Essay name: Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence
Author:
P. V. Rajee
Affiliation: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit / Department of Sanskrit Sahitya
This essay is an English study on the Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence from the 16th century. It covers aspects of such as individual legal procedures and societal welfare, thus reflecting the judiciary principles of ancient ancient Indian society.
Chapter 2 - The place of Vyavaharamala in Sanskrit juridical texts
21 (of 26)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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62
Weights and measures.
Properties are of two types tangible and intangible. That
which can move are called tangible, that which cannot be moved
(immovable) are intangible. If they are bought and sold by
fixing the price it is panyam. They are of six types. If goods are
coutable, it is ganimam. If it is sold by weighing, it is tulimam.
If it is by measurement, it is m膿yam. For e.g. coconut, arecanut -
ga峁噄mam. Gold, silver etc - tulimam and grains - m膿yam.
The malpractices in trade was in usually done in wights
and measures. Malpractices were also done, in accounts, minting
and usage of fake coins. In transactions, 1080 pa峁嘺 was to be
given as fine. Like this adulteration was a strong crime during
those periods.
Theft is two types (prak膩艣a艣膰a aprak膩艣a艣膰a) one who
robes at the day time and one who robes at night. The first group
belongs to Prak膩艣ataskara and second to Aprak膩艣ataskara. One
who does malpractices in weights and measures, one who
accepts bribery, one who demands extra wages, prostitutes,
