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Sanskrit Usage 33
According to the Dhatupatha 鈭歷ad (with or without sam) is
Parasmaipadin but according to usage with sam it is invariably
Atmanepadin. The Bh膩峁�yak膩ra is merely upholding the usage
when he employs the Atmanepada termination in the expression:
v膩cika峁�a岣峣kau na samvadete. 41 We have in the Rgveda as also in
the Nirukta the Atmanepada use of sam+vad: uta svaya samvade
tat, 42 indra tvam marudbhi岣� samvadasva. 43 deva艣unindre峁嘺
prahit膩 pa峁噄bhir asurai岣� samuda ity akhy膩nam 44 The
Brhaddevat膩 also reads: s奴kte preti tu nadya艣 ca visvamitra岣�
samudire. 45 The Chandogya Upanisad too has it in atha h盲gnaya岣�
samudire tapto brahmac膩r墨 ku艣alam na岣� paryac膩r墨t. 46 So do have
Kaus墨taki Br膩hma峁嘺 Upanisad47 and the B峁沨adaranyaka
Upanisad 48.
i. m峁涐梗膩 kila vai m膩m samvadi峁ａ弓h膩 brahma te brav膩峁嚹玹i
ii. sa hov膩c膩j膩ta艣atrur m膩 maitasmin samvadi峁ａ弓h膩 iti
Elsewhere also we come across, not infrequently, this use of
the Atmanepada. Thus:
i. kum膩ra峁� j膩ta峁� samvadanta upa vai su艣r奴峁�atel 49
ii. dev膩 vai brahma samavadanta po
iii. sa vai na sarve峁噀va samvadeta ...na vai dev膩 sarve峁噀va
蝉补尘惫补诲补苍迟别鲁鹿
As required by grammar anurakta and anuvrata should have
either the Locative or the Genitive of the person or the thing to
whom or to which one is devoted. And we have this use. But the
Accusative preponderates, though it has no explicit grammatical
sanction, for example:
i. satyaki岣� k峁泃avarm膩 ca n膩r膩ya峁嘺m anuvratau 52
ii. r膩j膩no rajaputras ca dh峁泃ar膩峁�tram anuvrat膩岣�$3
iii. abhyagacchad ad墨n膩tm膩 damayant墨m anuvrata岣ツ� 54
iv. anviksikim tarkavidy膩m anurakto nirarthik膩m! 55
v. alabhyam anuraktav膩n kim ayam 膩tman膩rijanam谋 56
vi. api v峁涐梗alam anurakt膩岣� prak峁泃aya岣�?57
vii. mahodadhim iv膩k峁�obhyam aham r膩mam anuvrat膩 58
viii. rajy膩c cyutam asiddhartha峁� r膩ma峁� parimit膩yu峁�am
kair gu峁嘺ir anurakt膩si p
The K膩艣ik膩k膩ra specifically limits the use of rajasval膩 and
karmuka in the sense of 'a lady in menses' and 'a bow'
edc