Folklore in Cinema (study)
by Meghna Choudhury | 2022 | 64,583 words
This essay studies the relationship between folklore and cinema by placing Special emphasis on the films by Assamese filmmaker Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia. The research focuses on the impact of of folklore on audience engagement and exposes Assamese folktales and cinema as a cultural mirror by showing how it preserves oral literature, material cultur...
Part 1 - Studies Related to Folklore
Before moving into the analysis of the relationship between folklore and mass media, specifically the presence of folklore in the medium of cinema, it was necessary for the researcher to go through the conceptual framework of folklore. For this, the researcher went through the works of celebrated folklore scholars like Vladimir Propp (18951970), R. M. Dorson (1916-1981) and Alan Dundes (1934-2005). Soviet folklorist and scholar Vladimir Propp, for the first time, analyzed the basic structural elements of Russian folk tales to identify their simplest irreducible structural units. His famous anthology Morphology of the Folktale written in Russian, was published in 1928 as Morfologija Shazki and was translated into English in 1958 (Propp: 1968). It was also translated into Italian and Polish in 1966, French and Romanian in 1970, Spanish in 1971, and German in 1975. Based on his analysis of 100 Russian folktales, Propp propounded 31 basic structural elements (or 'functions') that typically occurred within the tales. He identified these 31 functions as typical of all fairy tales, or wonder tales in Russian folklore. The study of these 31 functions which, as per Propp, occurred in a specific ascending order within each story helped the researcher in reading the subtext of the narratives in the films under study.
Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction (Dorson ed: 1972), edited by Richard M. Dorson serves as an important text for folklore researchers. Beginning with an introductory chapter by Dorson on ‘Concepts of Folklore and Folklife Studies�, the book comprises detailed essays on various genres of folklore including oral folklore, social folk custom, material culture and folk arts by eminent folklorists. Apart from this, the book also deals with concepts of fieldwork, archiving, the use of printed sources, folk atlas mapping, the cultural geographer and folklife research.
The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes (Bronner ed, 2007) edited and introduced by Simon J. Bronner is a collection of Alan Dundes� major works including concepts of Metafolklore, Structuralism, Worldview and Identity of folklore, and the interplay of symbols and psychology in folklore.
Another book that deals with numerous aspects of folklore is Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art (Volume 1) edited by Thomas A. Green (Green: 1997). This scholarly dictionary contains contributions from leading scholars in the form of over 240 articles.
Speaking of seminal works on folklore done in the Assamese language, one has to go through Loka Sanskriti (Sarma, 2015) by renowned folklorist Dr. Nabin Chandra Sarma. It serves as a comprehensive handbook for researchers who are working in the field of folklore and folklife of Assam. The book deals with the genres of folklore in intricate detail with separate sections dedicated to different genres of folklore. The book also has a section which discusses definitions of folklore attributed to a host of renowned folklorists along with their contributions to the field. The book has helped the researcher to identify the folklore elements, especially the oral narratives which have been used in Assamese cinema.
Another book by the same author titled Asomiya Loka-Sanskritir Aabhash (Sarma: 1995) is a pioneering work in the fields of Assamese culture and society. The detailed chapters dealing with different aspects of folklore including its genres and theories, supported by well documented photographs serves as an important handbook for folklore researchers.
A Handbook of Folklore Material of North-East India (Datta, Sarma & Das, 2015) by Birendranath Datta, Nabin Chandra Sarma and Prabin Chandra Das is also an outstanding publication. Every genre of folklore has been dealt in the book in two separate parts—one part being the mainstream Assamese folklore and other part discusses folklore of the rest of the North-Eastern region of India.
Dr. Praphulladutta Goswami, in his pioneering work in regard to folkloristic study of the oral narratives of Assam called Ballads and Tales of Assam (Goswami: 2015) carries the methods of analysis and indexing of motifs of Assamese folk tales. The book has been of great help to the researcher in the structural analysis of the stories in cinema in regard to the folklore motifs used in them. Another work that has helped the researcher in understanding the structural makeup of a storyline is Assamese Folktales: A Structural Analysis (Medhi: 2015) by Dr. Mrinal Medhi.
Apart from these, the researcher consulted some other books purely focussed on Assamese folklore and folklife. Asamiya Sanskritir Konika (The Particles of Assamese Culture) is one of a kind encyclopaedia of folk terminologies related to Assamese folklife edited by Dr. Narayan Das and Dr. Paramananda Rajbangshi (Das & Rajbangshi ed: 1996). The book encompasses a vast array of 283 topics related to different aspects of folklore of Assam and its adjoining areas, with brief notes written by a group of resource persons.
Loka-Sanskriti Bichitra: Kichu Tattwa, Kichu Tathya is a collection of scholarly articles in Assamese written by eminent folklorist and scholar Dr. Birendranath Dutta (Dutta: 2016). Apart from the other articles, this book provided knowledge to the researcher in regard to Ram-Kathaa tradition among the tribal communities of Assam. This was essential for greater insight into the mythological genre of cinema specifically on the Ramayana epic in the present thesis.
Another illustrated work based exclusively on aspects of material culture, folk belief, social folk customs and traditions pertaining to the Bihu festival of Assam is Asamar Loka Sanskriti by eminent folklorist and writer of the region Dr. Nirmalprabha Bordoloi (Bordoloi: 1972).
An exquisite collection of articles on the oral narratives of Assam with a few essays on folk performing arts is Asamar Kriti-Kristi-Sanskriti by renowned folklorist Dr. Nabin Chandra Sarma (Sarma: 2012). This book is a must have for young researchers in folklore who want to learn the deep rooted oral narratives of the region along with social folk customs and folk performing arts as fields of research and conservation.
Asamiya Sanskriti is a collection and compilation of essays written by some of the prominent folklore scholars on different aspects of Assamese culture which was edited by Hariprasad Neog and Lila Gogoi way back in 1967 (Neog & Gogoi ed: 1967). The book was initially published by Asom Sahitya Sabha.
Another collection of essays on different aspects of Assamese folklore is Loka Sanskritir Subas by Murulidhar Das (Das: 2016).