Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study)
by Sajitha. A | 2018 | 50,171 words
This page relates 鈥楢vyaya in Grammar鈥� of the study on the Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva from the 11th century A.D. The Vasudevavijayam is an educational poem belonging to the Shastra-Kavya category of technical Sanskrit literature. The Vasudevavijayam depicts in 657 verses the story of Lord Krishna while also elucidates the grammatical rules of the Ashtadhyayi of Panini (teaching the science of grammar). The subject-content of the poem was taken from the tenth Skandha of the Bhagavatapurana.
Avyaya in Grammar
Avyayas are the peculiar kind of words, whose form remains the same in all the genders, numbers and cases.
sadu艣a峁� tri峁 li峁単e峁 sarv膩su ca vibhakti峁 |
vacane峁 ca sarve峁 yanna vyeti tadavyayam ||
The first definition given for Avyaya by P膩峁噄n墨 is 蝉惫补谤腻诲颈苍颈辫腻迟补尘补惫测补测补尘 (1/1/37) The words svar (heaven) etc. and the particles (狈颈辫腻迟补) are called indeclinable or Avyaya.
The following verse shows an example for Avyaya.
sukarma峁嘺岣� k峁膩vibudh膩峁僪avirdudh膩stath膩rjun墨rg膩岣� sma nihanti satka峁m |
an膩nnas奴tr膩makak膩峁卥峁t膩pada峁� na l膩lap膩 s膩 tamac墨karatk峁沺膩m || (痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 3.46)
Here the particle na is an avyaya. As per the rule 肠腻诲补测辞'蝉补迟惫别, the letter na has got 苍颈辫腻迟补迟惫补 and thus there applies the rule 蝉惫补谤腻诲颈苍颈辫腻迟补尘补惫测补测补尘 | As it is known as a 苍颈辫腻迟补, it can be termed as an Avyaya also.
The subsequent rule is 迟补诲诲丑颈迟补艣肠腻蝉补谤惫补惫颈产丑补办迟颈岣� (1/1/38).The words ending in taddhita or secondary affixes which are not declined in all the cases are also indeclinable.
To this rule, the word 补蝉补办峁沝 is used as an example in 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya in the verse,
k峁umai岣� praur峁噊d g峁沨ast奴r峁嘺峁� momud墨ti pur膩jana岣� |
stav墨ti sm膩sa办峁泃 艣补办谤补峁� 蝉惫补蝉迟丑补苍墨测补蝉迟惫补产丑奴诲 惫谤补箩补岣� ||(痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 6.169)
The word 补蝉补办峁泃 is formed with a taddhita affix viz. suc as per the rule ekasya sak峁沜ca (5/4/19).Thus the taddhita ending 补蝉补办峁泃 has got the name Avyaya.
The words formed by those 办峁泃 or primary affixes, which end with m or in e, o, ai and au are also indeclinable. This is ordained in the rule 办峁沶尘别'箩补苍迟补岣� (1/1/39).
Example for this from 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya is included in the following verse,
g膩rg墨va vij帽膩naca峁嚹� ya艣a艣cayai岣� 艣yen墨岣a峁乲峁峁ａ弓ham峁沝usmitairdi艣a岣� |
gaur墨gari峁ａ弓h膩 艣abal墨rvitanvat墨 saidh膩峁僢abh奴v膩dbhutak膩man墨yak膩 || (痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 1.27)
In this verse the word 膩m (edh膩峁僢abh奴va) is an Avyaya. It is ended with the letter m, so it bears the name avyaya as per the rule 办峁沶尘别'箩补苍迟补岣� | Besides 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 states that the words am, 膩m are studied in the 蝉惫补谤腻诲颈辫腻峁环补 and hence the rule 蝉惫补谤腻诲颈苍颈辫腻迟补尘补惫测补测补尘 can also be applied here.
Another rule for Avyaya is 办迟惫腻迟辞蝉耻峁僰补蝉耻苍补岣� (1/1/40) which means that the words ending with 办迟惫腻, tosun and kasun are indeclinable.
痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 illustrates this rule in the verse鈥�
产补丑奴苍测耻诲颈迟惫腻 khalu y膩 babh奴va yuddiviha ye cakrabh峁泃膩 nijaghnire |
mayi dvi峁ste janimetya tanvate 迟补苍耻峁� 惫峁涐梗补蝉测补 dvipad墨mana峁単hrik膩m || (痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 1.5)
Here the word 耻诲颈迟惫腻 is formed from the root vada vyakt膩y膩峁� v膩ci with the affix 办迟惫腻 | As it ends with 办迟惫腻, it can be termed as Avyaya as per this rule.
Thus the rules regarding Avyayas are well illustrated here. But it can be assumed that he has not intentionally do the same, because all these rules and examples regarding Avyayas scattered in the poem. These do not possess the order in 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨. Thus 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 has included some Avyayas in some verses, and in those contexts he mentions the rules regarding them also.