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[Full title: Kerala Contribition to 艢膩stra办腻惫测补 Tradition (7): 厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补 of Ilatt奴r R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri]

厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补 is a 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺艣腻蝉迟谤补办腻惫测补, written by Ilatt奴r R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri. 鈥�骋辞尘补迟墨诲腻蝉补鈥� Ilatt奴r R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri (1823-1887) was an outstanding scholar-poet of Kerala. He gained deep knowledge not only in Sanskrit and Malayalam, but also in subjects like Tarka, 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺, 厂腻丑颈迟测补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻 and 罢补迟迟惫补箩帽腻苍补. Sastri鈥檚 devotions were of a high order and he considered himself as 鈥�骋辞尘补迟墨诲腻蝉补鈥欌赌�A servant devotee of goddess 笔腻谤惫补迟墨. R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri has contributed much to the literary world of Sanskrit. His works can be classified into several sections as 碍腻惫测补, Camp奴办腻惫测补, Prabhandhas, 艢腻蝉迟谤补蝉, Stotras, 膧峁�峁�补办补迟丑补 etc.

厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补 is the master creation of R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri. It is a 惭补丑腻办腻惫测补 written on the pattern of 叠丑补峁�峁�颈办腻惫测补 describing the story of 搁腻尘补测补峁嘺 and illustrating the rules of Pa峁噄ni along with common figures of speech.

Vadakkumkur Rajarajavarma in his 碍别谤补濒墨测补蝉补峁僺办峁泃补蝉腻丑颈迟测补 caritra [caritram], stated that the 办腻惫测补 contains over eighteen cantos. But only up to 33^rd 艣濒辞办补 of the eighth canto has been obtained.

The poem starts with an invocatory verse, in which Lord 艢颈惫补 is offered prayers. The verse is thus鈥�

墨艣腻苍补峁� 蝉补谤惫补惫颈诲测腻苍腻峁� 蝉辞尘补峁� som膩rdha艣ekharam |
墨艣惫补谤补峁� 艣腻艣惫补迟补峁� vande saccid膩nandavigraham ||^[1]

From the second verse onwards the story of 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 is being described and it starts like this-

艣r墨matyaryam膩峁噀 va峁兣沞 bhavati sma 办补濒腻苍颈诲丑颈岣� |
谤腻箩腻 诲补艣补谤补迟丑辞 苍腻尘补 蝉耻诲丑腻产诲丑腻惫颈惫补 肠补苍诲谤补尘腻岣� ||^[2]

In the first eleven verses the poet uses the ten 濒补办腻谤补 forms of the root 产丑奴.

1. bhavati,
2. ba产丑奴va,
3. 产丑补惫颈迟腻,
4. 产丑补惫颈峁�y补迟颈,
5. bhavantu,
6. abhavat,
7. bhavet,
8. 产丑奴y膩t,
9. a产丑奴t and
10. 补产丑补惫颈峁�y补迟.

[These] are the forms used by the author in verses from second to eleven.

The first 34 verses are devoted to illustrate some of the important 础濒补峁卥补谤补蝉. Some of the 础濒补峁卥腻谤补蝉 used in the verses are鈥�耻辫补尘腻, anyonya, 耻迟辫谤别办峁Ｄ�, 办腻惫测补li峁単a, 辫补谤颈惫峁泃迟颈, art丑腻ntharany膩sa, 惫颈谤辞诲丑腻产丑腻蝉补, 谤奴辫补办补, ananvaya, 办腻惫测补li峁単a etc.

In addition to the illustration of 础濒补峁卥补谤补蝉, certain grammatical implications are also illustrated in this poem. Since the poem is a 艢膩stra办腻惫测补 which demands interpretation, each verse has been briefly discussed by the author himself.

From the 35^th verse of the first canto, the usage of 补箩补苍迟补辫耻濒濒颈峁単补 and its application in the 艣补产诲补蝉 are illustrated. After this the usage of ajanta 蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补 and its application are explained. In the second canto, the examples for the usage and application of 补箩补苍迟补苍补辫耻峁僺补办补濒颈峁単补 are given. The application of halantapulli峁単a, halanta蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补 and 丑补濒补苍迟补苍补辫耻峁僺补办补濒颈峁単补 are also explained with examples here in the second canto.

The 蝉迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补蝉 are described in the third canto, and in the fourth the 办腻谤补办补惫颈产丑补办迟颈蝉 are illustrated. Certain Anuprayogas are illustrated in the fifth canto.

