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Essay name: Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri

Author: Ratnakar Mohapatra
Affiliation: Sambalpur University / Department of History

This essay studies the Temples of Purushottama Kshetra (Puri) which is renowned for its historic and religious significance, situated in Orissa (Odisha) by the Bay of Bengal. Purusottama-ksetra is famous for the Lord Jagannatha temple and numerous smaller temples, it showcases the distinctive Kalinga architectural style.

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3 (of 15)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)


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The importance given to image worship in India and belief in personal god led to the erection of temples. With the growth and development of Brahminical religion in Orissa, the construction of temples grew throughout the whole of Orissa as well as the ká¹£etra. The concept of temples originated centuries past, with the idea of god in human form. Such a form warranted a habitation, a shelter and this need resulted in the structural edifices. The new style of temple architecture is found from the ká¹£etra as well as the whole of Orissa. This style is slightly different from the North Indian temples of the NÄgara style and it is also called as Pro-Nagara and provincial style architecture of Orissa. The new style is labelled by archaeologists as "Kalinga Style" after the territory where the temples are remained. The style is also influenced by the temple style of South India (DrÄviá¸a) and North India (Nagara). The architectural texts of Orissa recognize three types of temples notice in the whole territory of Orissa. They are such as rekhÄ, piá¸hÄ (bhadra) and khÄkharÄ types of temples. All the extant temples of â˜� the ká¹£etra represent rekha and piá¸hÄ types of structures. Though the khÄkharÄ order temples are not particularly found in the ká¹£etra but it is rarely noticed at the adjacent areas of the ká¹£etra. For instance, the GangeÅ›varÄ« temple at BayÄlisbÄtÄ« of Gop and the VarÄhÄ« temple at CaurÄsi are the best specimens of the khÄkharÄ style temple of Puri district. The khÄkharÄ type of temples of Orissa is mainly dedicated to ÅšÄkta deities only. Initially, the temples of Orissa as well as ká¹£etra consist of two components such as vimÄna and jagamohana, which are erected at the time of construction but in later period, other two components (i.e. nÄá¹­amaṇá¸apa and bhogamaná¸apa) are added in front of the jagamohana. Each is a separate structure but integrated to form an effective and harmonious architectural organization. Some prominent temples of ká¹£etra are Lord Jagannatha temple, VimaḷÄ� temple, Laká¹£mi temple, GundicÄ temple, which are the best specimens of the full fledged Kalinga Style temple architecture of Orissa. Most of the temples of ká¹£etra have two or three components. The Orissan temple is remarkable for its plan and elevation. The interior ground plan of the temple is square as a rule, but externally because of projections, the temple appears to show a cruciform plan. The temples are distinguished by vertical projections called rathas or pagas. Depending on the number of pagas, the temples are classified into triratha, pancaratha, saptaratha and navaratha. The curvilinear superstructure surmounts 328

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