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The term Shakti means power, ability, strength, might, effort, energy, capability etc. It is also used in the sense of weapon i.e., spear, lance, pike or dart. Astrologically speaking, it is a particular configuration of stars and planets. 'divine' mother. 1 Theologically speaking, it means A perusal of the various ancient texts helps us to understand how the term Sakti is treated in them. The gradual development of Saktism where Sakti is treated as divine mother, is divided into three stages. 2 UNIVERSITY (1) Pre-historic (2) Post Christian; and (3) Modern, Pre-historic: KERALA LIBA edm term importance to female principles of nature³. References are found in the Vedas giving due TRIN Yajurveda considers Aditi as mother Goddess 4. When it comes to the 1. Monier Williams 1 Sanskrit English Dictionary., p.1044 2. Tantra Yoga., p.2 Tantra Mahavidya., p.9 3. "Codayitri sunrtanam cetanti sumatinam yajnam dadhe Saraswati. Mahornah saraswati praceyata ketuna dhiyo viswa virajati"; 20/85 - Yajurveda. 4. "Aditirdyauh aditirantariksam aditirmata sa pita sa putrah. Visve deva aditih pancajana aditirjatam aditirjanitvam;' 25/23 Ibid.,

102 102 : Puranas of early antiquity, a tendency to worship the male and female principles of nature as couple, is perceptible 5. In later Upanisads, certain works giving supremacy to the Goddess are not rare. Eg: Devyupanisad, Saubhagyalaksmyupani sad Sitopanisad, Tripuratapinyupanisad, etc. There is reference in Kenopani sad where Goddess Uma appears in front of the Gods 6 to reveal the real source of power Chandogy opanisad refers to Gayatri as the sole authority of everything and the on 7. foundation of the whole earth, and so on. Post-Christian period: Banas Candisataka, and his reference to some mystical rituals performed to the Goddess in Harsacarita, prove a further development in the worship of the female principle. The mystical rituals known as tantric form of worship were codified into books known as Tantras. During the period of Sri Sankara, quite a number of Tantras had appeared. 5. "Pullingamakhilam dhatte bhagavan purasasanah. Strilingam ca khilan dhatte devi devamanorama." Sai Pu., I Amsa Ab 4 th Adhyaya 6. "Sa tasminneva (kase striyamajagama. Bahusobhamanamumah haimavatin tan hovaca kimetadyaksamiti sa brahmeti hovaca. 7. "Gayatri va idan sarvan bhutan, yadidam kimeva vagvai gayatri vagva idan sarvan bhutam bhutan pratisthitan sayam hi idam Chandogy opanisat. XII-3.

103 He himself was the composer of the famous Prapancasaratantra. In Brahmasutrabhasya also he highlights the importance of 8 Sakti which is reflected in Saundaryalahari, also. Without Her, Her. Parameswara cannot create anything; He is inactive without In Devi Bhagavata which claims later antiquity Shakti is called the bestower of wealth and might and also as the personification of these 10 Modern Period The third division begins from 1200 A.D., till the present century. This is a period of wonderful development. The rituals and practice of Tantras turned to the subtlest and most complicated forms. This, it is said, enabled man to awaken the power or Shakti lying dormant in him and to realize the supreme bliss. Many Hindu temples, Colour plates of Siva and Shakti in tantric Asana (17 th century A.D.) seated on Nandi wearing signs of yogic practice, 8. 9. "Nahi taya vina paramesvarasya srastrtvan siddhyati saktirahitasya tasya pravrtyanupapatteh." Brahmasutra-bhashya, I, IV, 3. "Sivah Baktya yukto yadi bhavati baktah prabhavi tum na cedevan devo na khalu kusalah spanditumapi." Saundaryalahari, 1. 10. "Aisvaryavacanasasvadbhih parakaramevaca tatsvarupa tayordatri sa saktih parikirtita". Devibhagavatapurana VI. II. 101.

CH 104 : Sriyantra of 14 th century, the plate of cosmic mother (1800 A.D.), Satcakra, Kundalini (1800 A.D.) etc., are examples for this 11