The 补箩补苍迟补辫耻濒濒颈峁単补辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 starts with the verse鈥�

satyasakto v峁涐梗astho'sau jitak膩mo'cal膩艣raya岣� |
产丑奴tiyukto na kairvandya岣� sarvaj帽o 谤腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补岣� ||^[3]

In this, satyasakta岣�, v峁涐梗astha岣�, 箩颈迟补办腻尘补岣�e迟肠 are examples for 补箩补苍迟补辫耻濒濒颈峁単补.

This 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 is devoted to a峁僯antapulli峁単a艣补产诲补蝉.

Ajanta蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 starts with the verse鈥�

sarvasy膩mapi rathy膩ya峁� vi艣vasy膩峁� dv膩ri ve艣man膩m |
艣obhit膩mubhayora峁噛orubhayy膩 tora峁嘺sr补箩腻 ||^[4]

In this versesarvasy膩m, rathy膩y膩m, vi艣vasy膩m etc. are examples for ajanta蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补s.

There are many verses which illustrate the Ajanta 蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补s.

adhy奴峁�u峁�ast膩峁� nagar墨mindrasyev膩mar膩vat墨m |
r膩jy膩峁単膩ni sam峁沝d丑腻ni sarv膩峁噛api cak膩艣ire ||^[5]

In the above verse, r膩jy膩峁単膩ni, sam峁沝d丑腻ni etc. are examples for Ajanta 苍补辫耻峁僺补办补濒颈峁単补蝉. Like these, Halantapulli峁単a, 蝉迟谤墨濒颈峁単补 and napumsaka 艣补产诲补蝉 are also illustrated.

The Paniniyan rules of 蝉迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补蝉 are beautifully illustrated by the author. Some examples are as follows.

atha 辫谤补箩腻岣� samyagavan sa 谤腻箩腻 辫谤颈测腻su j膩y膩su pativrat膩su |
辫谤补箩腻尘补惫腻辫迟耻峁� 谤补尘补峁嘺峁� 蝉补尘墨箩别 苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺峁� ma峁単aladevat膩y膩岣� ||^[6]

The feminine terms used in this verse such as 辫谤补箩腻, 辫谤颈测腻 etc. got the particle 峁�膩p based on the rule, 补箩腻诲测补迟补峁ａ弓腻辫 (4.1.4).

This 蝉奴迟谤补 means that the pratyaya 峁�膩p will addedto the words like 补箩腻 etc.

艣补谤惫腻峁噄 谤耻诲谤腻峁噄 产丑补惫腻苍颈 m膩tarm峁涐笉膩ni sarv膩峁噄 may膩rpit膩ni |
驳峁沨腻峁嘺 诲腻办峁Ｄ乱补峁噄 艣a峁卥ar墨ti niveday膩m膩sa nivedan墨ya峁� ||^[7]

In this verse, the words 艣补谤惫补, rudra etc. got 腻苍耻办 by the rule indravaru峁嘺bhava艣补谤惫补rudram峁涐笉ahim膩ra峁噛ayavayavanam膩tul膩c膩ry膩峁嚹乵腻苍耻办 (4.1.49) and then got the 蝉迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补峁吥�峁� by the 蝉奴迟谤补鈥�辫耻峁儁辞驳腻诲腻办丑测腻测腻尘. In the word 诲腻办峁Ｄ乱补峁嚹�, the pratyaya 峁吥�峁� is by the 蝉奴迟谤补 峁�i诲驳补耻谤腻诲颈产丑测补艣肠补 (4.1.41).

There are many more examples of 厂迟谤墨辫谤补迟测补测补蝉 are given in the third canto.

Most of the Paniniyan rules of 办腻谤补办补蝉 are illustrated in the fourth canto of the poem. Some examples are-

产丑奴pa峁� kum膩rodayamabhrav墨dyastasmai dadau ratnagha峁璦峁� 苍补谤别苍诲谤补岣� |
ko v膩 na ki峁� v膩tama测腻肠adi峁ａ弓a峁� kasmai na ki峁� ve峁ａ弓amadatta so'yam ||^[8]

Here, by the association of the roots 测腻肠 and 产谤奴帽, the terms 产丑奴pa and ta got the 办补谤尘补蝉补峁僯帽腻 and hence they are used in 诲惫颈迟墨测腻 vibhakti.

