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88 of high authority, who is described to have written a work, called Sangraha, in a hundred thousand verses of continuous anushtup. From frequent references in latter works it would seem that he wrote a standard lexicon which Amara largely consulted. A Pratis'akhya is also attributed to him, but as yet none of these works has been met with. Goldstucker, after reviewing the remarks of Max Muller, Weber, Bohtlink and others, comes to the conclusion that Vyadi "was a near relative of Panini, and Panini must have preceded him by at least two generations." Panini, p. 210. The real and original object of these artificial forms of writing the text of the Rik Samhita, was the prevention of corruptions, interpolations and accidental omissions of the words of the text, but the love of mystery soon attached to it a religious meaning. The practice of reading or keeping by heart these arbitrary forms is still held highly meritorious, and there are many pandits in the Marhatta, Karnata and Dravida countries who go through a part of the text every day before breakfast as a pious act. The practice is very similar to that of mediaval monks of Europe who used to read the Bible backward. Five such artificial forms have already been noticed under No. 1234, ante III. p. 199. The forms described in the codex before us are respectively called (1). Jata, or entangled. (2). Mala, or garland. (3). Danda, or staff-like. (4). Rekha, or linear. (5). Ratha, or car-like. (6). Dhvaja, or flag-like. (7). Sikha, or crest-like. (8). Ghana, or densely clotted. The Jata, according to the author, should comprise five members, thus: 1 st Agnimile; 2 nd Fle; 3 rd Flegnim; 4 th Agnimagnim; and 5 th Agnimile. The 1 st is called anukrama or the usual order; the 2 nd utkrama or the eliding order; the 3 rd vryutkrama or reversed order; the 4 th abhikrama or repeating order; and 5 th sankrama or rejoined order. The Jata and the Ghana correspond exactly and in every respect with the principles laid down in the Jatapatala, (ante III. p. 200). The others are new forms and made up by different fanciful arrangements of the five-fold order. The rules, however, exceedingly brief and obscure, and the examples given are so manifestly incorrect that they do not help one to elucidate them. Beginning. (ti0 )| harih om | athastau vivaranani lilyante | madhusvadanamunisvaracaritahai| vikrtisamvaranasya | tatpusca (?) purogamacaram prakasamarabhate || 1 ||