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The doctrine of incarnation (补惫补迟腻谤补) is a special feature of 痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫颈蝉尘. Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 comes down to earth assuming the form of a man or an animal for fulfilling some specific purpose. These forms of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 are called his 补惫补迟腻谤补s. The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 says that Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 takes birth whenever He finds it necessary to re-establish dharma.^[1]

In the 艢谤墨尘补诲产丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻, Lord 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 declares that whenever there is decline of righteousness and unrighteousness is in the ascendant, He will incarnate himself:

测补诲腻 测补诲腻 hi dharmasya gl膩nirbhavati 产丑腻谤补迟补/
abhyutth膩nam adharmasya tad膩tm膩na峁� 蝉峁沯腻尘测补丑补尘//
paritr膩峁嚹亂a s膩dh奴n膩峁� vin膩艣膩ya ca du峁�k峁泃膩m/
dharmasa峁僺th膩pan膩ya sambhav膩mi yuge yuge// ^[2]

When injustice, lawlessness abounds in the universe 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 takes incarnations in different forms in this earth by His power of 尘腻测腻. It is stated that for the destruction of the demons and for the welfare of the world Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 takes incarnation.^[3] According to the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 叠丑峁沢耻鈥檚 curse to Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 to be born seven times on the Earth for his offence of beheading his wife is also regarded as the reason of the earthly incarnation of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 became seven times the son to Aditi.^[4]

The purpose and functions of different 补惫补迟腻谤补s are described in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has given detailed descriptions of different 补惫补迟腻谤补s in its different chapters. Regarding the number of 补惫补迟腻谤补s there are differences in different 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. Generally the 补惫补迟腻谤补s are regarded as ten in number.

The popular 诲补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补蝉 (ten incarnations) are:

1. Matsya,
2. 碍奴谤尘补,
3. 痴补谤腻丑补,
4. 痴腻尘补苍补,
5. 狈补谤补蝉颈峁僪补,
6. 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补,
7. 搁腻尘补,
8. 碍峁涐梗峁嘺,
9. Buddha and
10. Kalki.^{[5] [6]}

The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has presented a complete 诲补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补 theory. But it also puts some confusion by bringing variations in the description of incarnations.

In the 285^th chapter of this 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 the popular 诲补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补蝉 are presented as:

1. Matsya,
2. 碍奴谤尘补,
3. 痴补谤腻丑补,
4. 狈补谤补蝉颈峁僪补,
5. 痴腻尘补苍补,
6. 搁腻尘补,
7. 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补,
8. 碍峁涐梗峁嘺,
9. Buddha and
10. Kalki.^[7]

But, the 54^th chapter gives the names of ten incarnations as:

1. Matsya,
2. 碍奴谤尘补,
3. 痴补谤腻丑补,
4. 狈峁泂颈峁僪补,
5. 痴腻尘补苍补,
6. Bh膩rgavanandana i.e., 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补,
7. Raghunandana i.e. 搁腻尘补,
8. 叠补濒补谤腻尘补,
9. Buddha and
10. Kalki.^[8]

Again the 47^th chapter of the same 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 [has furnished the following as the 诲补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补蝉]:

1. 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺,
2. 狈峁泂颈峁僪补,
3. 痴腻尘补苍补,
4. 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补,
5. 惭腻苍诲丑腻迟腻,
6. 闯腻尘补诲补驳苍测补,
7. 顿腻艣补谤补迟丑颈 搁腻尘补,
8. 痴别诲补惫测腻蝉补,
9. Buddha and
10. Kalki .^[9]

Thus, it is clear that the second list omits 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 and substitutes 叠补濒补谤腻尘补, whereas in the third list 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺, 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补, 惭腻苍诲丑腻迟腻 and 痴别诲补惫测腻蝉补 are included. The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 also states that 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺, 狈峁泂颈峁僪补 and 痴腻尘补苍补 are divine incarnations; on the other hand 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补, 惭腻苍诲丑腻迟补, 闯腻尘补诲补驳苍测补, 搁腻尘补, 痴别诲补惫测腻蝉补, Buddha and Kalki are the human incarnations.^[10]

