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The affixes that are added in order to derive feminine bases from the masculine are called feminine derivatives or 厂迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补. In Sanskrit, these affixes are 膩 (峁�膩p, 岣嵞乸, c膩p), 墨 (峁吥玴, 峁吥�峁�, 峁吥玭,) 奴 (奴峁�) and ti etc. The rules regarding feminine derivatives are comes under the heading rule 蝉迟谤颈测腻尘 (4/1/3)

As in the case of other rules, the section of feminine affixes also have a comprehensive nature in illustration in 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 only excludes a few rules regarding this section. These rules are illustrated in the first canto of 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya

The first rule under the authority of 蝉迟谤颈测腻尘, is 补箩腻诲测补迟补峁ａ弓腻辫 (4/1/4). This rule ordains that the affix峁�膩p is employed to indicate feminine nature, after the crude forms aja etc. and the crude forms ending in short a |

The rule is illustrated by 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 in the verse,

samastavitt膩madhijagmu峁�a岣� svato 测补迟补岣� praje艣膩岣� 艣rutimadhyag墨峁�ata |
迟颈迟颈办峁�a尘腻峁嚹乸颈 蝉补尘补峁� k峁�am膩pa ta峁� n峁沺墨bhavaddaityabhar膩rdit膩 vidhim || (痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 1.2).

Here, the word 迟颈迟颈办峁�a尘腻峁嚹� is derived from the root tija ni艣膩ne with san then enjoined the 艣腻苍补肠 | Thus 迟颈迟颈办峁�a尘腻峁嘺 is a crude form as it ends with a 办峁泃 affix 艣腻苍补肠 | This form is ending short a, therefore as per the rule 补箩腻诲测补迟补峁ａ弓腻辫, the affix 峁�膩p will be employed and results in 迟颈迟颈办峁�a尘腻峁嚹� |

The subsequent rule 峁沶nebhyo 峁吥玴 (4/1/5) states that the affix 峁吥玴 is employed, in forming the feminine, after the crude forms ending in either 峁� or n |

Example for this rule is given in the verse.

m墨m膩蝉补尘腻苍补峁� nigam膩rthavartan墨r补苍耻诲惫颈箩颈迟谤墨 samite岣� 艣uc膩tha s膩 |
办腻谤艣测补峁� dadhatyartibhar膩tpra峁嘺tya ta峁� jagaddhite j膩gratam膩rcicadgir膩 || (痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 1/3)

The word 补苍耻诲惫颈箩颈迟谤墨 is formed from the root ovij墨 bhayacalanayo岣� to which 迟峁沜 is added. The crude form will be anudvijit峁� | Thus it is ending in 峁�, and the feminine affix (墨) 峁吥玴 comes from it as per the rule 峁沶nebhyo 峁吥玴 | anudvijit峁� + 墨 鈫� iko ya峁嘺ci鈫� 补苍耻诲惫颈箩颈迟谤墨 |

The rule 耻驳颈迟补艣肠补 (4/1/6) is illustrated in the same verse. The rule implies that after what has an indicatory uk, the affix 峁吥玴 is employed, in denoting the feminine. In the verse, the word 诲补诲丑补迟墨 is example for this rule. 诲补诲丑补迟墨 is formed from the root 岣島dh膩帽 dh膩ra峁嘺po峁�a峁嘺yo岣� | The uk in the rule is a 笔谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补 which means u, 峁� and l峁� | The words which end with such letters are meant here. The words formed by ktvatu, 艣补迟峁沞tc. will be ugit. Thus the word dadhat is derived by adding the affix 艣补迟峁� and hence it becomes an ugit | So, as per the rule 耻驳颈迟补艣肠补, the feminine affix 峁吥玴 will come from this dadhat + 峁吥玴鈫� 诲补诲丑补迟墨 |

The same rule has several examples in various cantos of 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya In this manner 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 illustrates the rules regarding feminine affixes in the respective order of them in 础峁ａ弓补诲丑测腻测墨. Some more examples for 厂迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补s are going to discuss here to show the style and peculiarities of 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补's composition.

