Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes knowledge arising from their respective instrumental causes which is verse 1.30 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 30 of the chapter Right Faith and Knowledge and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 1.30 - Knowledge arising from their respective instrumental causes
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha s奴tra 1.30:
啶忇啶距う啷�啶ㄠた 啶ぞ啶溹啶ぞ啶ㄠた 啶啶椸お啶︵啶曕じ啷嵿ぎ啶苦え啷嵿え啶距啶む啶班啶ム啶 啷� 啷�.啷┼ウ 啷�
ek膩d墨ni bh膩jy膩ni yugapadekasminn膩caturthya岣� || 1.30 ||
From one up to four kinds of knowledge can be possessed simultaneously by a single soul. (30)
Hindi Anvayarth:
啶呧え啷嵿さ啶ぞ啶班啶�: [啶忇啶膏啶た啶ㄠ] 啶忇 啶溹啶� 啶啶� [啶啶椸お啶む] 啶忇 啶膏ぞ啶� [啶忇啶︵啶ㄠた] 啶忇 啶膏 啶侧啶曕ぐ [啶嗋啶む啶班啶ム啶] 啶氞ぞ啶� 啶溹啶炧ぞ啶� 啶む [啶ぞ啶溹啶ぞ啶ㄠた] 啶掂た啶啷嵿い 啶曕ぐ啶ㄠ 啶啶椸啶� 啶灌啶�, 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距い啷� 啶灌 啶膏啶む 啶灌啶傕イ
Anvayartha: [ekasmin] eka jiva mem [yugapat] eka satha [ekadini] eka se lekara [acaturthyah] cara jnana taka [bhajyani] vibhakta karane yogya haim, arthat ho sakate haim |
Explanation in English from 膧c膩rya P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi:
The subject matter of clairvoyance (补惫补诲丑颈箩帽腻苍补), etc., has been described. But it has not been mentioned how many kinds of knowledge arising from their respective instrumental causes can dwell simultaneously in one soul.
鈥楨ka鈥� denotes number. 鈥�膧诲颈鈥� means beginning. 鈥�贰办腻诲颈鈥� means beginning with one. 鈥�叠丑腻箩测腻苍颈鈥� means 鈥榙welling in鈥�. Thus, any one soul can possess from one to four kinds of knowledge, simultaneously. If only one kind of knowledge is present that would be omniscience (办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补). The other kinds of knowledge arising from destruction-cum-subsidence (办峁测辞辫补艣补尘补) do not subsist simultaneously along with omniscience attained on total destruction (办峁测补) of karmas. Two kinds of knowledge that can subsist simultaneously in the soul are sensory knowledge (尘补迟颈箩帽腻苍补) and scriptural knowledge (艣谤耻迟补箩帽腻苍补). Three kinds that can subsist simultaneously in the soul are sensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge, and either clairvoyance (补惫补诲丑颈箩帽腻苍补) or telepathy (尘补苍补岣补谤测补测补箩帽腻苍补). Sensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge, clairvoyance, and telepathy are the four that can subsist simultaneously in the soul. All the five kinds of knowledge cannot subsist together as omniscience stands by itself without any assistance.
When the soul is absolutely without covering, in its perfection, only one knowledge subsists, i.e., omniscience (办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补). But in normal worldly states, the soul is with covering. Knowledge arises in it due to destruction-cum-subsidence (办峁测辞辫补艣补尘补) of karmas. Such knowledge is divided into various kinds on the basis of instrumental causes. Since destruction-cum-subsidence (办峁测辞辫补艣补尘补) can be of different kinds, there can be simultaneous existence of two, three or four kinds of knowledge in the soul. However, manifestation is only of one kind of knowledge at any particular time; the remaining kinds remain dormant, in form of attainment (labdhi). In the soul without covering, only omniscience (办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补) manifests. In the soul with covering, one kind of knowledge out of the first four鈥搒ensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge, clairvoyance, and telepathy鈥搈anifests at any particular time. However, there can be simultaneous existence of all four kinds of knowledge when appropriate causes, i.e., destruction-cum-subsidence (办峁测辞辫补艣补尘补) of karmas, are present.