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Pratyabhijna and Shankara’s Advaita (comparative study)

by Ranjni M. | 2013 | 54,094 words

This page relates ‘The concept of Indeterminateness (Anirvacaniyata)� of study dealing with Pratyabhijna and Shankara’s Advaita. This thesis presents a comparative analysis of two non-dualistic philosophies, Pratyabhijna from Kashmir and Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta from Kerala, highlighting their socio-cultural backgrounds and philosophical similarities..

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2.8. The concept of Indeterminateness (Anirvacanīyatā)

The ultimate reality of both ʰٲⲹñ and Advaita is considered as indeterminate or indescribable. Both are indescribable because the greatness of them is unperceivable by the ordinary means of knowledge, but recognized only through experience. It is said that the words return along with the mind without attaining the realm of realizing the blissful Self.[1] It is also said that the Brahman is not attained by an extensive study of Vedas neither by intelligence and hearing. Only to him, who seeks to know it, the self reveals its own nature.[2] The association of Brahman is only after the cleanliness of the mind in all respect. When all these objects are emptied out, the Brahman only remains and shines by its own luminosity.

The Upaniṣadic terms used to denote the Brahman like [the following] indicate the indeterminateness of Him:

  1. aśabdam asparśam arūpam anantam[3]
  2. adṛśyam avyavahāryam agrāhyam alakṣaṇam acintyam;
  3. ⲹ貹śⲹ[4].

These adjectives are also suited to ʲś also. Utpala says that His definition is the absence of all definability.[5] Abhinavagupta also declares that the Ѳś is unintelligible.[6]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

yato vāco nivartante Բ saha | ԲԻ岹� 󳾲ṇo na bibheti kutaścana || Taittirīyopaniṣad, 2.2.4. In Գٲ-Գٲ-ṅg it is said that Brahman is Avāṅmanasagocara (insensible by speech and mind), 2.

[2]:

nāyamٳ pravacanena labhyo na medhayā na bahunā śrutena | yamaiveṣa vṛṇute tena labhyastasyaiṣa ٳ vivṛṇute svā� tanūm || KU, 1.2.23; ѳṇḍDZ貹Ծṣa, 3.2.3.

[3]:

ṻDZ貹Ծṣa, 1.2.16, 17 & 22.

[4]:

ѲṇdūDZ貹Ծṣa, 7.

[5]:

samastalakṣaṇāyoga eva yasyopalakṣaṇam | Śivastotrāvalī, 2.6. 139

[6]:

durvijñeyā hi sāvastha kimapyetadanuttaram | ղԳٰǰ첹, 2.28.

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