In the first two chapters of 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, the Matsya incarnation of Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is described. This incarnation is connected with the deluge of the Universe. The incarnation of Matsya depicts Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 as destroyer and creator of the universe. 碍奴谤尘补 补惫补迟腻谤补 i.e., tortoise incarnation is connected with the churning of ocean. In the 245^th chapter, 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has given description of the tortoise incarnation. The 碍奴谤尘补 is described as the one fourth portion of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻.^[11] The 247^th and 248^th chapters of 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 have given a clear picture of the 痴补谤腻丑补 补惫补迟腻谤补 i.e. boar incarnation. The 狈补谤补蝉颈峁僪补 incarnation is depicted in the 161^st to 163^rd chapters where 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 takes the half human and half lion form to kill 贬颈谤补峁噛补办补艣颈辫耻, the demon king. In 痴腻尘补苍补 incarnation, Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 snatches away the tribhuvana (three worlds)with the measure of his three feet from demon king Bali.^[12] In this incarnation He in disguise of a dwarf went to the 测补箩帽补 of demon king Bali and asked for a very small gift of land measured by his three feet for sacred fire place.^[13] After receiving the promise of three feet land from king Bali, 痴腻尘补苍补 then changing Himself into a gigantic form covered the three lokas and sent Bali to 辫腻迟补濒补.^[14]

V. S. Agrawala has opined,

鈥淭he motif of the V膩ma峁嘺 story was rooted in the Vedic symbolism of Vi峁�h峁噓 taking three strides and measuring out the three lokas.鈥� ^[15]

Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 in the incarnation of 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 annihilates the 办峁�a迟谤颈测补蝉. In his 搁腻尘补 incarnation, Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 manifested Himself as 搁腻尘补, the son of 顿补艣补谤补迟丑补 in the 罢谤别迟腻 yuga. He kills 搁腻惫补峁嘺, the king of 尝补峁卥腻.^[16] Unlike the 痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉, the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 gives a brief description of 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 补惫补迟腻谤补. Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, the protector of the universe, manifested Himself as 艢谤墨办峁涐梗峁嘺 in the 顿惫腻辫补谤补 yuga. He was born in the womb of 顿别惫补办墨 as a result of the penance of Vasudeva.^[17] Lord manifested himself in the human form and deluded the world by his yoga尘腻测腻.^[18] The reason of His incarnation was to re-establish righteousness.^[19] It appears that according to the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 are not different. In many places of the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is spoken of as 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补 or 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 which implies that 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 is the Lord Himself as is found in the 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补辫耻谤腻峁嘺.^[20] To restore dharma Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 incarnates himself in the human form as Buddha. He brings destruction for the Asuras. He had lotus-like eyes and was handsome like gods and was born as the fruit of penance.^[21] Ka1ki, the last and the future incarnation of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is to take birth in the Kali age. He would be born as the son of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻ya艣as.^[22]

Amongst his other incarnations which are included in the list of incarnations given in the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补 is one who was born in the first 罢谤别迟腻 age, when one fourth part of the righteousness was destroyed. 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 incarnated Himself as 惭腻苍诲丑腻迟腻 who was born in the 15^th 罢谤别迟腻 age and 鲍迟迟补峁卥补 was his officiating priest.^[23] In the 28^th 顿惫腻辫补谤补 age, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 incarnated as 痴别诲补惫测腻蝉补, the son of 笔补谤腻艣补谤补.¹⁰⁶

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 164.180-181

[2]:

叠丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻, 4.7-8

[3]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 70.11; 246.89

[4]:

Ibid., 47.105

[5]:

笔补诲尘补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 257.40-41; 础驳苍颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.16; 骋补谤耻岣峚辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.86.10-11; 痴补谤腻丑补pur膩峁嘺,

[6]:

68-69 etc.

[7]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 285.6-7

[8]:

Ibid., 54.15-19

[9]:

, 47.237

[10]:

Ibid., 47.241

[11]:

Ibid., 249.27

[12]:

Ibid., 47.46

[13]:

尘补尘腻驳苍颈艣补谤补峁嚹乺迟丑腻测补 dehi 谤腻箩补苍 padatrayam/ Ibid., 246.48

[14]:

Ibid., 246.52-92

[15]:

V. S. Agrawala, 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺-A Study, p.306

[16]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 47.245

[17]:

Ibid., 47.1-4

[18]:

Ibid., 47.11-12

[19]:

Ibid., 47.12

[20]:

办峁涐梗峁嘺蝉迟耻 产丑补驳补惫腻苍 svayam/ 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.3.28

[21]:

惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 47.247

[22]:

Ibid., 47.248

[23]:

Ibid., 47.243¹⁰⁶., 47.246