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The knowledge of zoology is specially found in the epic 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补. Among them 补艣惫补艣腻蝉迟谤补 丑补蝉迟颈艣腻蝉迟谤补 耻峁璦艣腻蝉迟谤补 are remarkable. In the ancient time these animals were used for war in the battle field. So, to maintain and protecting these animals, special knowledge is very much important.

Horses are described as 碍腻濒补 in 碍腻濒补 hymn of the Atharvaveda鈥�

鈥渒膩lo a艣vo vahati 蝉补辫迟补谤补艣尘颈岣�鈥� |

惭补濒濒颈苍腻迟丑补 has shown horses as the sons of Godess 尝补办峁�m墨 鈥榣ak峁�m墨putra'艣va 膩dye ca鈥� commentary in the 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补 鈥�艣谤颈测补岣� 腻迟尘补箩腻鈥�: (15/78) |

惭腻驳丑补 said that horses of 膧谤补迟迟补 were better breeds. The horses can run accordingly with the intensities of whipping. The coachman knew the skills to stop the horse.

The following verse shows the detailed description of the above statement.

鈥渢ejonir墨dhasamat膩v膩hitena yantr膩 samyak ka艣膩traya vic膩ravat膩 niyukka岣� |
膩ra峁�峁璦ja艣ca峁璾lani峁ａ弓hura p膩tamuccai艣citra峁� 肠补办腻谤补 padamardha辫耻濒腻yitena ||鈥�5. 10 ||^[1]

Galloping is called 辫耻濒腻. In this context 惭补濒濒颈苍腻迟丑补 says in the commentary of the tenth verse of the fifth canto鈥�

鈥槺璩鼙裟錵hyay膩 ayita峁� gati 辫耻濒腻yitam鈥� |

To control the rein, is discussed by the experts.

鈥渁vy膩kula峁� prak峁泃amuttaradheya karmadh膩r膩岣� pras膩dhayitumavyatik墨r峁嘺r奴p膩岣�
蝉颈诲诲丑补峁� mukhe navasu v墨thisu ka艣cida艣va峁� valg膩ribh膩gaku艣alo gamay膩mvabh奴va || 5. 60 ||^[2]

The picture of horse race is painted in the fifty third verse of the fifth canto.

鈥済aty奴nam膩rgajatayo'pi gato rum膩rga岣� 蝉惫补颈谤补峁� sam膩cak峁涐梗ire bhuvi vellan膩ya |
darpodayollasitaphenajal膩nus膩rasa峁僱ak峁�yapalyayana vardhrapad膩stura峁単膩岣� ||鈥� 5. 53 ||^[3]

The rules of horse riding have also been discussed in the twelfth canto.

鈥湶醣共咕卑�补峁� k峁泃膩sph膩lanal膩lit膩n 辫耻谤补岣� 蝉辫丑耻谤补迟迟补苍奴苍 诲补谤艣颈迟补 l膩ghavakriy膩岣� |
valg膩valagnaikasavalg膩p膩峁嘺yastu ra峁単am膩n膩ruruhustu ra峁単i峁嘺岣モ�� || 12. 6 ||^[4]

骋补箩补艣腻蝉迟谤补 (gaja艣膩stra) is discussed in the fifth and seventeenth canto in the 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补.

The characterestic of elephants, scented elephant (驳补苍驳丑补丑补蝉迟墨), matured elephant, the seven place of secretion of 蝉耻谤腻 (尘补诲补诲丑腻谤腻), the rules of taming the elephant, are described in the 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补.

Poet has described elephants as s膩maj膩岣モ��

鈥�诲补苍迟腻 dantair膩hat膩岣� s膩maj膩n膩峁� 产丑补峁単补峁�鈥攋补驳尘耻苍补谤峁嘺 蝉惫补谤补峁� 蝉腻尘补箩腻迟腻岣� ||鈥� 18. 33 ||^[5]

Here 蝉腻尘补箩腻迟腻岣� means鈥攅lephant (18/33)

Poet 惭腻驳丑补 knows the seventh place of the secretion of mada of the elephants.

鈥渕ad膩mbhas膩 parigalitena saptagh膩gaj膩n 箩补苍补岣� 艣amitaraja艣c奴y膩nadha岣� |
uparyavasthitaghanap膩峁兣泆ma峁囜笉al膩nalokayattatapamai峁囜笉ap膩峁噄va || 17. 68 ||^[6]

惭补濒濒颈苍腻迟丑补 commented on this verse. He described about the seventh place of secretion.

According to 惭补濒濒颈苍腻迟丑补 the explanation of 蝉补辫迟补诲丑腻 (蝉补辫迟补诲丑腻) are鈥�

鈥渒ar膩t ka峁�膩bhy膩峁� me峁璻膩cca netr膩bhy膩峁� ca madastruti岣� iti p膩lak膩vye |鈥� (Commentary of the verse 17/68).

Poet described also the methods of riding elephants.

鈥渦tk峁�iptag膩tra岣� sma vi岣峚mvayannabha岣� samutpati峁�yantamagendramuccakai岣� |
膩ku帽citaprohanirupitakrama峁� kare峁噓r膩rohayate ni峁Ｄ乨inam || 12. 5 ||^[7]

Excellent description about controlling the elephant using goad by the elephant keeper is seen in 惭腻驳丑补鈥檚 epic in the twelfth vers of the twelfth canto.

鈥減ratyanyan膩ga峁� calitastar膩vat膩 nirasyaku峁囜弓a峁� dadhat膩'nyama峁卥u艣am |
m奴rddh膩nam奴rddh膩yatadantama峁囜笉ala峁� dh奴vannarodhi dvirado ni峁Ｄ乨in膩 |鈥�

Except horses and elephants, the poet described the characteristics and beheaviour of camel, ox, mule etc.

The following verse describes the behavior of camel.

鈥涡迟迟丑腻迟耻尘颈肠肠丑补苍 惫颈诲丑峁泃补岣� puroval膩nnidh墨yam膩ne bharabh膩jiyantrake |
urddhorjmjhitotg膩ravijharjharasvara岣� svan膩ma ninye 谤补惫补峁嘺岣� sphu峁�膩that膩m ||鈥� 12. 9 ||^[8]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

ibid., p. 193.

[2]:

ibid., p. 222.

[3]:

ibid., p. 218.

[4]:

ibid., p. 472.

[5]:

ibid., p. 756.

[6]:

ibid., p. 437.

[7]:

ibid., p. 472.

[8]:

ibid., p. 474.