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The 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘 (碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补) is an erotic comic poem written by the well-known Kashmirian poet D膩modaragupta. The poet is silent regarding his biographical data. In the conclusion of the work, it is mentioned that he is the minister of the king 闯补测腻辫墨岣峚.^[1] The king Jay膩p墨岣峚鈥檚 reigned Kashmir from 779 to 813 A.D.^[2] Therefore, it can be said that Damodaragupta wrote 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘 during Jay膩p墨岣峚鈥檚 reign. Until 1883 A.D., the work was familiar only through some references quoted in the 碍腻惫测辫谤补办腻艣补, 础濒补峁僰腻谤补蝉谤惫补蝉惫补 etc. Later on Dr. Peterson discovers a copper plate of it. The work is also known as 艢补尘产丑补濒墨尘补迟补尘.

The word 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨 and 艢补尘产丑补濒墨 is equivalent.^[3] But, the work becomes popular with the name 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨. European scholars often remark the work as pornographical one.^[4]

In the work, the plot is laid in Kusumapura and 痴腻谤腻峁嘺蝉墨. In the original story, an old bawd Vikr膩l膩 counsels a young harlot named 惭腻濒补迟墨 how to trap a lover, especially Cint膩ma峁噄, the son of a 叠丑补峁�峁�补 (an official). While counseling 惭腻濒补迟墨, Vikr膩l膩 also illustrates other interesting and cunning love stories of other harlots like H膩ralat膩 and 厂耻诲补谤艣补苍补, 惭补帽箩补谤墨 and Samarabha峁�峁璦 etc. The play reports varied cunning ways of a harlot to bring into their clutches the careless and feeble minded youngsters and lead them to destroy. Vikr膩l膩 teaches all kinds of tricks to 惭腻濒补迟墨, the young harlot.

The work 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘 is not fully satirical but there are plenty of satirical elements. The 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘 of D膩modaragupta is a unique poem wherein erotic, comic, satiric and didactic elements are present. In the poem, Damodaragupta depicts various characters with satirical humour. In the work, the author portrays licentious people. Through the character Vikr膩l膩, the crookedness, trickeries and wickedness of the people of his time are revealed. The work contains mild banter and polite ridicule.

Vikr膩l膩 advises 惭腻濒补迟墨 to send a messanger to Cint膩ma峁噄 to express her love for him along with her state of mind. The messenger speaks the following lines where satirical element is observed.

The verse is as follows鈥�

c膩峁璾kramamanur膩ga峁� pra峁嘺yaru峁�a峁� virahajanita 艣ok膩rti峁� /
praka峁璦yati v膩rarama峁嚹� na峁�墨ve 艣ik峁Ｄ乥hiyogena //^[5]

In the above mentioned verse satirical element is observed when the harlot is compared with a 狈补峁��� or a dancer. In the verse it is said that, like a dancer, a harlot is also shows false love, hatred and sorrows born of separation.

Satirical element is also observed when the harlot is also compared with a yog墨n in the following verse鈥�

pravayasi yauvana艣膩lini h墨nakule satkulapras奴te ca /
rogavati d峁涐笉ha艣ar墨re samacitt膩 yogina艣ca ga峁噄k膩艣ca //⁶⁷

In the verse, it is said that both the yog墨n and the harlot keep the same attitude towards the old and young one, low-born and high born and the patient and the healthy one.

The ways of the harlot is also satirically depicted in the following verse-

y膩ni haranti man膩峁僺i smitajalpitav墨k峁�it膩ni rakt膩n膩峁� /
t膩nyeva virakt膩n膩峁� pratibh膩nti vivartit膩n墨va //^[7]

The gestures like smile, talk and glances of a harlot attract the mind of a person whom she loves. On the contrary, these gestures are changed for those who are opposite to it. A harlot applies these gestures whenever her lover is wealthy and when he becomes penniless these gestures take the opposite form. A harlot鈥檚 changing attitude is satirized here.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

iti 艣r墨k膩艣m墨ramah膩ma峁囜笉alamah墨ma峁囜笉anar膩jajay膩p墨岣峚mantripravarad膩modaragu-ptakaviviracita峁� ku峁�峁璦n墨mata峁�/
碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘

[2]:

R膩jatara峁単i峁嚹� IV. 496, P. 166

[3]:

鈥榢u峁�峁璦n墨 艣a峁僢hal墨 same鈥欌�揂marko艣a, 鈥樑沘峁僢hal墨 gan墨k膩n膩mupade艣ad膩yin墨 ku峁�峁璦n墨 iti/
Vidyalamkar, Atridev, 碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘, f.n.1, P. 2

[4]:

Sternbach, Ludwik, 厂耻产丑腻峁�i迟补, Gnomic and Didactic Literature, P. 80

[5]:

碍耻峁�峁�补苍墨尘补迟补尘, 92

[6]:

ibid., 93

[7]:

ibid.628