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Continuing investigations, both archaeological as well as literary, are likely to augment our knowledge on minerals and metals in ancient India. On the basis of the informations gathered by us so far, we may safely conclude that in the field of material science and technology, ancient India was second to none amongst the contemporary nations in the world. A variety of reasons, discussed in this chapter, Inhibited the rate of scientific progress in this sub- -continent, and India failed to match the spectacular intellectural renaisance in Europe. Never theless, when the British investigators of the nineteenth century surveyed our sub-continent, they obtained abundant evidences of ancient mines, working metallurgical outfits in the sectors of iron, copper, zinc, brass and gold, well- -informed practices related to gems and non-gem minerals and, briefly stated, of the entire gamut of the ancient and medieval Indian traditions in minerals and metals.

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X-16 Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, 1986, History of Science and Technology in Ancient India. - The Beginnings, Fima KIM Private Ltd., Calcutta. Pande, G.C., 1969, Philosophical Trends and the History of Science in India-Heterodox Trends, in Indian Journal of 1969, History of Science, nos. 1 & 2, Volume 4, May & November, pp. 42-51. Ray, Prafulla Chandra, History of Hindu Chemistry, Vol. I 1902-3; Vol. II 1909, Bengal Chemical and Phamaceutical Works Limited, Calcutta. Ray, Priyadaranjan, edited, 1956, History of Chemistry in Ancient and Medieval India, Indian Chemical Society, Calcutta. Roy, S.K., 1946, Glimpses into India's, Heritage in Geology, Mining and Metallurgy, in Quarterly, Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, Volume 18, March 1946, pp. 101-123. Sachau, E.C., edited, 1910, 1983, Alberuni's India (about 1030 A.D.), Volumes I & II, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Ltd., New Delhi.