The following verse holds some examples for the affix 峁吥玴, the verse is鈥�

辫奴迟补办谤补迟膩y墨峁� ca 尘补苍耻峁� ca 尘腻苍补惫墨峁� 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫膩y墨峁� ca kari峁�yat墨 迟颈谤补岣� |
ull膩las膩m膩sa gu峁嘺ira办峁泃rimai rate岣� 蝉补辫补迟苍墨va sut膩sya 诲别惫补办墨 ||(痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya 1.26)

Here the first rule enjoined is 苍颈迟测补峁� 蝉补辫补迟苍测腻诲颈峁�u (4/1/35).

In forming the feminine with the affix 峁吥玴 the word pati always takes the substitute n in the words like 蝉补辫补迟苍墨 and the rest.

Sapatn墨 -蝉补尘腻苍补岣� 辫补迟颈岣� yasy膩岣� s膩 | Here the word 蝉补尘腻苍补 is replace by sa by this rule. The final i of pati. Here an augment nuk is employed as the final part of the nominal is substituted by n before the affix 峁吥玴 | sapat+ n + 墨鈫� 蝉补辫补迟苍墨 | The form 蝉补辫补迟苍墨 is descended by this rule as 笔腻峁噄苍颈 himself uses this word thus.

The next rule adjoined here is 辫奴迟补办谤补迟orai ca (4/1/36) which states that in forming the feminine, the letter ai is the substitute of the final of the word 辫奴迟补办谤补迟耻, when the affix 峁吥玴 is added ai and 峁吥玴 are introduced from the 辫奴迟补办谤补迟耻 as per this rule. 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 used this word in the above quoted verse, to discuss this rule. 辫奴迟补办谤补迟耻鈫� 辫奴迟补办谤补迟 + ai + 峁吥玴(墨)鈫� 辫奴迟补办谤补迟ai + 墨鈫� 辫奴迟补办谤补迟膩y墨 ||

Subsequently he uses the word 惫峁涐梗腻办腻测墨 which is derived from the word 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫颈岣� | In forming the feminine with the affix 峁吥玴 the letter ai having 耻诲腻迟迟补 accent is the substitute of the finals of 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫颈, agni, kusita and kusida | This is ordained by the rule 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫yagnikusitakusid膩n膩m耻诲腻迟迟补岣� (4/1/37) 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫颈鈫� 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫 + ai + 墨 (峁吥玴)鈫� 惫峁涐梗腻办补辫ai + 墨鈫� v峁沺膩kap膩y墨 |

The rule manorau v膩 (4/1/38) optionally substituted au or 耻诲腻迟迟补 ai to the final of manu followed by 峁吥玴. Then have the form 尘补苍腻测墨, 尘补苍腻惫墨 etc. As the rule is optional, when the rule is not applied, the form manu: remains in its original form 尘补苍耻岣� | All the three word have the sense of wife of Manu. 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 uses the form 尘补苍耻岣� and states it is the form resulted when the rule manorau v膩 was unpractised.^[1]

The rule ito manu峁�yaj膩te岣� (4/1/65) is illustrated here. The feminine affix 峁吥�峁� comes after a nominal stem ending in short i denoting classes or races of men. 诲别惫补办墨 is the example given in the verse by 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 to illustrate this rule. devakasya 补辫补迟测补峁� 蝉迟谤墨鈫� 诲别惫补办墨 | Here after the word devaka, an affix 颈帽 is introduced as per the rule ata 颈帽 (4/1/95) (Patronymic affix). devaka+ i鈫� devaki. Then from the short i of this word, the the affix 峁吥玴 will come as per the rule ito manu峁�yaj膩te岣� |

devaka鈫� devaka + i鈫� devaki鈫� devaki + 墨鈫� 诲别惫补办墨

Likewise 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 included most of the rules regarding the feminine affixes and he uses different kinds of examples to illustrate Pa峁噄ni's rules. The rules illustrated in 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补vijaya and the examples for them are shown in the appendix.

It can be stated that most of the rules to derive feminine endings forms are successfully narrated here. He has also shown the difference in meaning on the course of the change in affixes.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

manumiti "manorau v膩' iti 峁吥玴s膩hitayaurauk膩raik膩rayoram膩ve prak峁�ike r奴pam |, Prof. Vijayapal Sastri.op.cit.V.26, p.11