This is explained by the 痴腻谤迟颈办补-

duh测腻肠pacda峁囜笉arudhipracchicibhr奴艣膩sujimathamu峁Ｄ乵 |
karmayuksy膩dakathita峁� tat丑腻 sy膩nn墨h峁沰峁涐梗va丑腻m ||

Another verse explaining 诲惫颈迟墨测腻 vibhakti 颈蝉鈥�

蝉补尘补测腻 苍补驳补谤墨尘补产丑颈迟辞 惫补谤补峁嘺峁� parito vipa峁噄峁� rathiko janat膩峁� |
milito sahasobhayato 惫颈艣颈办丑腻峁� svamanyahani sma sa dar艣ayati ||^[9]

This verse is an example for the 痴腻谤迟颈办补鈥攁bhita岣ケ璨拱�颈迟补岣ゲ醪钩静共饽宀跃卑觳贯梗膩丑腻pratiyoge'pi. The association of the Avyayas 补产丑颈迟补岣�, 辫补谤颈迟补岣�, 蝉补尘补测腻, 苍颈办补峁Ｄ�, 丑腻 and prati leads to the employment of 诲惫颈迟墨测腻vibhakti.

To illustrate 办补谤补峁嘺办腻谤补办补 the author gives many verses. For example;

k峁�a峁噀na patr膩峁噄 likhet bah奴ni kro艣ena cor膩n dravato'pyabh墨y膩n |
vin墨tib丑腻j膩 saha lak峁�ma峁噀na k膩ry膩峁噄 kurvan sa nin膩ya b膩lyam ||^[10]

In this verse, the rules apavarge 迟峁泃墨测腻 (2.3.6) and sahayukte'prad丑腻ne (2.3.19) are explained.

An example for the 蝉补尘辫谤补诲腻苍补办腻谤补办补 颈蝉鈥�

pray膩talokasya 艣ub丑腻ya 谤腻尘补岣� sv膩丑腻gnaye sy膩t bhavat膩t pit峁沚hya岣� |
svad丑腻lamastve峁�a ni艣膩carebhya岣� svastyastu r膩m膩ya nama岣� 艣iv膩ya ||^[11]

In this verse the rule nama岣�svastisv膩丑腻svad丑腻la峁僾a峁�a岣峺og膩cca (2.3.16) is well explained the 蝉补尘辫谤补诲腻苍补办腻谤补办补.

gacchan sa 谤腻尘补岣� sa岣� lak峁�ma峁噀na jig丑腻峁僺um腻谤腻迟 驳补驳补苍腻迟 patant墨m |
madhye 辫补迟丑补峁� 办腻尘补辫颈 驳丑辞谤补谤耻辫补峁� ni艣膩car墨maik峁�ata s膩tta丑腻sam ||^[12]

This verse us an example for 础辫腻诲腻苍补办腻谤补办补. Here, the terms 腻谤腻迟 and 驳补驳补苍腻迟 have got 础辫腻诲腻苍补迟惫补 on the basis of the rule 诲丑谤耻惫补尘补辫腻测别'辫腻诲腻苍补尘 (1.4.24). Hence they are used in 辫补帽肠补尘墨 vibhakti based on the rule ap膩d膩ne 辫补帽肠补尘墨 (2.3.28).

Along with the 办腻谤补办补蝉, 碍补谤尘补辫谤补惫补肠补苍墨测补蝉 are also discussed.

anudar艣anamarthamarthi苍腻尘补karodanvadhika峁� sa v膩帽chit膩n |
upa ta峁� sura产丑奴ruhorpa峁噀 hyupa ta峁� tejasi 蝉补谤惫补诲别惫补迟腻岣� ||^[13]

Here, on the basis of the rule 补苍耻谤濒补办峁�a峁噀 (1.4.84), got the 办补谤尘补辫谤补惫补肠补苍墨测补蝉补峁僯帽腻 and employ 诲惫颈迟墨测腻vibhakti based on the rule karmapravacan墨yayukte 诲惫颈迟墨测腻 (2.3.8).

Besides these, some Anuprayogas are also given in the fifth canto. The following chapters hold grammatical implications, but there is no specific order.

From the above examples, we can conclude that 厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补 is a simple text for learning grammar. This text is useful for both beginners and scholars. The text has originality in composition as well as technical implications. Though the 办腻惫测补 deals with the 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 theme, the portion available is only partial. If the whole 办腻惫测补 is obtained, there is no doubt it would have been an asset for Sanskrit learning and literature of Kerala. A student of grammar as well as poetics get benefitted by the close study of the text 厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

厂耻谤奴辫补谤腻驳丑补惫补峁�, Ilatt奴r R膩masv膩mi艣膩stri, v.I.1.

[2]:

Ibid, v.I.2.

[3]:

ibid, v.I.35

[4]:

ibid, v.I.67

[5]:

ibid,v. II.1.

[6]:

ibid, v.III.1.

[7]:

ibid,v.III.28

[8]:

ibid, v.IV.5

[9]:

ibid, v.IV.20

[10]:

ibid,v.IV.33.

[11]:

ibid,v.IV.47.

[12]:

ibid,v.IV.49.

[13]:

ibid,v.IV.26