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The present thesis entitled Tattvabindu of 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补: A Study has been prepared in seven chapters of which the last one is devoted to a conclusion. 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补鈥檚 Tattvabindu, a 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 is an important treatise of the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补 school of 笔奴谤惫补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻.

The present thesis deals with a study of the treatise in which five traditional views regarding the efficient cause of verbal comprehension are discussed. In this context, four views as 辫奴谤惫补辫补办峁�a (prime facie) namely 蝉辫丑辞峁璦惫腻诲补, 惫补谤峁嘺惫腻诲补, 惫补谤峁嘺尘腻濒腻惫腻诲补 and 补苍惫颈迟腻产丑颈诲丑腻苍补惫腻诲补 are presented. On the other hand, the 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补惫腻诲补 of the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 is presented as the 蝉颈诲诲丑腻苍迟补 view.

The first chapter of the thesis is an introduction to the 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻 system in which the points of difference between both the sister schools viz. the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补 and 笔谤腻产丑腻办补谤补 are discussed. Moreover, the details of both the systems are presented in it. A brief account of the Tattvabindu is also presented in the introduction which contains the views of verbal comprehension. Again the date, place and works of the author of the Tattvabindu are discussed in this chapter.

In the second chapter of the thesis, 蝉辫丑辞峁璦惫腻诲补 and its refutation by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 are discussed. The discussion of the 蝉辫丑辞峁璦惫腻诲补 occupies almost half of the work. 厂辫丑辞峁璦 is a name given to the radical 艣补产诲补 which communicates the meaning to the hearers as different from dhvani or the sound in ordinary experience. The grammarians who followed 笔腻峁噄苍颈 and who were headed by

叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 entered into discussions regarding the philosophy of grammar and introduced by way of deduction from 笔腻峁噄苍颈鈥檚 grammar, an important theory that 艣补产诲补 which communicates the meaning is different from the sound which is produced and heard and which is merely instrumental in manifestation of an internal voice which is called 蝉辫丑辞峁璦.

The theory of 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 is the first view regarding the 艣腻产诲补产辞诲丑补 in the Tattvabindu. The derivative meaning of the word 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 is discussed in this chapter.

Various views on 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 are also discussed in it. It also contains the classification of 蝉辫丑辞峁璦. The theory of 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 deals with at length in it. Objections against 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 by the 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 and the 狈补颈测腻测颈办补蝉 are also dealt with in this chapter. Refutation of the same by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 is also presented in this chapter.

The refutation of the second view is 惫补谤峁嘺惫腻诲补 is presented in chapter three of the dissertation. 痴补谤峁嘺惫腻诲补 is propounded by the 狈补颈测腻测颈办补蝉 who maintain that 惫补谤峁嘺蝉 and padas are the cause of 补谤迟丑补辫谤补迟墨迟颈 (knowledge of the meaning) of the sentences. This view is also refuted by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 who supports K奴m膩rila in this case.

Chapter four of the thesis contains rejection of the 惫补谤峁嘺尘腻濒腻惫腻诲补 advocated by the 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 like Upavar艣a and others. This view of the 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 is rejected by the author of the Tattvabindu. The 惫补谤峁嘺尘腻濒腻惫腻诲补 of the 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 regarding the verbal comprehension is discarded from the point of view of the 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补惫腻诲补 which is intended by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 to establish at the end of the Tattvabindu. The refutation of the theory of 惫补谤峁嘺尘腻濒腻 helps to maintain the theory of 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补 of the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补m墨m膩峁僺akas.

The fifth chapter of the thesis is devoted to the theory of 补苍惫颈迟腻产丑颈诲丑腻苍补 of the 笔谤腻产丑腻办补谤补 惭墨尘腻峁僺补办补蝉 and the Vi艣i峁ａ弓膩dvaitav膩dins. According to this theory, the meaning of a sentence is conveyed by the words which in a sentence come to be related to one another and then convey their meaning. The causes of verbal comprehension i.e., this theory of the verbal comprehension is discarded by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补.

In the sixth chapter of the thesis, we have discussed the theory of 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补 advocated by the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补 school of 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻 which is supported and accepted by 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补 as the cause of 艣腻产诲补产辞诲丑补. This theory is also accepted by the Ved膩ntins and some 狈补颈测腻测颈办补蝉. According to 碍耻尘腻谤颈濒补 叠丑补峁�峁�补, the meaning of a sentence is always conveyed by the meanings of the words obtained from the words themselves.

痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补, the celebrated commentator (known as 峁�a岣峝补谤艣补苍补 v膩caspati) of Indian philosophy, composed the Tattvabindu which deals with the efficient cause of the verbal comprehension. In this treatise, he proposes to establish the theory of 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补 as the efficient cause of verbal comprehension. He has refuted the other four views including the theory of 补苍惫颈迟腻产丑颈诲丑腻苍补 advocated by 笔谤补产丑腻办补谤补 惭颈艣谤补. 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 惭颈艣谤补, a supporter of the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补m墨m膩峁僺aka 碍耻尘腻谤颈濒补, accepts the theory of 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补 as the efficient cause of the verbal comprehension. He discards the other views including the first view of 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 advocated by the grammarians. What is a word? The word is verbal unit composed of a number of letters. Among people, the term 鈥榳ord鈥� is applied to what is apprehended by the ear. On the other hand, in case of the word 驳补耻岣� what is apprehended by the ear is the unit composed of the said letters. 艢补产补谤补, the commentator of the 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻s奴tra, says that what happens is that each component letter, as it uttered, leaves an impression behind and what brings about the cognition of the denotation of the word is the last component letter along with the impression of each of the preceding component letters. In actual experience, the composite word-unit is never found to be anything entirely different from the component letters. So, there can be no 鈥榳ord鈥� apart from the component letters. This is much simpler hypothesis than that of the grammarians who have to postulate the 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 as totally different from the component letters. 痴腻肠补蝉辫补迟颈 being a supporter of the 叠丑腻峁�峁�补 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻 does not accept 蝉辫丑辞峁璦惫腻诲补 as the efficient cause of 艣腻产诲补产辞诲丑补 and as such he discards the view of the grammarians and he is found right to accept the theory of 补产丑颈丑颈迟腻苍惫补测补 of 碍耻尘腻谤颈濒补.