specific karmic-matter-fit-to-turn-into-body (办腻测补惫补谤驳补峁嚹�):
- aud膩rika 办腻测补测辞驳补,
- aud膩rika-mi艣ra 办腻测补测辞驳补,
- vaikriyika 办腻测补测辞驳补,
- vaikriyika-mi艣ra 办腻测补测辞驳补,
- 膩h膩raka 办腻测补测辞驳补,
- 膩h膩raka-mi艣ra 办腻测补测辞驳补, and
- k膩rma峁嘺 办腻测补测辞驳补.
(see 鈥�Vasunandi 艢r膩vak膩c膩ra鈥�, verse 39, p. 47-48).